1Statistics Canada Census of Canada, 1991 Profile of Enumeration Areas - Part A 100% Data Data Documentation Published by authority of the Minister responsible for Statistics Canada Minister of Industry, Science and Technology, 1993 (codebook: comp. by Data Library Service, University of Toronto, 10/93 DDMS software provided by Health and Welfare Canada rev. ed. 12/93) _______________ Preface This product is part of the "Profiles" series, a collection of electronic products, designed to provide a statistical overview for different types of census geographic areas. There are seven types of areas for which the profiles are produced: census divisions and census subdivisions (CDs and CSDs); census metropolitan areas and census agglomerations (CMAs and CAs); census tracts (CTs) for CMAs and selected CAs; federal electoral districts (FEDs); enumeration areas (EAs); urban forward sortation areas (FSAs); and urban and rural areas. Profiles for these seven geographic area types are structured into two parts: Part A provides basic demographic, mother tongue, dwelling, household, and family data for geographic areas collected from all households, that is on a 100% basis. Part B provides data collected from a 20% sample of households for the same geographic areas, on characteristics such as home language, ethnic origin, place of birth, education, religion, labour force activity, housing costs, and income. This particular product presents the Part A profile for enumeration areas. I would like to express my appreciation to the millions of Canadians who completed their questionnaires on June 4, 1991 , as well as to all those who assisted Statistics Canada in planning and conducting the census. Ivan P. Fellegi Chief Statistician of Canada 1 Table of Contents 1. Introduction 1.1 Organization of the Product 1.2 Content Considerations 2. Definitions 3. Data Quality 4. Special Notes Appendix 1. Appendix 2. (not included) 5. Index of Variables 6. Record Layout 1 1. Introduction This product provides a profile of enumeration areas (EAs) within federal electoral districts. It is based on data collected by the 1991 Census of Canada from all households. This profile shows population counts by age and sex, by marital status and by mother tongue. It also shows dwelling counts by type and tenure, households by size, and families by size, structure and the presence of never-married sons and daughters. 1.1 Organization of the product This product consists of a single table displaying data for each geographic area. The data have been grouped into blocks by universe (i.e. population, dwellings, households and families). For each universe, data are dhown in relation to a number of different characteristics. For example, population is first shown by age and sex, then by marital status and finally by mother tongue. A user can select one or more of these characteristics. The geographic areas can be selected from a list. Reference maps showing EAs are published separately. 1.2 Content Considerations The enumeration area (EA), as the basic geographical unit of census data collection, is the smallest standard geographic area for which census data are normally available. All Standard geographic areas are composed of one or more complete enumeration areas. For more information, refer to the Enumeration Area Reference Lists Series, the titles of which are listed in the 'Other Related Products' section. Enumeration areas (EAs) never cut across any standard geographic areas recognized by the census. Therefore the boundaries and codes of EAs change from census to census, reflecting population shifts, changes to census subdivisions and geographic area boundaries and changes to census representative workload criteria. The 1991 census was taken in accordance with the boundaries of the 195 federal electoral districts (FEDs) identified by the 1987 Representation Order to the Electoral Boundaries Readjustment Act. A federal electoral district (FED) is that area entitled to return a member to serve in the House of Commons. Unlike the 1991 Census, the 1986 Census was taken in accordance with the boundaries of the 282 FEDs identified by the 1976 Representation Order to the electoral Boundaries Readjustment Act, RSC, 1970. Therefore, the 1991 and 1986 FEDs are not necessarily identical and their codes may be different. On some Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 1991 census, enumeration was not permitted or was interrupted before it was completed. Moreover, some Indian reserves and Indian settlements were enumerated late or the quality of the population and dwelling counts was 1not considered adequate. These geographic areas (a total of 78) are called incompletely enumerated Indian reserves and Indian settlements. Profiles are not available for these reserves and settlements. Appendix 1 gives selected characteristics for 1981 and 1986. This issue is duscussed in more detail in the 'Special Notes' under the heading 'Incompletely enumerated Indian reserves and Indian Settlements'. Profiles are also not shown for the following EAs: (a) EAs with global non-response rates greater than or equal to 25%; (b) EAs with a population of less than 40 persons. Some EAs have registered very high non-response rates for some questions despite the fact that accurate population and dwelling counts were obtained. A data quality index, T, has been determined to reflect this situation and is expressed by a symbol indicating an interval for T: + 5% <= T < 25%; ++ T >= 25%. EAs with values of 5% or more are indicated by a data quality flag. EAs with no data quality flag have a global non-response rate lower than 5%. Profiles are not shown for EAs with the ++ level of non-response; however, a list of suppressed EAs has been included as a separate file. This issue is discussed in more detail in the 'Special Notes' section under the heading 'Data Quality Index'. EAs with a population of less than 40 persons are subject to area suppression as a standard feature to protect the confidentiality of individual responses (see file containing suppressed EAs). Appendix 2, which lists the incompletely enumerated Indian reserves and Indian settlements, also shows the FED in which each is located. This issue is discussed in more detail in the 'Special Notes'. Comparability of Data on Mother Tongue: there were changed in the census questionnaire which affect the comparability of the 1991 data on mother tongue with those of 1986 and 1981. See the 'Special Notes' section for further information on this topic. 1 2. Definitions The definitions of geographic terms and census concepts are presented here in summary form only. Users should refer to the 1991 Census Dictionary (catalogue no. 92-301E) for the full definitions and additional remarks related to these concepts and definitions. 2.1 Age Refers to the age at last birthday (as of the census reference date, June 4, 1991). This variable is derived from the date of birth question which asks day, month and year of birth. Persons who were unable to give the exact date of birth were asked to give the best possible estimate. 2.2 Census Agglomeration (CA) The general concept of a census agglomeration (CA) is one of a large urban area, together with adjacent urban and rural areas which have a high degree of economic and social integration with that urban area. A CA is delineated around an urban area (called the urbanized core and having a population of at least 10,000, based on the previous census). Once a CA attains an urbanized core population of at least 100,000, based on the previous census, it becomes a census metropolitan area (CMA). 2.3 Census Family Refers to a now-married couple (with or without never-married sons and/or daughters of either or both spouses), a couple living common-law (again with or without never-married sons and/or daughters of either or both partners), or a lone parent of any marital status, with at least one never-married son or daughter living in the same dwelling. 2.4 Census Family Composition Refers to the classification of census families according to the number and/or age groups of never-married sons and/or daughters at home. 2.5 Census Family Living Arrangements Refers to the classification of persons in terms of whether they are members of a family household or a non-family household, and whether they are family or non-family persons. 