Canadian Monthly Climate Data 
                         and 1961-1990 Normals 
          User Manual For the CD-ROM Data Access Software V3.0E

                    Copyright 1994, Environment Canada

Introduction

This documentation consists of two sections.  The first describes
how to use the software, the second provides information about
the climate normals.

                                 SECTION I

                            Using the Software

1. Installing the Software

To start installation, insert the software diskette into your
floppy drive and run the INSTALL program (e.g.,Type a:\Install if
the software diskette is in drive A.). You will be presented with
a desktop containing a menu bar and a status line.  Use either
<F10> or a mouse to select Install from the menu bar, then the
mouse or <Enter> to open the Install dialogue box.  Change the
default drives, if necessary.  The software will be installed on
your hard disk in directory CMCD unless you change the name in
this dialogue box.  Use <Tab> or the mouse to move to the appro-
priate spot in the dialogue box.  Press <Start Install> to start
installation. When you finish the installation, press <OK> to
exit the installation screen.  Pressing the <OK> button to exit
will create a configuration file (CONFIG3.CFG) for your CDROMCMC
system.

The installation program will create the following subdirectories
within the directory you specified.

     NSTNLST - stores normals station lists prepared by users.
     MSTNLST - stores monthly average station lists prepared by
     users.
     PRMLST - stores parameter lists prepared by users.
     OUTPUT - stores any data files created by users. 
     MISC - stores files for report attributes.

INSTALL creates a batch file with the same name as the working
directory (CMCD.BAT, if the default is used).  This file runs the
software. If you wish to be able to run it from other direc-
tories, make the appropriate modification to the PATH statement
(e.g. add ";C:\CMCD") in your AUTOEXEC.BAT file.

2. Using the Software - Basic Features

     2.1 Start-up and Navigation

To run the program, change to the CMCD directory (or equivalent
if you have renamed it) and type CMCD (or equivalent). A desktop
containing various items on the menu bar (top) and the status
line (bottom) will appear.  All these items respond to mouse
clicking.  Keyboard users can press <F10> to activate the menu
bar, the arrow keys to move along it and <Enter> to open the
individual menus.  <Alt> plus the first letter of the menu-bar
item can also be used.

Selecting a menu item usually opens a dialogue box.  In general,
this program employs commonly used dialogue box navigation and
selection procedures.  For example most box features can be
selected by either clicking or double clicking the mouse.  For
keyboard users, use <Tab> or <Shift><Tab> to move around, and use
<Enter> to activate buttons or to select items from lists. The
<Cancel> button will exit the dialogue box without retaining
changes you have made to the current selections.  Exiting with
the <OK> button sets the program to these changes.

It is recommended that you explore the contents of all the menus.
Many questions you may have about the program's capabilities, how
to use the program, output formats, etc. are answered in help
screens.

     2.2 Selecting a Region and District

This software accesses either average values of climate parame-
ters from the 1961-90 period (normals), or averages for individ-
ual months.  Before selecting data from an individual station,
you must first choose a region and a district.  From the Utility
menu, choose either Normal Station Selection or Data Station
Selection.  This opens the Select Station dialogue box.  Next
choose the Select Region button (bottom centre). This in turn
opens the Select Region and District dialogue box.  Use the mouse
or keyboard to select a region.  It will appear in the Selected
Region List box.  Similarly, a district can be selected and will
appear in the Selected District List box.

A station look-up screen is available (XREF) in case you are not
sure which District a station is listed in, or exactly how a
station name is spelled. Instructions for XREF use are contained
in on-screen Help.

If you prefer to type the region ID and the district ID instead
of selecting them from the list boxes, you may do so by moving
your cursor to the blue input boxes and entering the appropriate
ID. 

When you are satisfied with your selection, use the <OK> button
to return to the Select Station dialogue box.
 
     2.3 Station Selection

The station selection dialogue box includes two list boxes, data
input areas (blue), and some buttons.  If a region and district
have been chosen as described above, the top list box will
display a list of the stations in that district.  Double clicking
(or using <Enter>) on a station will add it to a list of selected
stations in the lower list box.  To remove a station from the
selected list, use the <Del> key. To remove all the stations from
the selected list use the <Del.List> button. To move all the
stations listed in the current station list box, double click the
Current District list box (or use <Enter>).

The Time Period input line allows you to limit the stations in
the Station List box to those with period of record started
between the From and To dates. 

