CLASS STRUCTURE AND CLASS CONSCIOUSNESS: MERGED MULTI-NATION FILE (ICPSR 8413) UNITED STATES SURVEY, 1980 SWEDEN SURVEY, 1980 NORWAY SURVEY, 1982 CANADA SURVEY, 1983 FINLAND SURVEY, 1981 User's Guide for the Machine-Readable Data File Principal Investigators Erik Olin Wright Department of Sociology University of Wisconsin Madison, Wisconsin 53706 Goran Ahrne Department of Sociology Uppsala University Uppsala, Sweden Tom Colbjornsen Department of Sociology University of Bergen Bergen, Norway John Myles Department of Sociology and Anthropology Carleton, University Ottawa, Canada Raimo Blom Department of Sociology and Social Psychology University of Tampere Tampere, Finland United States Survey Conducted by Survey Research Center Institute for Social Research University of Michigan Ann Arbor, Michigan 48106 Sweden Survey Conducted by Department of Sociology Uppsala University Uppsala, Sweden Norway Survey Conducted by Norges Markedsdata A/S Bergen, Norway Canada Survey Conducted by Canadian Facts Ottawa, Ontario Finland Survey Conducted by Department of Sociology and Social Psychology University of Tampere Tampere, Finland Produced By Institute for Research on Poverty Under NSF Grant SES - 8208238, SES - 7812189 and SES - 8318586 University of Wisconsin-Madison August, 1986 Distributed By Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research P.O. Box 1248 Ann Arbor, Michigan 48106 (313) 763-5010 Class Structure and Class Consciousness: Merged Multi-Nation File: United States survey, 1980, Sweden survey, 1980, Norway survey, 1982, Canada survey, 1983, Finland survey, 1981: A user's guide to the machine-readable data file / compiled by the Institute for Research on Poverty. -- ICPSR ed. -- Ann Arbor, Michigan: Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research, 1986. 4 v. (1476 p.) This is descriptive documentation to be used with the machine-readable data file of the same primary title, prepared by principal investigator, Erik Olin Wright. ISBN I. University of Wisconsin. Institute for Research on Poverty. II. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. III. Wright, Erik Olin. SUGGESTED BIBLIOGRAPHIC CITATION FOR THE MACHINE READABLE DATA FILE Class Structure and Class Consciousness: Merged Multi-Nation File: United States Survey, 1980, Sweden Survey, 1980, Norway Survey, 1982, Canada Survey, 1983, Finland Survey, 1981. [machine readable data file]. Principal investigator, Erik Olin Wright. ICPSR ed. Madison, Wi.: University of Wisconsin, Institute for Research on Poverty [producer], 1986 Madison, Wi.: Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor], 1986 Ann Arbor, Michigan. 1 date file (9,012 cases), plus accompanying documentation. ISBN 1 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT OF ASSISTANCE All manuscripts utilizing data made available through the Consortium should acknowledge that fact as well as identify the original collector of the data. The ICPSR Council urges all users of the ICPSR data facilities to follow some adaptation of this statement with the parentheses indicating items to be filled in appropriately or deleted by the individual user. The data (and tabulations) utilized in this (publication) were made available (in part) by the Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. The data for Class Structure and Class Consciousness: Merged Multi-Nation File were originally collected by Erik Wright, et. al. Neither the collector of the original data nor the Consortium bear any responsbility for the analyses or interpretations presented here. In order to provide funding agencies with essential information about the use of archival resources and to facilitate the exchange of information about ICPSR participants' research activities, each user of the ICPSR data facilities is expected to send two copies of each completed manuscript or thesis abstract to the Consortium. Please indicate in the cover letter which data were used. 1 USER'S GUIDE TABLE OF CONTENTS i VOLUME I CODEBOOK PAGE NO. Introduction ......................................................v Codebook Variable List.........................................xviii Description of Codebook.........................................xlvi Codebook.......................................................1-980 VOLUME II SUPPLEMENTARY CODES U.S. Core Supplementary Codes..................................1-156 Norwegian and Swedish Supplementary Codes....................157-257 Canadian Supplementary Codes.................................258-382 VOLUME III APPENDICES Information on Selected Variables................................1-7 Weight Variables................................................8-20 Constructed Variables..........................................21-40 Data Set Comparabilities.......................................41-43 ii VOLUME I CODEBOOK TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE NO. INTRODUCTION.......................................................v THE UNITED STATES DATA...........................................v Introduction..................................................v Types of Data in the Survey..................................vi History of the Data Collection.............................viii Sample Design and Methodology................................ix THE SWEDISH DATA.................................................x Sample Design.................................................x Types of Data.................................................x THE NORWEGIAN DATA...............................................x History of the Data Collection................................x Sampling Methodology.........................................xi Weighting....................................................xi THE CANADIAN DATA...............................................xi Introduction.................................................xi Research Specifications......................................xi Selection of Methodology.....................................xi Sample Design...............................................xii Selection of Sample.........................................xii Weighting Procedures.......................................xiii THE FINNISH DATA................................................xv The Sample...................................................xv Questionnaires..............................................xvi Collection of Interview Material...........................xvii Response Rate..............................................xvii TABLE OF CONTENTS iii VOLUME I CODEBOOK PAGE NO. CODEBOOK VARIABLE LIST.........................................xviii THE U.S. CORE