2.6 Census Family Status Refers to the classification of the population according to whether or not they are members of a census family. Family persons refers to household members who belong to a census family. They, in turn, are further classified as follows: 1 Husband and wife refer to persons of opposite sex who are legally married to each other and living in the same dwelling. Common-law partners are two persons of opposite sex who are not legally married to each other but live together as husband and wife in the same dwelling. Lone parent refers to a mother or a father, with no spouse or common-law partner present, living in a dwelling with one or more never-married sons and/or daughters. Never-married sons and/or daughters refers to blood, step or adopted sons and daughters who have never married (regardless of age) and are living in the same dwelling as their parent(s). Sons and daughters who are currently or were previously married, or who are living common-law, are not considered to be members of their parent(s)' census family even if they are living in the same dwelling. In addition, those never-married sons and daughters who do not live in the same dwelling as their parent(s) are not considered members of their parent(s)' census family. Non-family persons refers to household members who do not belong to a census family. They may be related to Person 1 (the household reference person) (e.g., Person 1's divorced brother, brother-in-law, cousin, grandparent) or unrelated (e.g., lodger, room-mate, employee). A person living alone is always a non-family person. 2.7 Census Family Structure Refers to the classification of census families into families of now-married couples (with or without never-married sons or daughters living at home of either or both spouses), families of common-law couples (with or without never-married sons or daughters living at home of either or both partners) and lone-parent families by sex of parent. 2.8 Census Metropolitan Area (CMA) The general concept of a census metropolitan area (CMA) is one of a very large urban area, together with adjacent urban and rural areas which have a high degree of economic and social integration with that urban area. A CMA is delineated around an urban area (called the urbanized core and having a population of at least 100,000, based on the previous census). Once an area becomes a CMA, it is retained in the program even if its population subsequently declines. Smaller urban areas, centred on urbanized cores of a population of at least 10,000, are included in the census agglomeration (CA) program. 2.9 Census Subdivision (CSD) Refers to the general term applying to municipalities (as determined by provincial legislation) or their equivalent, e.g., Indian reserves, Indian settlements and unorganized territories. 1In Newfoundland, Nova Scotia and British Columbia, the term also describes geographic areas that have been created by Statistics Canada in co-operation with the provinces as equivalents for municipalities. 2.10 Census Subdivision Type The type indicates the municipal status of a census subdivision. Census subdivisions (CSDs) are classified into various types, according to official designations adopted by provincial or federal authorities. The following list indicates the abbreviations used for CSD types: BOR Borough C City- Cit CM County (municipality) COM Community CT Canton (municipalit de) CU Cantons unis (municipalit de) DM District municipality HAM Hamlet ID Improvement district IGD Indian government district LGD Local government district LOT Township and royalty MD Municipal district NH Northern hamlet NV Northern village P Paroisse (municipalit de) PAR Parish R Indian reserve - Rserve indienne RM Rural municipality RV Resort village SA Special area SCM Subdivision of county municipality SD Sans dsignation (municipalit) S-E Indian settlement - tablissement indien SET Settlement SRD Subdivision of regional district SUN Subdivision of unorganized SV Summer village T Town TP Township TR Terres rserves UNO Unorganized - Non organis V Ville VC Village cri VK Village naskapi VL Village VN Village nordique 12.11 Census Tract (CT) The general concept of a census tract (CT) is that of a permanent, small urban neighbourhood-like or rural community-like area established in large urban-centred regions with the help of local specialists interested in urban and social science research. Census tracts are delineated jointly by a local committee and Statistics Canada according to the following criteria: (1) Wherever possible, census tract boundaries must follow permanent and easily recognizable physical features. (2) The population of a census tract must be between 2,500 and 8,000, with a preferred average of 4,000 persons, except for those census tracts in central business districts, in other major commercial and industrial zones, or-in peripheral rural or urban areas that may have either a lower or higher population. (3) When first delineated, or subsequently subdivided, census tracts must be as homogeneous as possible in terms of the economic status and social living conditions of their populations. (4) Their shape must be as compact as possible. All census metropolitan areas (CMAs) and census agglomerations (CAs) in Canada containing a census subdivision (CSD), i.e. municipality, having a population of 50,000 or more at the previous census, are eligible for a census tract program. Once a census metropolitan area or census agglomeration is added to the program, it is retained even if the population subsequently decreases below 50,000. CSDs already within a tracted CMA do not qualify for a separate CT program when they reach a population of 50,000. 2.12 CMA/CA Part Code This field identifies EAs within CMAs and CAs as belonging to a CMA/CA part. The concept of CMA/CA parts distinguishes between central and peripheral urban and rural areas within a census metropolitan area (CMA) or a census agglomeration (CA). There are three CMA/CA parts: urbanized core, urban fringe and rural fringe. Urbanized core: A large urban area around which a CMA or a CA is delineated. The urbanized core must have a population (based on the previous census) of at least 100,000 in the case of a CMA, or between 10,000 and 99,999 in the case of a CA. 1Urban fringe: An urban area within a CMA or CA, but outside the urbanized core. Rural fringe: All territory within a CMA or CA lying outside urban areas. Code assignment is as follows: 1 Urbanized core 2 Urban fringe A blank cell represents a rural fringe or does not belong to a CMA or CA. 2.13 CMA/CA Type Code This field identifies the type of CMA or CA to which a given EA belongs, as follows: Code Description A Consolidated CMA* B Regular CMA* C Consolidated CA D Regular CA * See Definition for CMA. 2.14 Census Tract/Provincial Census Tract (CT/PCT) Name Code This field provides the official name (i.e. number) assigned by the census for each census tract and provincial census tract. CTs and PCTs are defined later in this section. Generally, census tracts are assigned a three-digit number in ascending sequence within a CMA or CA. Where a census tract is split into two or more parts, the three-digit number is followed by a decimal point and a further two digits identifying the splits, e.g. 309.01 309.02 Provincial census tracts are assigned a four-digit number in ascending sequence within a province. Where a PCT is split into two or more parts, the four-digit number is followed by a decimal point and a further two digits identifying the splits. Gaps exist in the numbering. Initially PCTs included CTs; however, the decision was made to restrict PCTs to those areas not included in the Census Tract Program. Furthermore, PCTs are retired as the census tract coverage area is expanded. 1Provincial Province Province census tract code name 0001 to 0101.04 Newfoundland 10 0200 to 0220 Prince Edward Island 11 0300 to 0451 Nova Scotia 12 0718.01 to 0826 New Brunswick 13 1000 to 2239 Quebec 24 3000 to 4480 Ontario 35 5000 to 5194 Manitoba 46 6000 to 6203 Saskatchewan 47 7000.01 to 7315 Alberta 48 8000 to 8403 British Columbia 59 9000 to 9003 Yukon Territory 60 9100 to 9105 Northwest Territories 61 Not all PCTs in each range are currently used. The terms CT/PCT name and CT/PCT code are not synonymous. The former is the numerical name used to identify CT/PCTs on maps and in data products whereas the code is a four-digit non-geographic numeric identifier used to access a CT/PCT on census digital databases. 