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The EAs are depicted within three distinct types of areas:  J* 1., Large urban centres (formerly G13 and G13A): depict EAs within urban centres (census metropolitan areas and tracted census agglomerations) with a population of 50,000 and over. Also shown are the limits of census tracts (CTs), census subdivisions (CSDs), federal electoral districts (FEDs) and census metropolitan areas/census agglomerations (CMAs/CAs)  with their corresponding names, types and/or codes.(#  J 2., Small urban centres (formerly G14 and G16): depict EAs within census subdivisions or unincorporated places. Also shown are the limits of CSDs and FEDs  with their corresponding names, types and/or codes.(#  J 3., Rural areas (formerly G12): depict EAs within rural areas. Also shown are the limits of CSDs, census divisions (CDs), FEDs and CMAs/CAs  with their corresponding names and/or codes.(# FFAlso available for the large urban centres and some of the small urban centres are index maps that enable users to identify the appropriate map(s) containing the enumeration area(s) of interest. Another index map is available for EAs within rural areas.  P@ #:x2p}wC/X# How to Use the Product  ~J #`2PkCzP#FFThe maps are designed to enable users to identify the general location and limits of the geographic areas reported in 1991 Census data publications. The maps should not be used for digitizing purposes nor to determine the precise location of boundaries. They are not intended to serve as a detailed legal or cadastral representation of the geographic areas.  P #:x2p}wC/X# Data Quality  ~J #`2PkCzP#FFThe purpose of a data quality statement is to provide detailed information for users to evaluate the fitness of the data or product for a particular use. Five fundamental components for a quality statement are: lineage, positional accuracy, attribute accuracy, logical consistency and completeness. #`D4p+?Gj#Lineage  ~JD #`2PkCzP#FFLineage includes descriptions of the source material from which the data were derived and the methods of derivation, including the dates of the source material and all transformations involved in producing the final digital files and map products. Source Material  FFCensus subdivision names, types and boundaries are those that were in effect on January 1, 1991 (the geographic reference date of the 1991 Census). Where notification from provincial or territorial authorities was not received or was received after March 1991, the name, type and/or limits of CSDs may not correspond with those recognized by provincial or territorial authorities. L&0*((ԌFFThe maps were produced from three sources, using both automated and manual techniques. The Street Network File (SNF), formerly called the Area Master File, and the 1991 EA digital boundary file were used to generate most of the maps within large urban centres and some maps within small urban centres. The 1986 EA reference maps were manually updated for those areas not covered by SNF  namely, portions of large and small urban centres, and rural areas. FFThe Street Network Files were digitized at various scales, generally ranging from 1:2,400 to 1:50,000. The output scales for this map series are 1:15,000 for densely builtup areas and 1:60,000 for sparsely settled regions. FFFor the manuallyproduced maps, the background base map information was obtained from various source documents. For the large and small urban centres not covered by SNF, National Topographic System (NTS) maps produced by Energy, Mines and Resources Canada (EMR), municipal town plans, road maps, 1986 census collection maps, and pre1991 field update maps were used. The map projections vary depending upon the sources. Compilation scales ranging from 1:2,400 to 1:75,000 were generated for the large urban centres; the maps were photographically reduced for dissemination (1:4,800 to 1:225,000). The compilation scales for small urban centres ranged between 1:2,400 and 1:250,000. FFFor rural areas the background base map information was taken from EMR's NTS topographic series and MCR maps, and from the 1986 census collection maps. The NTS 1:50,000 and 1:250,000 series was used for the 10 provinces, with map vintages ranging between 1954 and 1990. The map projection is Transverse Mercator. For the two territories, MCR maps were used; the map scales are 1:1,000,000 for Yukon and 1:4,000,000 for N.W.T., and the map vintages are 1972 and 1974. The map projection is  ~) Lambert Conformal Conic, with standard parallels at 49$N and 77$N (for Yukon) and at 64$N and 88$N (for the Northwest Territories). FFThe 1991 Census Geographic Data Base (CGDB) was used to link the EAs to higher level geographic areas. This data base