DATA...........................................xviii Identification Variables..................................xviii Current Occupation and Employment Description..............xvii Job Autonomy................................................xix Supervision..................................................xx Decision Making..............................................xx Attitudes About Economic Change..............................xx Work History...............................................xxii Union Participation.......................................xxiii Work-Community Ties........................................xxiv Spouse and the Division of Labor...........................xxiv Family Background...........................................xxv Friends and Relatives.......................................xxv Political Participation....................................xxvi Miscellaneous Attitude Questions..........................xxvii Demographics..............................................xxvii Thumbnail Sketch.........................................xxviii Employment Company Name....................................xxix Political Participation Group Name.........................xxix Constructed Variables......................................xxix SWEDEN SPECIFIC VARIABLES......................................xxx Demographics................................................xxx NORWAY SPECIFIC VARIABLES......................................xxx Occupation and Employment Description.......................xxx Job Autonomy...............................................xxxi Employment Promotions and Hiring...........................xxxi Miscellaneous Attitude Questions..........................xxxii Work History..............................................xxxii Union Participation......................................xxxiii Spouse and Division of Labor..............................xxxiv Family Background.........................................xxxiv Political Participation...................................xxxiv Demographics..............................................xxxiv Constructed Variables......................................xxxv CANADA SPECIFIC VARIABLES - REQUIRE EXTENSIVE RECODING TO BE EQUIVALENT.....................................xxxv Current Occupation and Employment Description..............xxxv Attitudes About Economic Change............................xxxv Work History..............................................xxxvi Union Participation......................................xxxvii Spouse and the Division of Labor.........................xxxvii TABLE OF CONTENTS iv VOLUME I CODEBOOK PAGE NO. Political Participation..................................xxxvii Demographics.............................................xxxvii Employment Company Name..................................xxxvii Work History............................................xxxviii CANADA SPECIFIC VARIABLES - RECODED TO MATCH U.S. CORE VARIABLES........................................xxxviii Occupation and Employment Description...................xxxviii Supervision.............................................xxxviii Decision Making.........................................xxxviii Work History............................................xxxviii Spouse and the Division of Labor..........................xxxix Family Background.........................................xxxix Friends and Relatives.....................................xxxix Union Participation.......................................xxxix Demographics..............................................xxxix Household Members.........................................xxxix Constructed Variables.....................................xxxix Employment................................................xxxix CANADA SPECIFIC VARIABLES - DO NOT MATCH U.S. CORE VARIABLES..........................................xxxix Demographic Variables From Questionnaire Cover Sheet......xxxix Occupation and Employment Description........................xl Job Autonomy................................................xli Supervision................................................xlii Decision Making............................................xlii Union Participation.......................................xliii Work History..............................................xliii Spouse and the Division of Labor..........................xliii Miscellaneous Attitude Questions...........................xliv Political Participation....................................xliv Family Background..........................................xliv Demographics...............................................xliv Constructed Variables.......................................xlv DESCRIPTION OF CODEBOOK.........................................xlvi Sample Codebook Page.......................................xlvi Explanation of Sample Codebook Page.......................xlvii CODEBOOK.......................................................1-980 U.S. Core Variables...........................................1 Sweden Specific Variables...................................480 Norway Specific Variables...................................496 Canada Specific Variables...................................654 NOTE: Finland specific variables will be in the next data release. INTRODUCTION v THE UNITED STATES DATA I. INTRODUCTION The comparative project on class structure and class consciousness is designed to open up a new terrain of systematic data on social inequality. While in recent years sociological research has generated extensive data on the various gradational dimensions of social inequality, especially income, education and occupational status, there has been virtually no systematic societal data on the relational dimensions of inequality, particularly relations of authority, autonomy and property.Õ1å Such relational dimensions of inequality constitute the core of the concept of class in both the Marxist and Weberian traditions. The central objective of the survey was to develop rigorous measures of these relational aspects of inequality so that it will be possible to operationalize in a more coherent and systematic manner the associated concepts of class structure.