The <Get List> button allows you to retrieve stations from a
previously saved list.  The <Save List> button allows you to save
the selected station list into a file on disk.   Both the <Get
List> and <Save List> buttons pop up a "File Retrieving/Saving
dialogue" box that lists all the files in the station list
subdirectory NSTNLST or MSTNLST. If you are saving a list, you
must type in a DOS file name.

It is not recommended that you use a saved list that was created
by a previous version of the program as there may be changes in
dates and other information which will conflict with those of the
current versions of the program and compact disk. 

Once you are satisfied with your selections, exit the Station
Selection dialogue box using the <OK> button.

     2.4 Normal Data Display

Once a station has been selected the Normal menu from the desktop
is used to display the data.  <Page Up> <Page Down> <Home> <End>
and the arrow keys can be used to navigate in the display, as can
the scroll bars if you have a mouse.  Data are displayed for one
group of parameters at a time, e.g., temperature or precipita-
tion.  Use the <f> or <b> key to move from one group to another. 
Use <p> and <n> to change stations, if you have previously chosen
more than one.  You can also press <s> to retrieve your station
list, facilitating changes from one station to another.  These
controls are listed in Help.

Exit the report display by using <ALT><F3>, or by clicking the
green square at the top left.

     2.5 Monthly Data Display

Once a list of "data" stations has been selected, the first item
in the desktop MlyAverage menu is used to display the monthly and
average values for a given year.   Data can be changed in a
similar  fashion to the Normal report, except that the <+> and <-
> keys are used to display the next and previous years' values
respectively.
  
The second selection from the MlyAverage menu, User-Calculated
Means, displays a report similar to that of the Normals display.
It differs in several ways however. The normals are calculated
for a fixed period from 1961 to 1990, whereas the user-calculated
means can be calculated for different time periods chosen by the
user.

For the normals, if there are not at least 20 years' data for a
particular month and parameter in the 1961 to 1990 period, the
statistical values, e.g. the mean maximum temperature for Jan-
uary, are not calculated but are replaced with an entry of N for
incomplete in the report. For user-calculated means all the
available data within the chosen period are used and a mean will
be entered in the report based on the available years' data. Due
to memory constraints only 33 monthly parameters or 5 hourly
parameters can be chosen for this menu item at one time. 

When the first user-calculated means are displayed, the default
1961-to-1990 period is used.  The user can then call up a dia-
logue box to alter the period by pressing <t> and making the
appropriate entries for the beginning and ending years. The
changes will remain in effect for subsequent stations until you
change the periods again.

The third selection from the MlyAverage menu displays a Year-
Month matrix for selected parameters.  The default period of
record used for display is from 1961 to 1990.  Again, data can be
changed in a similar fashion to the Normal report, except the
period can be modified once the 1961-90 data are displayed for
the first station by pressing <t> and selecting the beginning and
ending years of record from the year list, or entering these
years into the input boxes.  Also, in this case, for the hourly
data (parameters 105-123) and the wind direction data (parameter
75-76), <+> and <-> are used to page the data.

3.0 Using the Software - Other Features

     3.1 The File Menu

The desktop File menu contains <Save Report As>, <Print>,
<Printer Setup> and <Exit>.  <Save Report As> and <Print> are
functional only when a report is displayed on the screen.
  
  -<Save Report As> - saves the report that appears on the
  screen, to a file on disk in the subdirectory OUTPUT. Enter a
  DOS file name on the input line in the Save Report As dialogue
  box.
  -<Print> - prints report on the screen to a printer connected
  to ports LPT1 or LPT2. Print attributes can be temporarily
  modified.
  -<Printer Setup> - provides a dialogue that allows you to
  select printer and setup printer attributes.  The printer
  attributes chosen are saved for future use.
  
     3.2 Climate Parameter Selection

The Utilities/Select Parameters dialogue box defaults to have all
climate parameters selected for display or output, as indicated
by the check marks in front of each parameter name. 

To delete all the parameters for a given element (such as
temperature) from the selection, first move the radio button from
"All Parameters..." to "Edit Parameters...". Then move to the
element in the Element List box, choose the desired element, and
press <Delete> or the space bar key.  To select a block, press
<M> or <Insert>.  To select all the parameters after you have
deselected some parameters, simply move the radio button to "All
Parameters...".  <Delete> or space bar, <M> or <Insert>, can also
be used to delete or add individual parameters.

The <Save Params> button allows you to save a list of parameters
you selected to a file (in the PRMLST subdirectory) for future
use.  The <Retrieve Params> button allows you to retrieve a list.