2.15 CMA/CA Component Refers to the census subdivisons (CSDs) which form the building blocks of a census metropolitan area (CMA), census agglomeration (CA), primary census metropolitan area (PCMA) or primary census agglomeration (PCA). 2.16 Economic Family Refers to a group of two or more persons who live in the same dwelling and are related to each other by blood, marriage, common-law, or adoption. 2.17 Economic Family Status Refers to the classification of the population according to whether or not they are members of an economic family. Economic family persons refers to two or more household members who are related to each other by blood, marriage, common-law or adoption and thereby constitute an economic family. Unattached individuals refers to household members who are not members of an economic family. A person living alone is always an unattached individual. 2.18 Enumeration Area (EA) An enumeration area (EA) is the geographic area canvassed by one census representative. 12.19 Federal Electoral District (FED) A federal electoral district refers to any place or territorial area entitled to return a member to serve in the House of Commons (source: Canada Elections Act, 1990). There are 295 FEDs in Canada according to the 1987 Representation Order. Federal electoral districts are defined according to the following criteria: (1) the legal limits and descriptions are the responsibility of the Chief Electoral Officer and are published in the Canada Gazette; (2) FED limits are usually revised every 10 years after the results of the decennial census. 2.20 Household Refers to a person or group of persons (other than foreign residents), who occupy the same dwelling and do not have a usual place of residence elsewhere in Canada. It may consist of a family group (census family) with or without other non-family persons, of two or more families sharing a dwelling, of a group of unrelated persons, or of one person living alone. Household members who are temporarily absent on Census Day (e.g., temporary residents elsewhere) are considered as part of their usual household. For census purposes, every person is a member of one and only one household. Households are classified into three groups: private households, collective households and households outside Canada. 2.21 Household Size Refers to the number of persons in a private household. 2.22 Household Type Refers to the basic division of private households into family and non-family households. Family household refers to a household that contains at least one census family, that is a married couple with or without never-married sons or daughters, or a couple living common-law with or without never-married sons or daughters, or a lone parent living with one or more never-married sons or daughters (single-parent family). One-family household refers to a single census family (with or without other non-family persons) that occupies a private dwelling. Multiple-family household refers to one in which two or more census families (with or without additional non-family persons) occupy the same private dwelling. Non-family household refers to either one person living alone in a private dwelling or to a group of two or more people who share a private dwelling, but who do not constitute a census family. 12.23 Indian Reserve Refers to land, the legal title to which is vested in Her Majesty, that has been set apart for the use and benefit of an Indian band and that is subject to the terms of the Indian Act. Since it is generally excluded from local jurisdiction and is administered by the Federal Department of Indian and Northern Affairs Canada (INAC), it is classified as a census subdivision (CSD) by Statistics Canada. 2.24 Indian Settlement Refers to places, identified by the Federal Department of Indian and Northern Affairs Canada (INAC) for statistical purposes only, where a self-contained group of at least 10 Indian people reside more or less permanently. Indian settlements are usually located on Crown lands under federal or provincial jurisdiction. They have not been set apart for the use and benefit of an Indian band as is the case with Indian reserves. 2.25 Land Area - Net Refers to land area measurement in square kilometres and excludes discernible bodies of water as found on the maps used to calculate land area. All land area measurements apply to the limits in effect on January 1, 1991, the geographic reference date for the 1991 census of Canada. The map scales used to measure land area generally vary between 1:50,000 and 1:250,000. In densely populated urban areas and in sparsely populated areas, larger or smaller scales are sometimes used. 2.26 Marital Status (Legal) Refers to the conjugal status of a person. Legally married (and not separated) Persons whose husband or wife is living, unless the couple is separated or a divorce has been obtained. Legally married and separated Persons who have been deserted or who have parted because they no longer want to live together, but have not obtained a divorce. Divorced Persons who have obtained a legal divorce and who have not remarried. Widowed Persons who have lost their spouse through death and who have not remarried. 1Never married (single) Persons who have never married (including all persons less than 15 years of age) and persons whose marriage has been annulled and who have not remarried. 2.27 Mother Tongue Refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the individual at the time of the census. The following instructions were provided to respondents in the 1991 Census Guide: Report the first language learned at home before starting school. If this language is no longer understood, report the second language learned. If more than one language is understood, report the language first learned at home. If two languages were learned at the same time, report the language spoken most often as a child at home. If both languages were used equally often, report both. For a child who has not yet learned a language, report the first language this child will learn at home. If two languages will be learned at the same time, report the one which will be used most often to speak to this child. If both languages are used equally often, report both. If a person speaks an Indian language (from India), do not report Indian but rather the specific language such as Hindi, Urdu or Punjabi. If a person speaks an Amerindian (North American Indian) language, report the specific Amerindian language such as Cree or Ojibway. 2.28 Occupied Private Dwelling Refers to a private dwelling in which a person or group of persons are permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on Census Day. Unless otherwise specified, all data in housing reports are for occupied private dwellings rather than unoccupied private dwellings or dwellings occupied solely by foreign and/or temporary residents. 2.29 Primary Census Metropolitan Area (PCMA) - Primary Census Agglomeration (PCA) The primary census metropolitan area (PCMA) or primary census agglomeration (PCA) concept recognizes the fact that adjacent census metropolitan areas (CMAs) and census agglomerations (CAs) are socially and economically integrated within a larger consolidated CMA or CA. Adjacent CMAs and CAs are consolidated into a single CMA or CA if the total commuting interchange between the two is equal to at least 35% 1of the employed labour force living in the smaller CMA or CA, based on the previous census. The original CMAs or CAs are known as PCMA or PCA subregions of the CMA or CA. 2.30 Private Dwelling Refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one which can be used without passing through the living quarters of someone else. The dwelling must meet the three conditions necessary for year-round use: (1) a source of heat or power (as evidenced by chimneys, power lines, oil or gas pipes or meters, generators, woodpoiles, electric lights, solar heating panels, etc.); (2) access to a source of drinking water throughout the year (as evidenced by faucets, drain pipes, wells, water pumps, etc.); (3) an enclosed space that provides shelter from the elements (as evidenced by complete and enclosed walls, by a roof, and by doors and windows that provide protection from wind, rain and snow). 2.31 Private Household Refers to a person or group of persons (other than foreign residents) who occupy a private dwelling and do not have a usual place of residence elsewhere in Canada. 