[Õ2å These data on class structure were intended to be used for two broad analytical purposes: first, to study a range of micro- processes involving class relations; and second, to explore the macro-properties of class structures and their effects. In order to accomplish the first of these purposes, the survey contains a fairly broad range of questions on among other things class biographies, social networks, union activity, income and wealth, the sexual division of labor in the home and attitudes on a range of social issues (see section II below for an overview of the survey questions). ------- Õ1å. For an extended discussion of the distinction between relational and gradational conceptions of class, see Erik Olin Wright, Class Structure and Income Determination (New York: Academic Press, 1979), chapter 1. Õ2å. For a discussion of the specific class theory which motivated the design of the survey, see Erik Olin Wright, Class, Crisis and the State (London: New Left Books, 1978) and Classes (London: New Left Books, 1985), especially chapter two. ------- Note: Introductory and background text provided by each national project. INTRODUCTION vi In order to accomplish the second general objective, the survey has been replicated in a number of other countries. The only way to fully explore the macro-variations and effects of class structures is to analyse class data comparatively. As of early 1985, identical or very similar surveys have been given in eight different countries: the United States, Sweden, Finland, Norway, Canada, the United Kingdom, New Zealand, Australia and the Federal Republic of Germany. Several additional surveys are in the planning stages. This codebook is for the first version of a comprehensive, cross-national comparative dataset. In addition to data sets from the U.S., Sweden, Norway, Canada and Finland, the second version will include the United Kindom, Australia, New Zealand and the Federal Republic of Germany. II. TYPES OF DATA IN THE SURVEY The data in the survey can be grouped under seven general headings: class relations, other aspects of social structural location, organizational context, class biography and class experience, the sexual division of labor in the home, social and political attitudes and political participation. 1. CLASS RELATIONS The questions which tap the individual's location within class relations constitute the most innovative aspect of the survey. These questions revolve around the following clusters of variables. a. Supervision, particularly the ways in which people in supervisory positions can or cannot impose various kinds of rewards and punishments on their subordinates. b. Decision-making over various kinds of policy issues at the respondent's place of work. c. Autonomy over various aspects of the respondent's own work, particularly over the design and planning of the content of work. d. Formal hierarchical position, that is, the official location of the respondent's job within the organizational hierarchy of the workplace. e. Ownership of the means of production, both in terms of one's principal work and in terms of owning income-generating property. f. Labor-market position, particularly the possession of credentials. g. Income. The survey contains a battery of questions on the total amount of the individual's personal income, on family income and on the various sources of income (government transfers, rents, investments, etc.). Taken together these questions make it possible to operationalize nearly every version of Marxist and Weberian concepts of class. INTRODUCTION vii 2. OTHER ASPECTS OF SOCIAL STRUCTURAL LOCATION In addition to the detailed questions on class relations, the surveys contain conventional sociological questions on occupation, industry, geographical location, sex, race and ethnicity. 3. ORGANIZATIONAL CONTEXT Classes are embedded in organizations, and a great deal of contemporary theorizing about class revolves around the intersection of the two. To measure some of the salient features of organizational context, the surveys contain questions on: size of employing organization, linkages to the state sector, linkages to larger corporations, and industrial sector. 4. CLASS BIOGRAPHY AND CLASS EXPERIENCE People do not simply occupy locations within class structures, and societies are not characterized simply by a static distribution of slots. Individual lives are also characterized by trajectories of movement through class structures, by patterns of class experiences over time and by network linkages across classes through personal friendships and kin relationships; and societies are characterized by distributions of such trajectories, patterns and networks. One of the important objectives of the research is to map the relationship between class understood as a structure of locations and class understood as a biographical trajectory of experiences. Several clusters of questions tap these issues: a. Class origins, that is, questions on occupation, authority and property ownership of parents. b. Intragenerational class trajectory. Two kinds of questions tap this issue. First, there are a series of questions retrospectively measuring the respondent's job history for the two previous jobs. Second, there are a variety of questions which ask whether the respondent has ever occupied certain kinds of class locations: supervisory positions, self-employed positions, employee positions (if the respondent is currently self-employed). c. Class and family. The same basic class information obtained for the respondent is obtained for his/her spouse, so that we can analyze the location of families and not just individuals in the class structure. d. Social networks. The basic class data are also obtained on the respondent's three closest friends. INTRODUCTION viii e. Class experiences. Finally, questions are asked about certain kinds of salient class-relevant experiences that an individual may have had, specifically whether they ever have been unemployed (and when and how frequently), whether they are or have ever been a union member (and in what ways they may have participated in union activities), and whether they have ever been on strike (and what was the form of participation in the strike). Taken together, these various questions make it possible to map out the degree of openness or closure of class structures. This is of considerable theoretical importance, both for understanding the effects of class on individuals and for understanding the differences between the class structures of the various countries included in the research. 5. THE SEXUAL DIVISION OF LABOR In order to begin in a preliminary way to explore the relationship between class relations and gender relations, one section of the survey deals with questions related to the division of labor and power in the household. Although this is a relatively short section of the survey, the comparative data from it promise to be particularly interesting. 