The <XREF> button lets you display the corresponding ID numbers
used in LTM, LTH and other National Climate Data Archive formats.
The LTM/LTH format (also called "AES Format") is a special format
used primarily within Environment Canada. Many climate parameters
contained in it are multiplied by the conversion factors listed
in XREF. For more details on the LTM/LTH format, please refer to
the Help screens for the AES Format in the dialogue boxes of the
Export menu.

The <File> button lets you create a disk file containing the
parameter numbers, names, LTM numbers and the scale factors for
Normals and Monthly data. The <Print> button sends a copy of this
disk file to the printer. The <Deselect All> button deselects all
the previously selected parameters.  This function works in the
same way as the save and retrieve station list described previ-
ously.     

     3.3 Normal/MlyAverage Report Attributes

These dialogue boxes are selected from the Utilities menu. They
allow you to choose to include Period of Record in various
formats in your data display area, arrange your data in various
formats (by month or by hour), and (for the Normals) to select
the type of data (e.g., means, standard deviations) you wish to
see in your report. The attributes of reports you selected can be
saved to a file you specified in the MISC subdirectory.  You may
retrieve these attributes from an attribute file created earlier.

     3.4 Export

The desktop Export menu provides a way to copy to disk normal or
monthly data in several ASCII formats: namely blank-delimited,
comma-delimited, LTM and LTH. (Note that the two export choices
labelled "AES Format" produce data in ASCII, even though they are
not named so named.) For information on the LTM/LTH format, see
"Climate Parameter Selection", above.  Use the <Help> button to
display more information about the various types of Export
formats.

When you choose one of the export formats, a Copy screen appears
that allows you to choose a number of format options. In the case
of the two ASCII-labelled selections, selecting <Header in File>
allows you to specify whether you wish to see the header informa-
tion of the station you copy to appear on the first line of the
record in the export file. The header includes the station ID,
its name, the latitude and longitude in degrees and minutes, the
elevation, and period of observation.

You may choose to select without header and have only the data
and the station ID included.  Note that stations to be displayed
can be selected using the Select Stations button in the Copy
dialogue boxes or using the selections made from the utilities
menu.

If all selections in the Copy screen are checked, the output for
blank-delimited and comma-delimited normals would consist of:
  
  - station ID,
  - the climate parameter ID (as listed in the Select Parameter 
  dialogue box),
  - the data type (as described in the Copy (Export) dialogue
  box),
  - wind direction or hour of the day (set to zero for daily
  values),
  - beginning year and ending year or number of years,
  - the 12 monthly (and sometimes one annual average) climate
  parameter values. These latter values may be accompanied by
  flags.
  
For the corresponding monthly data the exported data lines will
consist of the following, if all selections are made:
  
  - station ID,
  - parameter ID,
  - wind direction or hour of the day,
  - year,
  - 12 or 13 climate data values, sometimes accompanied by data
  flags.
  
All the parameters will be used for the copying function if you
did not use the Select Parameter menu item (as discussed previ-
ously) or the <Select Parameters> button to remove those you wish
to exclude.

After selecting stations and parameters, use <Start Copying> to
copy ASCII data to file on disk.  The <Cancel> and <OK> buttons
work in the same way as described in Start-up and Navigation.
                               SECTION II
                                    
                 The Canadian Climate Normals 1961-1990
                           & Monthly Averages

1. Introduction 

"Normals" is the term commonly used for values of climatic
elements averaged over a fixed, standard period of years.  In the
1930's, the 30-year period from 1901 to 1930 was selected as the
first international standard period.  The selection of this 
number of years was somewhat arbitrary, however it was considered
sufficiently long to eliminate year-to-year variations. In 1960
it was agreed that countries should continue to use 30-year
periods, but that normals should be updated every decade rather
than every 30 years, beginning with the period 1931 to 1960.

In Canada in the first part of this century there was a limited
number of stations with observations over the 1901-1930 period. 
As a result, averages were computed based on all available data,
rather than the normals period.  The first set of 30-year normals
was computed for the 1921-1950 period, using adding machines. 
Sets were produced after the end of each subsequent decade.  The
first computer for climate applications was installed in 1965, in
part to facilitate normals production. 

This is one of a series of products (publications, diskettes, CD-
ROMs) containing the 1961-90 normals for over a thousand loca-
tions across Canada.  Included here are sites for which there are
at least 20 years of data available in the 1961-1990 period. 
Stations are grouped by region as follows:  The Atlantic Prov-
inces, British Columbia, Ontario, Alberta, Saskatchewan and
Manitoba, Quebec, and Yukon and Northwest Territories.  