2.32 Provincial Census Tract (PCT) The general concept of a provincial census tract (PCT) is that of a permanent, small, urban and/or rural neighbourhood-like or community-like area outside those census metropolitan areas (CMAs) and census agglomerations (CAs) having a census tract (CT) program. Taken together, CTs and PCTs cover all of Canada. Provincial census tracts are delineated to encompass populations between 3,000 and 8,000, with a preferred average of 5,000. Boundaries, as much as possible, follow permanent physical features. 2.34 Sex Refers to the gender of the respondent. 2.35 Standard Geographical Classification (SGC) The Standard Geographical Classification (SGC) is Statistics Canada's official classification of geographic areas in Canada. The SGC provides unique numeric identification for three types of geographic areas. These are: - provinces and territories; - census divisions (CDs); - census subdivisions (CSDs). 1The three geographic areas are hierarchically related. Census subdivisions (CSDs) aggregate to census divisions (CDs), which in turn aggregate to a province or a territory. This relationship is reflected in the seven-digit code: Province/territory Census division Census subdivision XX XX XXX 2 digits 2 digits 3 digits 2.36 Structural Type of Dwelling Refers to the structural characteristics and/or dwelling configuration, that is, whether the dwelling is a detached single house, apartment in a high-rise building, a row house, a mobile home, etc. 2.37 Tenure Refers to whether some member of the household owns or rents the dwelling, or whether the dwelling is band housing (on an Indian reserve or settlement). 1 3. Data Quality 3.1 General The 1991 Census was a large and complex undertaking and, while considerable effort was taken to ensure high standards throughout all collection and processing operations, the resulting estimates are inevitably subject to a certain degree of error. Users of census data should be aware such error exists, and have some appreciation of its main components, so that they can assess the usefulness of census data for their purposes and the risks involved in basing conclusions or decisions on these data. Errors can arise at virtually every stage of the census process from the preparation of materials, through the listing of dwellings and data collection to processing. Some errors occur more or less at random, and when the individual responses are aggregated for a sufficiently large group, such errors tend to cancel out. For errors of this nature, the larger the group, the more accurate the corresponding estimate. It is for this reason that users are advised to be cautious when using small estimates. There are some errors, however, which might occur more systematically, and which result in "biased" estimates. Because the bias from such errors is persistent no matter how large the group for which responses are aggregated, and because bias is particularly difficult to measure, systematic errors are a more serious problem for most data users than the random errors referred to previously. For census data in general, the principal types of error are as follows: - coverage errors, which occur when dwellings and/or individuals are missed, incorrectly included or double counted; - non-response errors, which result when responses cannot be obtained from a small number of households and/or individuals, because of extended absence or some other reason; - response errors, which occur when the respondent, or sometimes the Census Representative, misunderstands a census question, and records an incorrect response; - processing errors, which can occur at various steps including: coding, when "write-in" responses are transformed into numerical codes; data capture, when responses are transferred from the census questionnaire to computer tapes by key-entry operators; and imputation when a "valid", but not necessarily correct, response is inserted into a record by the computer to replace missing or "invalid" data ("valid" and "invalid" referring to whether or not the response is consistent with other information on the record); - sampling errors, which apply only to the supplementary questions on the "long form" asked of a one-fifth sample of households, and which arise from the fact that the results for these questions, when weighted up to represent the whole population, inevitably 1 differ somewhat from the results which would have been obtained if these questions had been asked of all households. The above types of error each have both random and systematic components. Usually, however, the systematic component of sampling error is very small in relation to its random component. For the other non-sampling errors, both random and systematic components may be significant. 3.2 Coverage Errors Coverage errors affect the accuracy of the census counts, that is the sizes of the various census universes: population, families, households and dwellings. While steps have been taken to correct certain identifiable errors, the final counts are still subject to some degree of error resulting from persons or dwellings being missed, incorrectly included in the census or double counted. Missed dwellings or persons result in undercoverage. Dwellings can be missed because of misunderstanding of enumeration area (EA) boundaries, or because dwellings are hidden or appear uninhabitable. Persons can be missed when their dwelling is missed or classified as vacant, or when individual household members are omitted from the questionnaire because the respondent misinterprets the instructions on whom to include. Some individuals may be missed because they have no usual residence and did not spend census night in any dwelling. Dwellings or persons that are incorrectly included or double counted result in overcoverage. Overcoverage of dwellings can occur when structures unfit for habitation are listed as dwellings, or when units which do not meet the census definition of a dwelling are listed separately instead of being treated as part of a larger dwelling. Double counting of dwellings can occur, for example, because of ambiguity over EA boundaries. Persons can be double counted because their dwelling is double counted or because the guidelines on whom to include on the questionnaire have been misunderstood. Occasionally, someone who is not in the census population universe, such as a foreign resident or a fictitious person, may, incorrectly, be enumerated in the census. On average, overcoverage is less likely to occur than undercoverage and, as a result, counts of dwellings and persons are likely to be slightly underestimated. In 1991, four studies were undertaken to measure different aspects of coverage error. First, a sample of dwellings listed as vacant was revisited to verify that they really were vacant on Census Day. Adjustments have been made to the final census counts for households and persons missed because their dwelling was incorrectly classified as vacant. Second, a sample of persons enumerated as temporary residents was selected to verify whether or not they were enumerated at their usual place of residence. Based on this sample, estimates were obtained of the number of persons missed because they were temporarily absent from their usual place of residence. Corresponding adjustments were made to the final population counts. Despite these adjustments, the final counts are still subject to some undercoverage. For Canada as a whole and for each province and 1territory, the magnitude of this residual undercoverage in the 1991 Census is being measured by means of a special study known as the Reverse Record Check. Undercoverage tends to be higher for certain segments of the population such as young adult males and recent immigrants. The fourth study, known as the Overcoverage Study, is designed to investigate overcoverage errors. The results of the Reverse Record Check and the Overcoverage Study, when taken together, furnish an estimate of net undercoverage. 