6. ATTITUDES The survey contains a fairly broad range of questions on social and political attitudes. Many of these tap various dimensions of what is often called "class consciousness", in particular questions concerning class identification, conceptions of alternative possible societies, explanations of social problems, normative judgments on inequalities of various sorts. In addition there are questions dealing with political identification, attitudes towards state policies and a variety of other issues. 7. POLITICAL PARTICIPATION Finally, there is a series of questions which deal not simply with respondents' attitudes, but with their participation in political activities and organizations. III. HISTORY OF THE DATA COLLECTION The earliest stages of this comparative project were in 1976-1977. In that year a pilot project was funded by the Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation to develop the core questionnaire for the comparative project. In 1978 an NSF grant was obtained (SES-7812189) to conduct the United States survey and to begin the coordination of the comparative project as a whole. Three meetings of persons interested in starting projects in various European countries were held between 1978 and 1980. The basic task of these meetings was to try to reach a consensus on the content of the core questionnaire in order to guarantee as much comparability across projects as possible. At the January, 1980, meeting in INTRODUCTION ix Madison, Wisconsin, the basic outlines of the survey were agreed upon by representatives from Italy, Britain, Sweden and Finland. With some refinements and tightening, this survey was fielded in the United States by the Survey Research Center at the University of Michigan in the summer of 1980. At the time the U.S. survey was fielded, the only other fully funded projects were in Sweden and Finland. An Italian project had received preliminary funding, but tragically, the director of the Italian research, Luca Perrone, was killed in an accident in August of 1980 and thus the Italian project was suspended. The Swedish survey was fielded in 1980 and the Finnish survey in 1981. The data from these projects were available for analysis by early 1982. Since the initial surveys, additional grants for national projects were obtained for Canada (survey fielded in the fall of 1982), Norway (survey fielded in the fall of 1982), Great Britain (survey fielded in the fall of 1983) New Zealand (survey fielded in early 1984) and West Germany (survey fielded in early 1985). A regional survey in South Australia was fielded in 1981. All of these surveys have maintained intact the core U.S. survey, with the partial exceptions of the Finnish and British projects which dropped most of the common attitude questions. IV. SAMPLE DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY 1. TYPE OF SAMPLE The survey employed a systematic cluster sample of telephone numbers in coterminus United States. It is a two stage sample; the first selecting clusters of one hundred consecutive telephone numbers; the second selecting individual numbers within sample clusters. The first stage selection is enhanced by ordering of the frame of all area codes and central office codes by geography and relative population density (as measured by the number of central office codes in the exchange). There were 334 total clusters in the sample. 2. UNIVERSE The universe consists of adults, 18 years and older in the United States who are either a) working, or b) not working but wanting to work, or c) housewives with working spouses. 3. METHOD OF COLLECTION The data was collected through telephone interviews, with repeated attempts at making initial contact with respondents, and one attempt to persuade people to participate who initially refused. INTRODUCTION x THE SWEDISH DATA I. SAMPLE DESIGN The survey in Sweden was conducted as a combination of a mail survey and telephone interviews. The questionnaire was sent out by mail in October, 1980. Of all the respondents, 13 per cent were interviewed and 27 per cent sent in their questionnaires after having been reminded to do so via telephone. The sample consisted of 2025 people drawn from the National Register of the Population. The Swedish sample comprised only people in the work force between ages 18 to 65. Unlike the survey in the U.S. the Swedish project did not include housewives and unemployed. Out of the 2025 people in the sample, 519 did not belong to the actual sample, i.e. they did not have a job. The final number of actual respondents was 1145 and the estimated response rate was 76 per cent. All the coding was conducted by the project staff at Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden. II. TYPES OF DATA The questionnaire used in the Swedish survey was basically a translation of the questionnaire used in the U.S. Some questions had to be changed -- questions on trade union affiliation and acti- vity and questions on support of political parties. Some questions were omitted because of anticipated lack of applicability -- questions on attitudes towards race and poverty. And finally some questions were omitted because of time and space constraints on the questionnaire. These were the questions on previous work history and some of the more detailed questions on the class positions of relatives and/or friends. THE NORWEGIAN DATA I. HISTORY OF THE DATA COLLECTION The Norwegian Project "Process of Unequality - A Study of Nor- way in the Western World", was funded by the Norwegian Research Council for Science and the Humanities (NAVF). The project started in 1981 and terminated in 1985. In addition to participating in the International Project on Class Structure and Class Consciousness, the task of the Norwegian project was to analyze the Norwegian Labor Market. The Norwegian Survey is entitled "Variations in Work Conditions, 1982". The survey was fielded in 1982 by a professional survey agency - Norges Markedsdata A/S. They used personal inter- viewswith a response rate of 100 per cent. The sample consisted of a representative selection of 2532 men and women between the ages of 16 and 66. INTRODUCTION xi II. SAMPLING METHODOLOGY A start address was drawn after two stratifying processes, one according to region and the second according to municipality. These stratifying steps were based on statistics on the population from the Norwegian Central Bureau of Statistics. Men and women were stratified separately. Four to five personal interviews were conducted in connection with each start address. Only one person in each household was interviewed. The interviewers were instructed to check the birthdays of all present household members between 16 and 66 years of age, and to interview the