contains attribute information for all standard geographical areas, including the relationships or linkages between these areas. Method of Derivation  FFFor areas within Street Network File coverage, a "d)coupage" method is used in order to provide for orderly mapping of areas displayed on many map sheets. The method followed is the "Syst/me qu)b)cois de r)f)rence cartographique" (SQRC), which is an extension of the National Topographic System (NTS) of Canada by systematically forming "subd)coupages". The SQRC map numbering system is also an extension of the NTS. Appendix 1 gives further details on the NTS and SQRC. Both systems normally generate maps that are the same scale as the d)coupage scale (i.e. if the d)coupage scale is 1:50,000, the maps are also produced at 1:50,000). This map series deviates somewhat from this approach: for d)coupages at 1:5,000 the plot scale is 1:15,000 and for d)coupages at 1:20,000 the plot scale is 1:60,000. FFThe EAs within the Street Network File coverage were generated by extracting the x,y coordinates of those physical and cultural features that formed the perimeter of the EAs. The EAs were then formed into polygons. Higher level geographic areas (CTs, CSDs, CDs, FEDs and CMAs/CAs) were created by rolling up the EA boundaries. FFFor mapping purposes within SNF coverage, the Transverse Mercator projection/UTM coordinates were transformed to Lambert Conformal Conic projection with two standard parallels. In most cases, the standard parallels for each urban centre are separated by twothirds of the northsouth extent of the study area (i.e. fixed at onesixth of the total latitudinal extent). This placement serves to distribute the scale error across the map area. The central meridian divides each urban centre in half. In other cases where urban centres are contiguous or nearly contiguous, the entire area is treated as one entity to position the two standard parallels and central meridian. These cases include the conurbation in southern Ontario (from Oshawa to St. Catharines, including some CSDs outside CMAs or CAs)  as well as SaintJ)r=me and Matsqui which use the parameters for the Montreal and Vancouver CMAs respectively. FFSome map text was relocated interactively if it overlapped with other textual components. '&0*((ԌFFThe EA linkages to higher level geographic areas (CTs, CSDs, CDs, FEDs and CMAs/CAs) were  ~J determined from the Census Geographic Data Base (CGDB). Refer to the 1991 CGDB Data Quality  ~J Statement (available from the Geography Division).  H  #`D4p+?Gj# Positional Accuracy #`2PkCzP# FFPositional accuracy is the difference between the "true" position of a feature in the real world and the "estimated" position stored in the digital file or other product. FFPositional accuracy depends on the quality of the source material used (EMR's NTS series and MCR maps, and the Street Network File, for the position of roads, railroads, rivers, lakes, etc.), as well as the manual drafting of the base map features and boundaries. The accuracy of higher level geographic areas  ~J is reflected in the rollup from the 1991 EA digital boundary file. Refer to the 1991 EA Boundary File and  ~J` Street Network File Data Quality Statements (available from the Geography Division). FFDue to the map scales, it was not always possible to show the actual limits of some small EAs within the Street Network File coverage. In these cases if an EA polygon was less than or equal to 3000 square meters, it was depicted by a point symbol.  HH #`D4p+?Gj# Attribute Accuracy  ~J #\D4P,GzP#FFAttribute accuracy refers to the accuracy of the nonpositional information attached to each feature. FFThe 1991 Census Geographic Data Base (CGDB) was used to validate that all EAs were correctly linked to higher level geographic areas. It was also used to generate the following information: EA codes,  ~J0 CT names, CSD names and types, CD names, FED codes, and CMA/CA names. Refer to the  1991  ~J CGDB Data Quality Statement (available from the Geography Division). FFOn the automated maps within the Street Network File coverage, street names are truncated if they are more than 20 characters, due to historical limitations in record layout specifications. Furthermore, because of software limitations, SNF feature names do not have French accents. FFEach province and territory approves the names of its CSDs, whereas physical features such as lakes and rivers have official names approved by the Canadian Permanent Committee on Geographical Names (CPCGN). These maps show the names approved by the CPCGN and the provincial and territorial authorities. FFNames of geographical entities having "panCanadian" significance have also been established by the CPCGN (such as names of provinces, territories, major islands and major bodies of water), and are shown in both official languages.  