3.3 Other Non-Sampling Errors While coverage errors affect the number of units in the various census universes, other errors affect the characteristics of those units. Sometimes, it is not possible to obtain a complete response from a household, even though the dwelling was identified as occupied and a questionnaire dropped off. The household members may have been away throughout the census period or, in rare instances, the householder may have refused to complete the form. More frequently, the questionnaire is returned but information is missing for some questions or individuals. Considerable effort is devoted to ensure as complete a response as possible. Census representatives edit the questionnaires and follow up on missing information. The Census Representative's work is then checked by both a supervisor and a quality control technician. Despite this, at the end of the collection stage, a small number of responses is still missing. Although missing entries are eliminated during processing by replacing a missing value by the corresponding entry for a "similar" record, there remain some potential non-response errors. This is particularly serious if the non-respondents differ in some respects from the respondents, since this procedure will result in non-response bias. Even when a response is obtained, it may not be entirely accurate. The respondent may have misinterpreted the question or may have guessed the answer, especially when answering on behalf of another, possibly absent, household member. Such errors are referred to as response errors. While response errors usually arise from inaccurate information provided by respondents, they can also result from mistakes by the Census Representative when completing certain parts of the questionnaire, such as structural type of dwelling, or when calling back to obtain a missing response. Some of the questions on the census document require a written response. During processing, these "write-in" entries are given a numeric code. Coding errors can occur, especially when the code list is extensive (as with, for example, language, ethnic origin, industry and occupation), and when the written response is ambiguous, incomplete or difficult to read. Coding errors are controlled, though not completely eliminated, by verifying a sample of the codes and taking corrective action where necessary. For the first time in 1991, much of the coding was automated, partly in an effort to reduce the extent of coding errors. The information on the questionnaires is key-entered onto a computer file. Two procedures are used to control the number of data capture 1errors. First, certain edits (such as range checks) are performed as the data are keyed. Second, a sample from each batch of documents is re-keyed and compared with the original entries. If there is more than a specified number of errors among the original entries, the whole batch is re-keyed. Once the data have been captured, they are sent to Ottawa where they undergo a series of computer checks to identify missing or inconsistent responses. In the case of inconsistent responses, it has first to be decided which response is to be considered invalid. Invalid or missing responses must then be replaced by valid responses, that is, responses which are consistent with other data on the record. For a small proportion of cases, the correct response can be inferred from other data on the record. In most cases, however, this is not possible and a valid response is obtained from a "donor" record selected at random from among a group of consistent records which are similar to the invalid record in terms of a number of related characteristics. There is, of course, no guarantee that the imputed value will necessarily be the correct response for the individual concerned. However, provided the missing or invalid records are similar, on average, to the valid records, any imputation errors will more or less cancel out when results are tabulated for a sufficiently large geographic area or population subgroup. Various studies are being carried out to evaluate the quality of the responses obtained in the 1991 Census. For each question, response rates and edit failure rates have been calculated. These can be useful in identifying the potential for non-response and other errors. Also, tabulations from the 1991 Census have been or will be compared with corresponding estimates from previous censuses, from sample surveys (such as the Labour Force Survey) and from various administrative records (such as birth registrations and municipal assessment records). Such comparisons can indicate potential quality problems or at least discrepancies between the sources. In addition to these aggregate-level comparisons, there are some micromatch studies in progress, in which census responses are compared with another source of information at the individual record level. For certain "stable" characteristics (such as age, sex, mother tongue, place of birth), the responses obtained in the 1991 Census, for a sample of individuals, are being compared with those for the same individuals in the 1986 Census. Also, following the 1991 Census, a sample of persons was re-enumerated, primarily to determine overcoverage rates. At the same time, however, interviewers asked a series of detailed questions on language, ethnic origin and marital status; the responses will be compared with the corresponding census responses in order to identify, and hopefully understand, response errors. 3.4 Confidentiality and Random Rounding The figures shown in the tables have been subjected to a confidentiality procedure known as "random rounding". This is done to prevent the possibility of associating statistical data with any identifiable individual. Under this method, all figures including 1totals are randomly rounded either up or down to a multiple of "5", and in some cases "10". While providing strong protection against disclosure, this technique does not add significant error to the census data. However, there are some consequences for the users. Since totals are independently rounded, they do not necessarily equal the sum of individually rounded figures in distributions. Also, minor differences can be expected in corresponding totals and cell values in various census tabulations. Similarly, percentages, which are calculated on rounded figures, do not necessarily add up to 100. Percentage distributions and rates for the most part are based on rounded data, while percentage changes and averages are based on unrounded data. It should also be noted that small cell counts may suffer a significant distortion as a result of random rounding. Individual data cells containing small numbers may lose their precision as a result. Users should be aware of possible data distortions when they are aggregating these rounded data. Imprecisions as a result of rounding tend to cancel each other out when data cells are reaggregated. However, users can minimize these distortions by using, whenever possible, the appropriate subtotals when aggregating. For those requiring maximum precision, the option exists to use custom tabulations. With custom products, aggregation is done using individual census database records. Random rounding occurs only after the data cells have been aggregated, thus minimizing any distortion. In addition to random rounding, area suppression has been adopted to further protect the confidentiality of individual responses. Area suppression results in the deletion of all characteristic data for geographic areas with populations below a specified size. The extent to which data are suppressed depends upon the following factors: - if the data are tabulated from the 100% database, suppression is based upon the total population; - if the data are tabulated from the 20% sample database, suppression is based upon the non-institutional population; - if the data contain an income distribution, those areas with populations below 250 persons are suppressed; - if the data do not contain an income distribution, those areas with a population of less than 40 persons are suppressed. In all cases, suppressed data are included in the appropriate higher aggregate subtotals and totals. This technique is being implemented for all products involving subprovincial data (i.e. Profile series, basic summary tabulations, semi-custom and custom data products) collected on a 100% or 20% sample basis. 