one with the nearest approaching birthday. According to Norges Markedsdata A/S, this sample is representative of the entire Norwegian population for nearly all practical purposes. III. WEIGHTING The sample was not weighted in any way. The only weighting that could possibly have been done would have been to weight according to age. The sample may be underrepresented among elderly women (since interviews were not conducted with residents of retirement institutions) and among young men (often not at home or in military camps). THE CANADIAN DATA I. INTRODUCTION In 1982 the Department of Sociology and Anthropology of Carleton University received approval from the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council to conduct a study of class structure and the labour process in Canada. The execution of the project required a national survey of the labour force in Canada. Canadian Facts was commissioned to conduct this phase of the project. II. RESEARCH SPECIFICATIONS The original terms of reference for the survey called for a completed sample of 3000 respondents respresenting the non- institutionalized, non-disabled adult population (ages 15-65) of Canada's ten provinces representative with respect to sex and labour force status. Consistent with the U.S. survey there were two ver- sions of the questionnaire--one for administration to employed per- sons and one for the unemployed. III. SELECTION OF METHODOLOGY Initial pretesting by telephone of the draft questionnaire indicated that problems could be anticipated with respect to both interview length and content. In particular the results of the pre- test suggested that wording and complexity of a number of questions could produce significantly different response rates across various subgroups within the population. The decision to conduct the Cana- dian survey by means of personal interviews was dictated primarily by the anticipated length of the interview and the type of data to be obtained. INTRODUCTION xii IV. SAMPLE DESIGN A replicated probability design was used to select respondents for the survey. Replication (that is, the selection of independent sub-samples) is a feature which permits the estimation of the sampling error applicable to any statistic from the survey. In this case two replicated samples of psu's (primary sampling units) were selected. V. SELECTION OF SAMPLE A four stage sample selection procedure was employed. Stage 1 -- Selection of Localities All localities, except those in excluded areas, were stratified by locality size within geographic area. Geographic areas were defined as the ten provinces. Locality size consisted of five classifications: Urban centers over 500,000 population; Urban centers 100,000 to 500,000 population; Urban centers 30,000 to 100,000 population; Urban centers 10,000 to 30,000 population; Rural and urban areas of 10,000 population or less. The strata were set up in such a manner as to group together all localities that were similar on the basis of the above criteria, that is, locality size, geographic area, and in the case of rural areas, degree of urbanization. Using cumulative stratified popula- tion listings, 245 localities were selected as the master sample. Stage II -- Selection of Primary Sampling Units The Primary sampling unit is the Enumeration Area (E.A.). Further stratification is employed within the localities for selec- tion of the clusters or primary sampling units. E.A.s are randomly selected from a list of stratified E.A. populations. In large metropolitan areas, this is usually income within geographic quadrants. In rural areas the stratification is basically geographical. At this stage, the number of primary sampling units to be visited in each locality is determined, for example, 16 in Toronto or 6 in London. INTRODUCTION xiii Stage III -- Selecting Households Within Each E.A. Within each selected E.A. two blocks were selected at random in each urban location and one in each rural E.A. For each block selected, the interviewer was supplied with a detailed map showing the block, the road segments containing the block and a starting point. Interviewers began at the designated starting point and followed a fixed procedure for selecting a specific number of house- holds. For all urban locations each block consisted of 6 households for a total of 12 per each E.A. The cluster size for rural loca- tions was 9 households. Stage IV -- Selecting Individuals Within Households Within each selected household, the members at home were listed. Qualifying persons were selected according to a predeter- mined set of procedures. In order to improve completion rates in the large urban centers, particularly, Montreal, Toronto and Vancouver, interviewers were instructed to make up to five trips to each assigned block in cities with populations of 500,000 and over. Four trips were made to blocks in other urban centers and three trips to rural locations. Primary sampling units were allocated disproportionately across the six regions in order to provide larger cell sizes in the regions with smaller populations. In order to be selected a qualifying respondent was required to live in a household in which one or more persons qualified as a member of the labour force (according to the definitions used in the survey). Eighty-two percent of all listed households yielded eli- gible respondents. After the required number of callbacks, completed interviews were obtained in 76 percent of the total eli- gible households. This yielded a total of 2577 actual interviews. VI. WEIGHTING PROCEDURES The survey sampled three sub-populations: a) Employed population - Individuals 18 years of age and over who were reported/reported themselves as employed either full time or part time. b) Unemployed population - Individuals 18 years of age and over who were reported/reported themselves as unemployed but willing to take a job if one were available. c) Housewife population - Women 18 years of age and over living with a labour force male (employed or unemployed as per definitions noted above) who were reported/reported themselves as unemployed and not willing to take a job if one were available. INTRODUCTION xiv The actual number of completed interviews was weighted in two stages: Weight 1 - was applied to adjust for the effects of the sample design (i.e. selection of a disproportionate sample by region) and selection (household size within community size group). The totals for each cell were based on the 1981 Census distri- bution of households. Weight 2 - Data obtained from the body of the interview was used to subdivide the unemployed population into the following