HX #`D4p+?Gj# Logical Consistency  ~J #\D4P,GzP#FFLogical consistency describes the fidelity of relationships encoded in the data structure of the digital spatial data (i.e. how well elements of the data structure follow the rules imposed on them). FFThe boundaries were visually checked for closure on the maps produced manually. For the maps produced by computer, all EA polygons were topologically checked, and a pointinpolygon method was used to validate both proper labelling as well as linkages to higher level geographic areas. For more  ~J information, refer to the 1991 EA Boundary File Data Quality Statement (available from the Geography Division). #`D4p+?Gj#Completeness  ~J$ #\D4P,GzP#FFCompleteness expressses the degree to which geographic entities (features) are captured according to the data capture specifications. It also includes information about selection criteria, definitions used and other relevant mapping rules. FFThe map series contains 100% of the EAs (45,995) found on the CGDB. Only a subset of features contained in the Street Network File are displayed on the automated maps. All hydrographic features'0*(( (except falls and dams) and transportation features (except proposed highways, highways under construction, trails, walkways, bridges and tunnels) are shown. Delimiter and associated features are omitted (e.g. park boundary), as well as most features in the "general" category (except major powerlines, and cliffs in the Quebec and Hamilton CMAs). FFSome textual attribute information may not be depicted due to space limitations. For example, not all street names are shown; only those street names that fit on a line segment are plotted in order to avoid text overlap with crossing street names. Similarly, street types (e.g. Avenue, Crescent) are omitted. In addition, when polygons are split or truncated by the map frame  resulting in polygon parts too small to accommodate text labels  the codes and/or names are not shown for these polygons. FFFor the manually produced maps, all hydrographic and transportation features are depicted.  P` #:x2p}wC/X# Other Related Products  ~J2 #`2PkCzP#FFThe products listed below present information related to this reference map series. Please consult the  ~J 1991Census Catalogue (Catalogue 92302E) for more information on these and other census products and services. 9231944` `  "Reference Map Series:; Census Divisions and Census Subdivisions 9232044` `  "Reference Map Series:; Census Metropolitan Areas, Census Agglomerations and Census FFrr44` `  " $" " ' )N N + -z z / 13<<57OO9; Tracts Not catalogued` `  "Reference Map:<<57OO9; Federal Electoral Districts (available on request only) #:x2p}wC/X# To Obtain More Information  ~J FF#`2PkCzP#Further questions concerning products and services should be directed to one of the following Statistics Canada Regional Reference Centres: FFSt. John's` ` (709) 77240733<<57OO9;=WinnipegIL(204) 9834020(# FFHalifax44` ` (902) 42653313<<57OO9;=ReginaEGIL(306) 7805405 FFMontr)al` ` (514) 28357253<<57OO9;=EdmontonIL(403) 4953027  b FFOttawa44` ` (613) 95181163<<57OO9;=CalgaryGIL(403) 2926717 FFToronto` ` (416) 97365863<<57OO9;=VancouverIL(604) 6663691 FFA tollfree number is provided in all provinces and territories, for users who reside outside the local dialing area of any of the Regional Reference Centres: XFr4` " N z <Oh*VDt XFr4` <Oh*VDt  FFNewfoundland and Labrador` <<57}OO9;=**?AVVCEGILDDNPttRZ18005634255(#O FFNova Scotia, New Brunswick and Prince Edward IslandPttRZ18005657192yyj(# FFQuebec` ` <<57OO9;=**?AVVCEGILDDNPttRZ18003612831yyj FFOntario` ` <<57OO9;=**?AVVCEGILDDNPttRZ18002631136yyj FFManitoba` ` <<57OO9;=**?AVVCEGILDDNPttRZ18005423404 FFSaskatchewan<<57OO9;=**?AVVCEGILDDNPttRZ18006677164yyjyyj FFAlberta44` ` <<57OO9;=**?AVVCEGILDDNPttRZ18002823907 FFSouthern AlbertaXFr4` <Oh*VDt XFr4` <Oh*VDt <<57OO9;=**?AVVCEGILDDNPttRZ18004729708E FFBritish Columbia (South and Central);=**?AVVCEGILDDNPttRZ18006631551 FFYukon and Northern B.C. (area served by NORTHWESTEL Inc.)ZZenith 08913  ~J%&  FFNorthwest Territories (area served by NORTHWESTEL Inc.)ZCall collect 4034953028K!K!t(# FFTelecommunications Device for the Hearing ImpairedLDDNPttRZ18003637629'0*((ԌF@Appendix 1  P #:x2p}wC/X#M= D)coupage System #`2PkCzP# FFThe diagram below illustrates the National Topographic System (NTS) of Canada and the Syst/me qu)b)cois de r)f)rence cartographique (SQRC). The NTS includes map scales at 1:1,000,000, 1:500,000, 1:250,000, 1:125,000, 1:50,000 and 1:25,000. The SQRC is an extension of the NTS for representing areas at scales of 1:20,000, 1:10,000, 1:5,000, 1:2,000 and 1:1,000. XFr4` <Oh*VDt Xp` 0p*VDt   J 21` `  (A primary NTS quadrangle of the 1:1,000,000 series , numbered successively 21,  ~)[ pp` `  (22, 23.... Each quadrangle extends 4$ of latitude and 8$ of longitude.  