1 4. Special Notes 4.1 Population Counts Based on Usual Residence The population counts shown here for a particular area represent the number of Canadians whose usual place of residence is in that area, regardless of where they happened to be on Census Day. Also included are any Canadians staying in a dwelling in that area on Census Day and having no usual place of residence elsewhere in Canada, as well as those considered "non-permanent residents" (see note on this group). In most areas, there is little difference between the number of usual residents and the number of people staying in the area on Census Day. For certain places, however, such as tourist or vacation areas, or those including large work camps, the number of people staying in the area at any particular time could significantly exceed the number of usual residents shown here. 4.2 Non-permanent Residents In 1991, for the first time, the census of population included both permanent and non-permanent residents of Canada. Non-permanent residents are persons who hold student or employment authorizations, Minister's permits or who are refugee claimants. Prior to 1991, only permanent residents of Canada were included in the census. (The only exception to this was 1941.) Non-permanent residents were considered foreign residents and were not enumerated. Today in Canada, non-permanent residents make up a growing segment of the population. Their presence can affect the demand for such government services as health care, schooling, employment programs and language training. The inclusion of non-permanent residents in the 1991 Census will also facilitate comparisons with provincial and territorial statistics (marriages, divorces, births and deaths) which include this population. In addition, the census definition is now closer to the United Nations' recommendation that long-term residents (persons living in a country for one year or longer) be enumerated. Total population counts, as well as counts for all variables collected on a 100% basis, e.g., age, sex, mother tongue and marital status, will be affected by the change in the 1991 Census universe. Until immigration data are released, it will not be possible to know the extent to which differences in the counts are due to the inclusion of non-permanent residents or other factors. Users should be especially careful when comparing data from 1991 and previous censuses in geographic areas where there is a concentration of non-permanent residents. These include the major metropolitan areas in Ontario, Quebec and British Columbia. Although every attempt has been made to enumerate non-permanent residents, factors such as language difficulty and the reluctance to complete a government form or understand the need to participate may affect the enumeration of this population. Non-permanent residents can only be identified through the long questionnaire completed by 20% of Canadian households. An estimate of the size of this population group 1will not be known until the release of census data on immigration in December 1992. 4.3 Incompletely Enumerated Indian Reserves and Indian Settlements On some Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 1991 Census, enumeration was not permitted, or was interrupted before it could be completed. Moreover, some Indian reserves and Indian settlements were enumerated late or the quality of the collected data was considered inadequate. These geographic areas (a total of 78) are called incompletely enumerated Indian reserves and Indian settlements. Data for 1991 are therefore not available for the incompletely enumerated reserves and settlements and are not included in tabulations. Data for geographic areas containing one or more of these reserves and settlements are therefore noted accordingly. Because of the missing data, users are cautioned that for the affected geographic areas, comparisons (e.g., percentage change) between 1986 and 1991 are not exact. While for higher level geographic areas (Canada, provinces, census metropolitan areas and census agglomerations) the impact of the missing data is very small, the impact can be significant for smaller areas, where the affected reserves and settlements account for a higher proportion of the population. A list of incompletely enumerated Indian reserves and Indian settlements along with Population and Occupied Private Dwelling Counts from the last two censuses (where available) has been compiled and is shown in Appendix 1. 4.4 Comparability and Quality of Data on Mother Tongue The mother tongue question reads as follows for the 1991 census: "What is the language that this person first learned at home in childhood and still understands?" This phrasing is similar to that used for the 1986 census, except for the insertion of the expression "at home". Furthermore, an instruction has been added in 1991 following the question: "If this person no longer understands the first language learned, indicate the second language learned". In 1986, this instruction was found in the guide which accompanied the questionnaire. The short questionnaire (Form 2A) contains only one language question: the one on mother tongue. In 1991, it bore the title of Language First Leaned at Home in Childhood. However, the long questionnaire (Form 2B) comprised four language-related questions. The title Language preceded these questions. The question on the mother tongue came last, following the two questions on the knowledge of official and non-official languages, and the question on language spoken most often at home. In 1986, the question on mother tongue (Question 6) preceded questions on the language spoken most often at home and on knowledge of the official languages (Qeustions 18 and 19). In 1991, the boxes corresponding to the three most frequent non-official languages were deleted from the questionnaire. The only two check boxes were the ones referring to English and French; other language responses were recorded by means of a write-in answer space. For the first time, 1in 1991, these answers were coded using an automatic process. An important change was made to the "Algonquian languages, n.i.e." category. This category contains the Oji-Cree language in 1991, which had been assigned to Cree or Ojibway in 1986. ------1981------ ------1986------ ------1991------ 100% 80% 20% 100% 80% 20% 100% 80% 20% ----------------------------------------------------- Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 ----------------------------------------------------- Single response 97.5 97.5 97.8 96.2 96.1 96.6 97.3 97.0 98.8 ----------------------------------------------------- English 60.3 60.3 60.4 60.6 60.6 60.6 60.5 60.6 59.9 ----------------------------------------------------- French 25.2 25.2 25.2 24.3 24.3 24.3 23.8 23.8 24.1 ----------------------------------------------------- Non- official languages 12.1 12.0 12.2 11.3 11.2 11.6 13.0 12.6 14.8 ----------------------------------------------------- Multiple response 2.5 2.5 2.2 3.8 3.9 3.4 2.7 3.0 1.2 ----------------------------------------------------- The table shown below gives the main answer categories of the question on mother tongue. The complete data (100%), the data taken from the short questionnaire (distributed to 80% of households) and the data taken from the long questionnaire (distributed to 20% of households) are included. Some of the figures are approximative [sic]. The 1991 distributions show the notable difference between the data taken from the short form (80%) and the data taken from the long form (20%). The proportion of multiple responses was 3.0% and 1.2% respectively. This difference is probably due to the fact that in the first case, the question on the mother tongue was the only language question asked, while in the second case, other language questions were asked before the question on mother tongue. Respondents would be less likely to report two or more mother tongues if they were first able to indicate their language proficiency. Accordingly, there was a higher proportion of single responses in the responses taken from the long form (20%); this increase applied to French and especially to non-official languages, while a decrease was noted for English. Part of this variation is probably linked to the inclusion of the new question on the knowledge of non-official languages. Between 1981 and 1991, fluctuations were observed in the proportion of multiple responses on the short form (80%). This proportion rose from 2.5% to 3.9% between 1981 and 1986, and dropped back to 3.0% in 1991. These fluctuations are probably due to the modifications made to the questionnaire. Time comparisons become a rather delicate issue due to the changes in certain aspects of the collection and processing of data on mother 1tongue from one census to the next. Therefore, users are advised to exercise caution when analysing historical trends. 