2. Climate Elements

Except where labelled "extreme", values of the climate elements
are averages for the 1961-90 period, or for a portion of that
period no shorter than 20 years.  Extreme values are the highest
or lowest occurrence for all years for which data were available. 
Extremes whose corresponding means are missing should be used
with caution.  They are often derived from less than twenty years
of observations, and may not be indicative of occurrences which
could be expected over longer periods.  

The starting and ending dates for station observing programs are
for the total period of observation, and hence refer to the
period used to calculate the extreme values.  

Symbols used with the data include "+" to indicate a value
occurred more than once in a given period and "M" to indicate
there are no data for the period.  "N" or "X" indicates that some
data do exist, but not enough to derive a value.  See "Missing
Data" below for more information.  In cases where a "+" appears,
dates given are for the most recent event. Where a "*" replaces a
number in the "days with" section, the quantity is less than one.

In the following discussion, stations are categorized as either
"ordinary" or "principal".  The former are typically stations
that record daily temperature and/or precipitation amounts.  In
contrast principal stations take hourly observations for all or
parts of the day.  In the following tables, stations for which
elements such as pressure, relative humidity and wind are
included are usually principal. 

   2.1 Temperature
 
Temperatures are measured in a louvred box called a Stevenson
screen, mounted 1.5 m above the ground, which is usually a level,
grassy surface.  At most ordinary stations the maximum tempera-
ture is the highest recorded in a 24-hour period ending in the
morning of the next day.  The minimum values are for a period of
the same length, beginning in the evening of the previous day. 
Mean temperature is the average of the two.  At most principal
stations the maximum and minimum temperatures are for a day
beginning at 0600 Greenwich (or Universal) Mean Time, which is
within a few hours of midnight local standard time in Canada. 

Dry-bulb temperature, like daily maximum and minimum tempera-
tures, is measured in the Stevenson screen, which protects the
thermometers from direct sunlight.  Dry-bulb temperatures are
recorded hourly at principal climate stations.  Values given are
hourly averages for each month and year, for all hours combined,
and for each individual hour.

  2.2 Degree-Days

Degree-days for a given day represent the number of Celsius
degrees that the mean temperature is above or below a given base. 
For example, heating degree-days are the number of degrees below
18C.  If the temperature is equal to or greater than 18C, then
the number will be zero.  Values above or below the base of 18C
are used primarily to estimate the heating and cooling require-
ments of buildings. Values above 5C are frequently called growing
degree-days, and are used in agriculture as an index of crop
growth.  Values in the tables represent the average accumulation
of degree-days, above or below a selection of base temperatures,
for a given month or year.

  2.3 Season of Minimum Temperature Above 0C

Averages and extremes are given for the beginning and ending
dates of the annual cycle in which the minimum temperature,
measured in the Stevenson screen 1.5 m above ground, rises above
0C and remains there for an extended period.  These data are
often used in agricultural applications.  Caution is advised
since minimum temperatures at ground level are usually colder.

  2.4 Precipitation

Rain, drizzle, freezing rain, freezing drizzle and hail are
usually measured using the standard Canadian rain gauge, a
cylindrical container 40 cm high and 11.3 cm in diameter.  The
precipitation is funnelled into a plastic graduate which serves
as the measuring device.  Snowfall is the measured depth of newly
fallen snow, measured using a snow ruler.  Measurements are made
at several points which appear representative of the immediate
area, and then averaged.  "Precipitation" in the tables is the
water equivalent of all types of precipitation.

At most ordinary stations the water equivalent of snowfall is
computed by dividing the measured amount by ten.  At principal
stations it is usually determined by melting the snow that falls
into Nipher gauges.  These are precipitation gauges designed to
minimize turbulence around the orifice, and to be high enough
above the ground to prevent most blowing snow from entering.  The
amount of snow as determined by this method normally provides a
more accurate estimate of precipitation than using the
"ten-to-one" rule.  Even at ordinary stations the normals pre-
cipitation values will not always be equal to rainfall plus one
tenth snowfall.  Missing observations is one cause of such
discrepancies.  

Precipitation measurements are usually made four times daily at
principal stations.  At ordinary sites they are usually made once
or twice per day.  Rainfall, snowfall and precipitation amounts
given represent the average accumulation for a given month or
year.