J 21M` ` P (The NTS primary quadrangle is divided into 16 sheets for the 1:250,000 series , lettered A to P. Each sheet is designated by the primary quadrangle number followed by a letter.(#  J 21M13` ` P (The NTS 1:250,000 quadrangle is divided into 16 sheets for the 1:50,000 series , numbered 1 to 16. Each sheet takes the 1:250,000 designation followed by a number.(#  J 21M132000101 (The 1:50,000 quadrangle is divided into 4 sheets for the SQRC 1:20,000 series  numbered 0101 (S.W.), 0102 (S.E.), 0201 (N.W.) and 0202 (N.E.). The number 200, inserted between the 1:50,000 designation (21M13) and 1:20,000 designation (0101), represents the map scale when multiplied by 100.(# The same principle for subdividing 1:50,000 quadrangles applies to other SQRC map scales. For example: Xp` 0p*VDt XFr4` " N z <Oh*VDt  FF there are 16 sheets for the 1:10,000 series, numbered 21M131000101 to 21M131000404. FF there are 64 sheets for the 1:5,000 series, numbered 21M130500101 to 21M130500808.'0*(( XFr4` " N z <Oh*VDt XFr4` <Oh*VDt F@Appendix 2DDN  P @#:x2p}wC/X# Definitions ă #`2PkCzP# FFThe definitions of geographic terms and census concepts are presented here in summary form only.  ~J Please refer to the 1991 Census Dictionary (Catalogue 92301E) for the full definitions. #d2p}wCj#  Ja  #d2p}wCj#Census Agglomeration (CA): #`2PkCzP#The general concept of a CA is one of a large urban area, together with adjacent urban and rural areas which have a high degree of economic and social integration with that urban area. FFA CA is delineated around an urban area (called the urbanized core and having a population of at least 10,000, based on the previous census). Once a CA attains an urbanized core population of at least 100,000, based on the previous census, it becomes a census metropolitan area (CMA).  J #d2p}wCj# Census Division (CD): #`2PkCzP# Refers to the general term applying to geographic areas established by provincial laws which are intermediate geographic areas between the census subdivision and the province (e.g. divisions, counties, regional districts, regional municipalities and seven other types of geographic areas made up of groups of census subdivisions). FFIn Newfoundland, Manitoba, Saskatchewan and Alberta, provincial law does not provide for these administrative geographic areas. Therefore, CDs have been created by Statistics Canada in cooperation with these provinces.  J #d2p}wCj# Census Metropolitan Area (CMA): #`2PkCzP# The general concept of a CMA is one of a very large urban area, together with adjacent urban and rural areas which have a high degree of economic and social integration with that urban area. FFA CMA is delineated around an urban area (called the urbanized core and having a population of at least 100,000, based on the previous census). Once an area becomes a CMA, it is retained in the program even if its population subsequently declines. FFSmaller urban areas, centred on urbanized cores of a population of at least 10,000, are included in the census agglomeration (CA) program.  J' #d2p}wCj# Census Subdivision (CSD): #`2PkCzP# Refers to the general term applying to municipalities (as determined by provincial legislation) or their equivalent, e.g. Indian reserves, Indian settlements and unorganized territories. FFIn Newfoundland, Nova Scotia and British Columbia, the term also describes geographic areas that have been created by Statistics Canada in cooperation with the provinces as equivalents for municipalities.  J #d2p}wCj# Census Subdivision Type: #`2PkCzP# The type indicates the municipal status of a census subdivision. CSDs are classified into various types, according to official designations adopted by provincial or federal authorities. The following list indicates all CSD types and their abbreviations: (#҇ BORrrBorough<<57OO9;=**? CrrCity Cit) CMrrCounty (municipality) COMrrCommunity CTrrCanton (municipalit) de) CUrrCantons unis (municipalit) de) DMrrDistrict municipality HAMrrHamlet IDrrImprovement district;'0*((Ԍ IGDPttRIndian government district LGDPttRLocal government district LOTPttRTownship and royalty MDPttRMunicipal district NHDDNPttRNorthern hamlet NVDDNPttRNorthern village PDDNPttRParoisse (municipalit) de) PARPttRParish RDDNPttRIndian reserve R)serve indienne1;'0*((( 3  1ԌRMrrRural municipality RVrrResort village SArrSpecial area SCMrrSubdivision of county municipality SDrrSans d)signation (municipalit)) SErrIndian settlement (tablissement indien SETrrSettlement SRDrrSubdivision of regional district SUNrrSubdivision