4.5 Structural Type of Dwelling Moveable dwellings, one category of structural type of dwellings, were suspected to be under-reported in the 1991 census. This is thought to be due to the misclassification of a number of Mobile Homes as other structural types. For large geographic areas, this error is not expected to have a significant impact upon other dwelling categories because of the relatively large number of dwellings in the area. However, for small geographic areas, the impact may be more pronounced. 4.6 Data Quality Index for Census Subdivisions and Enumeration Areas In general, the census has been able to obtain accurate population and dwelling counts and to maintain high response rates to census questions for all geographic areas in Canada. However, some areas, mostly Indian reserves and Indian settlements, have registered very high non-response rates for some census questions despite the fact that accurate population and dwelling counts were obtained. A data quality index based on a global non-response rate is given for some census subdivisions (CSDs), census tracts (CTs), and enumeration areas (EAs) to reflect this situation. The global non-response rate used for this data quality index T, is the percentage of required responses left unanswered by respondents. Only census questions for publication purposes are used in the calculation of the global non-response rate. The data quality index is expressed by a symbol indicating an interval for T: +: 5% <= T < 25% ++: T >= 25% CSDs, CTs and EAs with no data quality index shown have a global non-response rate lower than 5%. Tabulations for which the data quality index is '+' are to be used with caution. Only population and dwelling counts are released for the CSDs, CTs and EAs for which the data quality index is '++'. Because this non-response is a very localized phenomenon, the data that are not released at the CSD, CT and EA levels are still included in tabulations at all higher geographic levels. These tabulations are not subject to any particular note. 4.7 Census Subdivision Data In a few cases, errors have been found in the 1991 counts for certain census subdivisions. Due to operational constraints, it was not possible to make adjustments to the 1991 census data shown in the tables for these individual areas. Data for the following census subdivisions are known to be in error at the time of printing. For these areas, the original and revised population and dwelling counts are shown. Newfoundland Division no. 1, Subd. V, SUN, Newfoundland 1991 total population reads 180, should read 3 1991 private occupied dwellings read 47, should read 2 1Trepassey, T, Newfoundland 1991 total population reads 1,198, should read 1,375 1991 private occupied dwellings read 338, should read 383 New Brunswick Dufferin, PAR, New Brusnwick 1991 total population reads 861, should read 480 1991 private occupied dwellings read 310, should read 179 Saint Stephen, PAR, New Brusnwick 1991 total population reads 1,437, should read 1,818 1991 private occupied dwellings read 494, should read 625 Blissfield, PAR, New Brusnwick 1991 total population reads 550, should read 647 1991 private occupied dwellings read 203, should read 236 Doaktown, VL, New Brusnwick 1991 total population reads 1,090, should read 993 1991 private occupied dwellings read 420, should read 387 Quebec Wemindji, TR, Quebec 1991 total population reads 0, should read 919 1991 private occupied dwellings read 0, should read 175 Wemindji, VC, Quebec 1991 total population reads 919, should read 0 1991 private occupied dwellings read 175, should read 0 Cote-Saint-Luc, C, Quebec 1991 total population reads 28,700, should read 29,995 1991 private occupied dwellings read 11,672, should read 12,564 Hampstead, V, Quebec 1991 total population reads 8,645, should read 7,219 1991 private occupied dwellings read 3,498, should read 2,549 Montreal, V, Quebec 1991 total population reads 1,017,666, should read 1,018,837 1991 private occupied dwellings read 464,880, should read 464,937 1Ontario Moore, TP, Ontario 1991 total population reads 10,664, should read 10,873 1991 private occupied dwellings read 3,564, should read 3,627 Sarnia-Clearwater, C, Ontario 1991 total population reads 74,376, should read 74,167 1991 private occupied dwellings read 28,500, should read 28,437 Port McNicoll, VL, Ontario 1991 total population reads 1,786, should read 1,829 1991 private occupied dwellings read 623, should read 653 Tay, TP, Ontario 1991 total population reads 7,017, should read 6,974 1991 private occupied dwellings read 2,665, should read 2,635 York, C, Ontario 1991 total population reads 140,525, should read 139,819 1991 private occupied dwellings read 56,335, should read 56,075 North York, C, Ontario 1991 total population reads 562,564, should read 563,270 1991 private occupied dwellings read 204,067, should read 204,327 Manitoba Fisher River 44, R, Manitoba 1991 total population reads 441, should read 834 1991 private occupied dwellings read 115, should read 240 Fisher River 44A, R, Manitoba 1991 total population reads 409, should read 16 1991 private occupied dwellings read 128, should read 3 Saskatchewan Macklin, T, Saskatchewan 1991 total population reads 1,105, should read 1,117 Eye Hill No. 382, RM, Saskatchewan 1991 total population reads 725, should read 713 Divison No. 18, Unorganized, UNO, Saskatchewan 11991 total population reads 1,411, should read 1,447 1991 private occupied dwellings read 451, should read 461 Weyakwin, NH, Saskatchewan 1991 total population reads 203, should read 167 1991 private occupied dwellings read 75, should read 65 Biggar, T, Saskatchewan 1991 total population reads 2,322, should read 2,351 1991 private occupied dwellings read 967, should read 975 Biggar No. 347, RM, Saskatchewan 1991 total population reads 1,086, should read 1,057 1991 private occupied dwellings read 298, should read 290 Vonda, T, Saskatchewan 1991 total population reads 125, should read 267 1991 private occupied dwellings read 36, should read 114 Grant No. 372, RM, Saskatchewan 1991 total population reads 702, should read 560 1991 private occupied dwellings read 235, should read 157 British Columbia Greater Vancouver, Subd. A, SDR, British Columbia 1991 total population reads 2,459, should read 2,463 1991 private occupied dwellings read 963, should read 965 Port Moody, C, British Columbia 1991 total population reads 17,712, should read 17,708 1991 private occupied dwellings read 6,201, should read 6,199 1Appendix 1: Incompletely enumerated Indian reserves and Indian settlements, 1981 and 1986 population and occupied private dwelling counts Province Incompletely enumerated Occupied Indian reserves and Population private dwellings Indian settlements 1981 1986 1981 1986 New Brunswick Big Hole Tract 8 48 52 16 16 Burnt Church 14 637 * 96 * Eel Ground 2 293 328 79 90 Kingsclear 6 259 * 52 * Toblque 20 457 542 139 165 Quebec Akwesasne (Partie) 1,370 * 345 * Kahnawake 14 5,218 * 2,790 * Kanesatake 618 * 167 * Lac-Rapide 260 * 50 * Wendake 960 1,035 302 363 Ontario Akwesasne (Part) 716 * 217 * Bear Island 1 139 * 34 * Big Trout Lake 718 * 166 * Chippewas of the Thames First Nation 42 661 591 180 178 Garden River 14 749 588 177 166 Golden Lake 39 219 236 66 73 Goulais Bay 15A 20 * 7 * Kenora 38B 186 191 38 40 Kettle Point 44 785 * 210 * Kingfisher 1 255 * 86 * Lac Seul 28 302 519 70 120 Long Dog Lake .. - .. - MacDowell Lake 28 - .. - Matachewan 72 22 13 7 6 Mississagi River 8 191 195 48 61 Munsee-Delaware Nation 1 .. 157 .. 48 Naiscoutainq 17A .. 2 .. 1 North Spirit Lake .. 203 .. 42 Oneida 41 991 * 258 * Osnaburg 63A ... ... ... ... Rankin Location 15D 366 * 105 * Shawanaga 17 77 85 28 25 Sheguiandah 24 82 * 22 * Sheshegwaning 20 89 71 24 25 Shoal Lake 34B 2 122 161 30 41 Six Nations (Part) 40 (Haldimand-Norfolk R.M.) 710 479 209 146 Six Nations (Part) 40 (Brant County) 3,725 3,702 1,128 1,210 Spanish River 5 674 717 132 159 The Dalles 38C .. 41 .. 9 Thessalon 12 26 26 6 7 Tyendinaga 38 1,037 882 320 311 1 Wapekeka 1 .. 12 .. 4 Wapekeka 2 194 * 35 * Whitefish Bay 32A 409 378 74 104 Manitoba Roseau Rapids 2A 66 * 11 * Roseau River 2 310 * 62 * Valley River 63A 201 184 40 37 Saskatchewan Big Head 124 246 339 39 56 Alberta Beaver Lake 131 214 * 45 * Ermineskin 138 719 * 139 * Heart Lake 167 80 * 22 * Kehiwin 123 585 507 95 110 Montana 139 258 * 55 * Puskiakiwenin 122 190 222 28 36 Samson 137 1,990 * 379 * Samson 137A 17 * 3 * Sucker Creek 150A 274 299 66 79 Unipouheos 121 462 406 74 77 White Fish Lake 128 734 * 128 * British Columbia Becher Bay 1 81 * 24 * Campbell River 11 109 123 28 38 Chekwelp 26 38 35 18 18 Esquimalt 36 * 12 * Katit 1 43 * 12 * Malahat 11 88 * 17 * Marble Canyon 3 .. * .. * Mount Currie 1 231 * 50 * Mount Currie 10 433 * 82 * Mount Currie 2 .. * .. * Mount Currie 6 ... ... ... ... Mount Currie 8 104 * .. * Nesuch 3 .. * .. * Pacheena 1 188 - 57 1 Sliammon1 723 646 200 222 Sooke 1 29 * 8 * Sooke 2 ... ... ... ... Stone 1 184 186 36 38 Yukon Territory Two Mile Village .. 