subgroups: Unemployed males unemployed labor force discouraged worker Unemployed females unemployed labor force discouraged worker single married Unemployed labor force person were defined as those who reported in question 99f that they had looked for a job in the four weeks preceding the interview. Discouraged workers were defined as those who reported in question 99f that they had not looked for a job in the four weeks preceding the interview. The employed and unemployed labor force samples were weighted to adjust for age within sex within region (18-34, 35-54 and 55 years and over) based on data from the March, 1983 Labour Force Survey conducted by Statistics Canada. Comparable data for weighting the discouraged worker was not available. Accordingly no further adjustment was made to this sample with respect to age and sex and for this group weight 2 = weight 1. Similarly there was no further adjustment to the housewife sample. Since this sample had been selected from only a half sample in each replicate the actual completions were given a final weight of 2. Given the limitations of sample size and the lack of national data for estimating purposes users of the data from the survey should use caution in attempting to extrapolate the results from the discouraged worker and housewife samples. INTRODUCTION xv THE FINNISH DATA I. THE SAMPLE The Finnish project randomly sampled 1,929 persons aged 18-65 from the population register. Demographic statistics were examined prior to sampling so as to obtain a random sample that would be maximally representative both in terms of occupation structure and population breakdown into rural and urban areas. The sample is not representative of the Swedish-speaking minority in the country, which currently accounts for 6.2 percent of the population. For the selection of regional samples, the country was first divided into six districts: (1) Helsinki and its surrounding area, (2) Southeastern Finland, (3) Eastern Finland, (4) Inner Finland, (5) Western Finland, and (6) Northern Finland. Sampling was started by selecting all administrative centers within each district, and then smaller towns (industrial and commercial centers). Finally, cluster sampling was used to select rural communes. Here, special attention was paid to industrial and occupation structure, population densities, and other special features of the communes. The following steps were taken to reach the final sample. First, the sample size in each district was adjusted so as to make it correspond with the actual size of the population it was to represent. On the basis of pilot surveys it was decided that in towns with a population of over 50,000, 1/2 percent would be sampled, in towns with less than 50,000 inhabitants 1 percent, and in rural communes 3 percent. This guaranteed a fairly close correspondence between our urban and rural sample sizes and the statistical distribution of the population. The final sample included 27 towns and 42 rural communes. According to the 1978 Census of Populaton, 59.7 percent of the Finnish population lived in urban areas and 40.3 percent in rural areas; the figures in our sample were 61 percent and 39 percent, respectively. The biggest sampling problem was the approximation of the industrial structure within the parent group or population and the actual sample. The project was primarily concerned with how different class groups are represented in society, so obviously it was of central importance that the industrial structure within the sample should be representative. It is particularly important in a study of class structure that the different groups within the economically active population are adequately represented. For this reason it was felt necessary to compare the random samples with the industrial structure of the entire economically active population. An added reason for this comparison was the fact that our sample only included age groups 18-65. The sample included a total of 69 towns and communes, and the sample units were drawn from the population register center of each municipality on the basis of systematic random sampling. NOTE: See Appendix VI. for more information on the Finnish sample. INTRODUCTION xvi II. QUESTIONNAIRES Because the international project is above all a comparative study, it was important to ensure that the questionnaires used by the different national projects would be as identical as possible. It was decided therefore, that the questionnaire designed jointly by representatives of the different projects and employed by the U.S. team would serve as a model for all others. In Finland, we started by translating the U.S. questionnaire, and then made some modifications according to the demographic, cultural and political characteristics of the country. Finally, several new questions were added. There are several features in the Finnish industrial structure that distinguish Finland from other advanced capitalist countries. Perhaps most importantly, agriculture and forestry play a much more significant role as employers than elsewhere. There were very few questions in the U.S. questionnaire concerning farmers, so it was felt necessary to develop additional questions and indicators in order that the structure and characteristics of the agricultural sector in Finland could be adequately covered. These considerations led the Finnish project to draw up a separate questionnaire for the category of respondents that was termed agricultural entrepreneurs. The amount of questions regarding entrepreneurs and self- employed groups in the original U.S. questionnaire was also considered insufficient by the Finnish team. It was decided that new questions should be added and again that a separate questionnaire should be drawn up for these respondents. Following the example of the project in the U.S., the Finnish project had separate questionnaires for wage-earners and for the economically non-active population. The wage-earner questionnaire was the most extensive and the most commonly used in our project; 55 percent of the respondents were interviewed on the basis of this questionnaire. The questionnaire was divided into 13 parts and it contained a total of 411 questions. Most of the questions that were common to all projects were included in the sections dealing with the respondent's current occupation, degree of autonomy at work, supervisory status, decision-making, and work history. The Finnish questionnaire differs most from those used by the U.S. and Swedish projects in questions concerning attitudes and opinions on various social issues. Some of the questions used in the U.S. have been omitted