of unorganized SVrrSummer village0*(( TDDNPttRTown TPDDNPttRTownship TRDDNPttRTerres r)serv)es UNOPttRUnorganized Non organis) VDDNPttRVille VCDDNPttRVillage cri VKDDNPttRVillage naskapi VLDDNPttRVillage VNDDNPttRVillage nordique 10*(( 1ԯXFr4` <Oh*VDt XFr4` " N z <Oh*VDt #d2p}wCj#  J` Census Tract (CT): #`2PkCzP# The general concept of a CT is that of a permanent, small urban neighbourhoodlike or rural communitylike area established in large urbancentred regions with the help of local specialists interested in urban and social science research. FFCensus tracts are delineated jointly by a local committee and Statistics Canada. The population must be between 2,500 and 8,000, with a preferred average of 4,000 persons (except for those CTs in central business districts, in other major commercial and industrial zones, or in peripheral rural or urban areas that may have either a lower or higher population). Also, when first delineated or subsequently subdivided, CTs must be as socioeconomically homogeneous and compact in shape as possible. FFAll CMAs and CAs in Canada containing a CSD having a population of 50,000 or more at the previous census are eligible for a census tract program.  J #`D4p+?Gj# Enumeration Area (EA): #\D4P,GzP#An EA is the geographic area canvassed by one census representative. The number of dwellings in an EA generally varies between a maximum of 375 in large urban areas to a minimum of 125 in rural areas. An EA always respects higher level geographic areas recognized by the census, and is the smallest unit for which census data are usually available.  J #`D4p+?Gj# Federal Electoral District (FED): #\D4P,GzP#A FED refers to any place or territorial area entitled to return a member to serve in the House of Commons. There are 295 FEDs in Canada according to the 1987 Representation Order. FED legal limits and descriptions are the responsibility of the Chief Electoral Officer, and are usually revised every 10 years after the results of the decennial census.  J #d2p}wCj# Geographic Area: #`2PkCzP# Refers to geographic areas delineated or employed for the collection, compilation, analysis and dissemination of census data.  J( #d2p}wCj# Province: #`2PkCzP# Refers to the major political division of Canada. From a statistical point of view, it is a basic unit for which data are tabulated and crossclassified.  J #d2p}wCj# Reference Maps: #`2PkCzP# Reference maps are maps which show the locations and boundaries of the geographic areas for which census data are tabulated and published. The main information depicted on reference maps includes the boundaries, names and codes of census geographic areas, and major cultural and physical features such as roads, railways, rivers and lakes. #d2p}wCj#  Jl" #d2p}wCj# Standard Geographical Classification (SGC): #`2PkCzP#The SGC is Statistics Canada's official classification of geographic areas in Canada. The SGC provides unique numeric identification for three types of geographic areas: provinces and territories; census divisions; and census subdivisions. FFThe three geographic areas are hierarchically related. CSDs aggregate to CDs, which in turn aggregate to a province or territory. This relationship is reflected in the sevendigit code: FFProvince/territory" " ' )N N +Census division=**?ACensus subdivision FFrr XX` `  " $" " ' )N N + -z z / 1XX<<57OO9;=**?AVVCEGIXXXP FF 2 digits` `  " $" " ' )N N + z z /2 digits7OO9;=**?AVVCEG3 digits #d2p}wCj#  J Street Network File (SNF): #\D4P,GzP# The SNF, formerly known as the Area Master File (AMF), is a computerreadable file that geographically references the street network and selected other nonstreet features (such as rivers, lakes, railways and municipal limits). SNFs are generally created for urban municipalities which had a population of 50,000 or more at the previous census and for which census tracts have been defined. FFThe SNF contains the names for all street and nonstreet features. In addition, the intersection (corner) civic address ranges and blockface representative points are available for addressable streets.  J* #d2p}wCj# Territory: #\D4P,GzP# Refers to two major political divisions of Canada, namely Yukon Territory and Northwest Territories. From a statistical point of view, these territories are equivalent to provinces, i.e. a basic unit for which data are tabulated and crossclassified.  JL #d2p}wCj# Unincorporated Place (UP):#\D4P,GzP# The concept of a UP is a cluster of dwellings (i.e. a settlement) lacking legal limits or local government. A UP has a cluster of five or more occupied dwellings in rural areas, and is locally known by a specific name. A UP has the same Standard Geographical Classification code as the CSD in which it is located.