85 .. 26 _________________________ .. Figures not available. ... Figures not appropriate or not applicable. - Nil or zero. * Incompletely enumerated Indian reserve or Indian settlement. For further information, see the "Special Notes" section. 1 5. Index of Variables (in alphabetical order by variable label) V175 # families - size of economic family, 2 persons V176 # families - size of economic family, 3 persons V177 # families - size of economic family, 4 persons V178 # families - size of econ fam, 5 or more persons V122 # hhlds - non-census family household V128 # hhlds - size of census family, 2 persons V129 # hhlds - size of census family, 3 persons V130 # hhlds - size of census family, 4 persons V131 # hhlds - size of census family, 5 or more persons V123 # hhlds - 1 census family household V124 # hhlds - 2 or more census family households V171 # non-family pers 65+ - living w non-relatives onl V163 # non-family persons - living with relatives V164 # non-family persons - living w non-relatives only V165 # non-family persons - living alone V170 # non-family persons 65+ - living with relatives V172 # non-family persons 65+ - living alone V162 # persons - number of non-family persons, total V166 # persons - number of family persons V121 # priv hhlds - size of household, 6 or more person V120 # private hhlds - size of household, 4 or 5 person V117 # private households - size of household, 1 person V118 # private households - size of household, 2 person V119 # private households - size of household, 3 person V160 Average # sons/daughters @ home per census family V126 Average number of persons per household V167 Average number of persons per census family V180 Average number of persons per economic family BLANK1 Blank BLANK2 Blank BLANK3 Blank CCS Census consolidated subdivision (CCS) code CD Census division (CD) code CMA Census metropolitan area/census agglomeration code CSD Census subdivision (CSD) code CSDTYPE Census subdivision (CSD) type CTNAME Census tract/provincial census tract (CT/PCT) name CTCODE Census tract/provincial census tract (CT/PCT) code CMAPART CMA/CA part code CMATYPE CMA/CA type code EA Enumeration area (EA) code FED Federal electoral district (FED) code V151 Female lone-parent families with 1 son or daughter V152 Female lone-parent families with 2 sons/daughters V153 Female lone-parent families with 3+ sons/daughters IEF Incomplete enumeration flag V147 Male lone-parent families with 1 son/daughter V148 Male lone-parent families with 2 sons/daughters V149 Male lone-parent families with 3+ sons/daughters V98 Mother tongue - multiple responses, total V71 Mother tongue - non-official langs, single, total V103 Mother tongue - non-official languages V97 Mother tongue - other languages 1 V68 Mother tongue - single responses, total V82 Mother tongue - Arabic V91 Mother tongue - Athapaskan languages, n.i.e. V92 Mother tongue - Bulgarian V73 Mother tongue - Chinese V94 Mother tongue - Chipewyan V85 Mother tongue - Cree V95 Mother tongue - Dogrib V79 Mother tongue - Dutch V69 Mother tongue - English single responses V99 Mother tongue - English and French V100 Mother tongue - English & non-official language(s) V102 Mother tongue - English, French & non-off. lang(s) V88 Mother tongue - Finnish V70 Mother tongue - French single responses V101 Mother tongue - French & non-official language(s) V74 Mother tongue - German V80 Mother tongue - Greek V84 Mother tongue - Hungarian V89 Mother tongue - Inuktitut V72 Mother tongue - Italian V96 Mother tongue - Kutchin-Gwich''in (Loucheux) V90 Mother tongue - Montagnais-Naskapi V76 Mother tongue - Polish V75 Mother tongue - Portuguese V81 Mother tongue - Punjabi V87 Mother tongue - Russian V93 Mother tongue - South Slave V78 Mother tongue - Spanish V83 Mother tongue - Tagalog (Pilipino) V77 Mother tongue - Ukrainian V86 Mother tongue - Vietnamese V173 Number of family persons 65 years and over V169 Number of non-family persons 65 years and over V125 Number of persons in private households V43 Population - female 0-4 years of age V45 Population - female 10-14 years of age V46 Population - female 15 years of age V47 Population - female 16 years of age V48 Population - female 17 years of age V49 Population - female 18 years and over V50 Population - female 18-19 years of age V51 Population - female 20-24 years of age V52 Population - female 25-29 years of age V53 Population - female 30-34 years of age V54 Population - female 35-39 years of age V55 Population - female 40-44 years of age V56 Population - female 45-49 years of age V44 Population - female 5-9 years of age V57 Population - female 50-54 years of age V58 Population - female 55-59 years of age V59 Population - female 60-64 years of age V60 Population - female 65-74 years of age V61 Population - female 75-84 years of age V62 Population - female 85 years and over 1 V42 Population - female, total V22 Population - male 0-4 years of age V24 Population - male 10-14 years of age V25 Population - male 15 years of age V26 Population - male 16 years of age V27 Population - male 17 years of age V28 Population - male 18 years and over V29 Population - male 18-19 years of age V30 Population - male 20-24 years of age V31 Population - male 25-29 years of age V32 Population - male 30-34 years of age V33 Population - male 35-39 years of age V34 Population - male 40-44 years of age V35 Population - male 45-49 years of age V23 Population - male 5-9 years of age V36 Population - male 50-54 years of age V37 Population - male 55-59 years of age V38 Population - male 60-64 years of age V39 Population - male 65-74 years of age V40 Population - male 75-84 years of age V41 Population - male 85 years and over V21 Population - male, total V63 Population 15+ - single (never married) V67 Population 15+ divorced V64 Population 15+ legally married (& not separated) V65 Population 15+ legally married and separated V66 Population 15+ widowed RP Region and province code V108 Tot occup priv dwell - single-detached house V109 Tot occup priv dwell - semi-detached house V111 Tot occup priv dwell - apartment, detached duplex V114 Tot occup priv dwell - other single attached house V174 Total # economic families in private households V141 Total cl families with sons and daughters at home V139 Total families of common-law couples V133 Total h-w families of now-married couples V134 Total h-w families without sons/daughters at home V135 Total h-w families with sons and daughters at home V136 Total h-w families with 1 son or daughter V137 Total h-w families with 2 sons and/or daughters V138 Total h-w families with 3 or more sons/daughters V132 Total husband-wife families V145 Total lone-parent families V150 Total lone-parent families - female parent V154 Total number never-married sons/daughters at home V104 Total number of occupied private dwellings V161 Total number of persons in private households V168 Total number of persons 65 years and over V179 Total number of persons in economic families V116 Total number of private households V181 Total number of unattached individuals V105 Total occupied private dwellings - owned V106 Total occupied private dwellings - rented V107 Total occupied private dwellings - band housing V110 Total occupied private dwellings - row house 1 V115 Total occupied private dwell - movable dwelling V20 Total population V155 Total sons/daughters under 6 years of age at home V156 Total sons/daughters 6-14 years of age at home V157 Total sons/daughters 15-17 years of age at home V158 Total sons/daughters 18-24 years of age at home V159 Total sons/daughters 25 years and over at home V142 Ttl cl families with 1 son or daughter V143 Ttl cl families with 2 sons and/or daughters V144 Ttl cl families with 3 or more sons/daughters V140 Ttl cl families without sons and daughters at home V146 Ttl lone parent families - male parent V127 Ttl number of census families in private hhlds V112 TOPD - apartment building, five or more storeys V113 TOPD - apartment building, less than five storeys UAC Urban area code/rural indicator DQ2A 2A data quality flag DQ2B 2B data quality flag