  2.5 Snow Cover

Snow cover is the depth of accumulated snow on the ground,
measured at several points, which appear representative of the
immediate area, and then averaged. End-of-month values are given.

  2.6 Number of Days With Specified Parameters

These give the average number of days per month or year on which
a specific meteorological event occurs.  

- In the case of rainfall and precipitation, 0.2 mm or more must
occur before a "day with" is counted.  The corresponding figure
for snowfall is 0.2 cm.  
- A day with freezing precipitation is counted if there is an
occurrence of 0.2 mm or more of rain or drizzle, which turns to
ice on contact with the underlying surface.
- Fog for this purpose is defined as a suspension of very small
water droplets reducing the horizontal visibility to less than 1
km.
- A day with thunderstorms occurs if thunder is heard.
- Days with smoke/haze, blowing dust or blowing snow are counted
if the horizontal visibility is reduced to 10 km or less by these
elements.
- A day with hail is counted when hail, ice pieces 5 mm or more
in diameter, occur at the observing site.

  2.7  Pressure

Station pressure is the force exerted on the earth's surface by a
column of air of unit cross-sectional area extending from the
surface of the earth to the outer limit of the atmosphere.  It is
given in kilopascals: one kilopascal is equal to 10 millibars,
0.2953 inches of mercury, or 0.145 pounds per square inch.  The
standard instrument for the measurement of atmospheric pressure
is the mercury barometer, in which the air pressure is balanced
against the weight of a column of mercury in a glass tube that
contains a vacuum.

Sea level pressure is computed by adding to the observed station
pressure the equivalent weight of an air column extending from
sea level to the station elevation.  

Values are monthly averages computed from individual hourly
observations.

  2.8 Moisture

Vapour pressure is the pressure exerted by the moisture in the
air.  It increases with both atmospheric temperature and moisture
content.  It is related to relative humidity in that the latter
is the ratio of the actual value of vapour pressure to its value
if the air were saturated at the same temperature.  For a note on
the unit of measurement, see the section on station pressure. 

Relative humidity and vapour pressure are derived from standard
air temperature measurements, and directly measured moisture
parameters, such as wet-bulb temperature.  Dew-point temperature,
similarly derived, is also an indicator of moisture in the air.

  2.9 Wind

The majority of wind measurements are made by anemometers
installed at ten metres above the ground.  A substantial minority
of sites have instruments installed at other heights, usually
greater than ten metres.  Wind in the first ten's of metres above
the ground tends to increase in speed and veer with height.

Winds are normally measured at level, open sites removed as much
as possible from obstacles to wind flow such as trees, buildings,
or hills.  
 
At the majority of principal stations, wind is measured by taking
a one- or (since 1985) two-minute mean at each observation, from
a U2A anemometer.  At other wind-measuring sites, values are
usually obtained from autographic records of U2A or 45B anemom-
eters.  Averaging periods may vary from one minute to an hour. 
Winds measured by U2A's are recorded to the nearest ten degrees,
while those from the 45B provide them to eight points of the com-
pass. The extreme gust speed is the instantaneous peak wind
observed from the anemometer dials, or abstracted from a con-
tinuous chart recording.

Where directions were measured more precisely than eight points,
they have been converted to this format.  The direction is
defined as that from which the wind blows.

   2.10 Sunshine and Solar Radiation 

In Canada, bright sunshine observations are made using the
Campbell-Stokes sunshine recorder, first developed in 1863.  It
consists of a 10-cm glass sphere which focuses sunlight on a card
calibrated in hours.  Sunlight burns a trace on the card, allow-
ing the observer to determine to the nearest tenth of an hour the
amount of sunshine that occurs on a given day.  It should be
noted that the recorder measures only "bright" sunshine, which is
less than "visible" sunshine.  For example, sunshine immediately
after sunrise and just before sunset would not be bright enough
to register.  Values given are the totals for each month and
year.

Solar radiation, which is a measure of the sun's electro-magnetic
energy, is available for a small number of stations across
Canada.  These data are presented for each measured radiation
field, namely, global (RF1), diffuse (RF2), reflected (RF3), and
net (RF4) radiation.

  2.11 Visibility and Cloud Cover

The number of hours (or observations) in three classes, of
visibility in kilometres (< 1 km, 1-9 km, > 9 km), and cloud
cover in tenths of sky covered (0-2/10, 3-7/10, 8-10/10), are
computed for principal stations.  