and numerous new questions have been added. The bulk of the questions included in the farmer questionnaire are precisely the same as those used for wage-earners. However, there is a set of detailed questions at the top of the farmer questionnaire concerning size of holding, line of production, machinery, contract cultivation, employment outside the farm, future prospects, etc. Also, there are questions to map the participation of farmers in interest organization activities. The questionnaire designed for part-time workers, housewives, pensioners, students and unemployed starts with a set of questions for part-time workers, the purpose of which is to establish the number of jobs the respondents had had during the previous year, their education, need for education, and expectations and hopes in working life. Pensioners and unemployed respondents were asked in the past tense the same questions concerning wage employment that INTRODUCTION xvii were included in the master questionnaire for wage-earners. There were separate questions for students that touched upon various issues related to their studies. III. COLLECTION OF INTERVIEW MATERIAL The material was collected by personal interviews, which the Finnish project considered the most suitable method of data collection given the nature of the study. The interviews were carried out between April 1 and September 15, 1981 by 68 trained social science students. Detailed instructions had been prepared for the interviewers and were written on the questionnaires. A total of 1,435 persons were interviewed. If the interviewer did not manage to contact the respondent the first time around, at least two further efforts were made. The shortest interview took 40 minutes, the longest 3 hours; the average duration of one interview based on the wage-earner questionnaire was 1 hour and 20 minutes. The questionnaires covered a wide range of topics. Most of the questions were about things with which the respondents felt at home; personal history, leisure activities, etc. Conversely, there were some questions concerning participation in community activity and attitudes towards social issues that were clearly more difficult and distant to the respondents. There were indeed a fair amount of cases where the respondents had obvious difficulties in answering these questions. In addition, the respondents were often requested to explain their answers and specify their stands, but this caused great difficulties. IV. RESPONSE RATE A total of 1,435 interviews were obtained, respresenting 74.4 percent of the sample of 1,929 persons. There were considerable regional differences in the degree of non-response. In a number of communes response rates were a full 100 percent, whereas in the Helsinki region the figure was only 51.1 percent. The main reason for the outstandingly low response rate was the high migration within the region, but refusals were also more common than elsewhere in the country. Non-response rates were lowest in the eastern and northern parts of Finland - at 12 percent. There were clear differences between the urban and rural areas in contacting the respondents. Non-response in towns was 30.7 percent, whereas in rural communes a much lower 19 percent. The main reasons for non- response were refusal to cooperate, moving to another address, and failure to contact the respondent. V. CONFIDENTIALITY AND THE PUBLIC USE FILE Background information on each respondent was also collected, but many of these variables have been recoded to blanks in order to protect the anonymity of the respondents. These variables are described in the accompanying documentation, and researchers interested in these particular variables may request ICPSR to conduct specific data analyses using those variables. Such requests will be processed according to the standard policies of ICPSR. The following variables were affected: V443 College name V861 Larger company name3 V479 Zip code V946 Name of business1 V521 Company name V947 Name of business2 V522 Larger company name V961 Business incorporated3 V523 Group name V962 Govt agency name V524 Larger group name V1050 Name union1 V858 Company name1 V1051 Name union2 V859 Larger company name1 V1052 Name union3 V860 Larger company name2 CODEBOOK VARIABLE LIST xviii THE U.S. CORE DATA Variable Page Number Number IDENTIFICATION VARIABLES 1 Country......................................................1 2 Interview Number.............................................1 3 Interviewer's I.D. Number....................................1 4 Date - Month.................................................2 5 Date - Day...................................................2 6 Length of Interview..........................................3 7 Questionnaire Type...........................................4 CURRENT OCCUPATION AND EMPLOYMENT DESCRIPTION 8 Interview Checkpoint 1.......................................5 9 Ever Worked..................................................6 10 Last Worked..................................................7 11 Job Preference...............................................8 12 Occupation................................................9-10 13 Industry.................................................11-12 14 Employee, Self-employed, or Work Without Pay................13 15 Government, Non-profit or Profit Organization............14-15 16 Business, Practice or Farm..................................16 17 Owner.......................................................17 18 Other Owners................................................18 19 Percent Own.................................................19 20 Actual Partner..............................................19 21 Number of Permanent Employees - Business....................20 22 Number of Temporary Employees - Business....................21 23 Number of Weeks Temporary Employees - Business..............22 24 How Long Owner - Years......................................23 25 How Long Owner - Months.....................................24 26 Franchise - Business........................................25 27 Respondent Control Franchise................................26 28 State Funds - Business......................................27 29 Percent State Funds - Business..............................28 30 Business Value..............................................29 31 Business Incorporated.......................................30 32 Farm Type...................................................31 33 Number of Permanent Employees - Farm........................32 34 Number of Temporary Employees - Farm........................33 35 Number of Weeks