  2.12 Soil Temperature

Monthly averages of soil temperatures measured at a selection of
standard depths (5, 10, 20, 50, 100, 150 and 300 cm) are given. 
Morning and afternoon averages are also given for depths of 5, 10
and 20 cm.

  2.13 Evaporation

Monthly averages of calculated lake evaporation (mm) derived from
evaporation pan measurements are given.  Lake evaporation repre-
sents water loss from ponds and small reservoirs but not large
lakes.  Lake evaporation tends in general to be about a third
less than measured pan evaporation.

3. Accuracy and Representativeness of Data

The normals values are derived from data in the national climato-
logical archive of Environment Canada.  While considerable effort
is made to ensure the accuracy of these data, no guarantee can be
given that they are error free.  

The question of the extent to which climate elements measured at
one site are representative of surrounding locations is often
raised.  There is no simple answer to this question, with factors
such as the magnitude of the distance from the observing site,
homogeneity of the terrain, and nature of the element having to
be considered.  For example, over rough ground or in a built-up
area, wind speeds can vary dramatically over distances of a few
metres.  In contrast, air temperature tends to be a less variable
weather element.  Over flat, uniform terrain temperature measure-
ments at a single site may be representative of conditions tens
of kilometres, or even further, away.
Expert advice should be sought when using these data at locations
where representativeness is in question.   

4. Missing Data

Except for extremes, the following rules were used to determine
whether monthly values would be calculated.  In the case of daily
temperatures (maximum, minimum and mean values) the "three-five
rule" was used, i.e., a month was counted as missing if more than
five daily observations were missing (more than three, if con-
secutive). 

In the case of average monthly amounts of rain, snow and precipi-
tation, months were excluded if one or more days were missing.
The same method was used for elements which are accumulative,
such as degree-days and "days with".  In the case of extreme
values, no data were excluded from the selection process.   The
"three-five" rule was used for most of the remaining elements.  

5. Copyright

The contents of Canadian Climate Normals diskettes may only be
reproduced for the personal use of the original owner.  Any other
reproduction permitted only with the written consent of Environ-
ment Canada.

6. Acknowledgements

The 1961-90 normals project was made possible by the efforts of
many people in all parts of Canada, in particular those who made
the weather observations, quality controlled the collected data,
and were responsible for the communications and computer systems
on which the information was distributed and stored. This product
was developed by the Climate Information Branch under the
direction of Linda Stirling.

     - Project manager:                 Mal Berry 
     - Primary software development:    Lisa Ang 
     - Other contributors:              Krystyna Czaja
                                        Anna Deptuch-Stapf
                                        Malcolm Geast
                                        Don Gullett
                                        Tom Mathews
                                        Fernando Proietto
                                        Phil Sajecki
                                        Gary Teeter

Particular thanks go to the climate specialists in the Atmos-
pheric Environment Service's regional offices, who provided
extensive advice.  A headquarters-based AES Climate Normals User
Advisory Committee also provided valuable input.

7. Registration, Obtaining Technical Support, Additional Climate
Information

It would be appreciated if you registered this software. Please,
see the REGISTER file.

To the extent resources permit, technical information about this
product will be provided by the Climate Information Branch, call
(416) 739-4328 or 4331, fax 739-4446.

Normals data are also available in printed form and on diskettes. 
To obtain local information or information on the other services
of the Atmospheric Environment Program, please contact one of the
following regional offices.  Enquiries requiring data from more
than one region can be addressed to the national office. 

National Office

Climate Information Branch
Canadian Meteorological Centre
4905 Dufferin St
Downsview, ON
M3H 5T4

Regional Offices

  Pacific & Yukon Region

Climate and Applications
Suite 700-1200 W 73rd Ave
Vancouver, BC
V6P 6H9

  Prairies & Northern Region

Climate Services
Twin Atria Building
Room 200/4999 - 98th Ave
Edmonton, AB
T6B 2X3

Climate Services
Room 1000/266 Graham Ave
Winnipeg, MB
R3C 3V4

Climate Services
300 Park Plaza
2365 Albert
Regina, SK
S4P 4K1

Climate Services
Room 301/111 Research Dr.
Saskatoon, SK
S7N 3R2

  Ontario Region

Ontario Climate Centre
4905 Dufferin St
Downsview, ON
M3H 5T4

  Quebec Region

Climate Services
100 Alexis Nihon Blvd
3rd Floor
Ville Saint-Laurent, QC
H4M 2N8

  Atlantic Region

Atmospheric Environment Branch
1496 Bedford Highway
Bedford, NS
B4A 1E5