Temporary Employees - Farm..................34 36 How Long Run Farm - Years...................................35 37 How Long Run Farm - Months..................................36 38 Own Farm....................................................37 39 State Funds - Farm..........................................38 40 Percent State Funds - Farm..................................39 41 Farm Value..................................................40 42 Farm Incorporated...........................................40 43 Owner - Practice............................................41 44 Percent Own Practice........................................42 CODEBOOK VARIABLE LIST xix Variable Page Number Number 45 Number of Employees - Practice..............................43 46 How Long Practice - Years...................................44 47 How Long Practice - Months..................................45 48 State Funds - Practice......................................46 49 Percent State Funds - Practice..............................47 50 Family Business or Farm.....................................48 51 Any Paid Employees - Family.................................49 52 Number of Permanent Employees - Family......................50 53 Other Family Members........................................51 54 How Long Family Own - Years.................................52 55 How Long Family Own - Months................................53 56 Family Business Value.......................................54 57 Interview Checkpoint 2......................................55 58 Franchise Family Business...................................56 59 Respondent Control Franchise - Family Business..............57 60 State Funds - Family Business...............................58 61 Percent State Funds - Family Business.......................59 62 Family Business Incorporated................................59 63 Type Government.............................................60 64 Promotion 1 Government......................................61 65 Promotion 2 Government......................................62 66 Promotion 1 Profit - Nonprofit Organization.................63 67 Promotion 2 Profit - Nonprofit Organization.................64 68 More Than One Location......................................65 69 Part of Larger Corporation..................................66 70 Number of Employees 1 Multi Location........................67 71 Number of Employees 2 Multi Location.....................68-69 72 Number of Employees 1 Single Location.......................70 73 Number of Employees 2 Single Location....................71-72 74 Part of Larger Corporation - Different Name.................73 75 State Funds.................................................74 76 Percent State Funds.........................................75 77 More Than Half State Funds..................................75 78 Second Job..................................................76 79 Second Job Occupation....................................77-78 80 Second Job Industry......................................79-80 81 Second Job - Employee, Self-employed, Work Without Pay......81 82 Number of Hours Per Week Second Job.........................82 83 Number of Hours Per Week Main Job...........................83 84 Number of Hours Per Week One Job.........................84-85 85 Interview Checkpoint 3......................................86 JOB AUTONOMY 86 Required to Design Work.....................................87 87 Level of Conceptual Autonomy.............................88-89 88 Example Quality.............................................90 89 Decide When Work............................................91 90 Decide Day Off..............................................92 91 Decide Slow Down............................................93 92 Decide New Task.............................................94 CODEBOOK VARIABLE LIST xx Variable Page Number Number SUPERVISION 93 Supervise...................................................95 94 Ever Supervise..............................................96 95 How Many Supervise..........................................97 96 Occupation of Subordinate...................................98 97 Is Subordinate a Supervisor.................................99 98 Decide Tasks of Subordinates...............................100 99 Decide Procedures or Tools of Subordinates.................101 100 Decide Pace of Work of Subordinates........................102 101 Pay Raise or Promotion 1...................................103 102 Pay Raise or Promotion 2...................................104 103 Pay Raise or Promotion 3...................................105 104 Preventing Raise 1.........................................106 105 Preventing Raise 2.....................................107-108 106 Preventing Raise 3.........................................109 107 Fire or Suspend 1..........................................110 108 Fire or Suspend 2..........................................111 109 Fire or Suspend 3..........................................112 110 Formal Warning 1...........................................113 111 Formal Warning 2...........................................114 112 Formal Warning 3...........................................115 DECISION MAKING 113 Policy Making Participation................................116 114 Decision Number Employed 1.............................117-118 115 Decision Number Employed 2.................................119 116 Decision Products 1........................................120 117 Decision Products 2........................................121 118 Decision Pace 1............................................122 119 Decision Pace 2............................................123 120 Decision Procedures 1......................................124 121 Decision Procedures 2......................................125 122 Decision Budget............................................126 123 Decision Size Budget 1.....................................127 124 Decision Size Budget 2.....................................128 125 Decision Distribution Funds 1..............................129 126 Decision Distribution Funds 2..............................130 127 Other Decision.............................................131 128 Type Other Decision........................................132 129 How Make Other Decision....................................133 130 Position...............................................134-135 ATTITUDES ABOUT ECONOMIC CHANGE 131 Corporation Benefit Owners.................................136 132 Experts Necessary..........................................137 133 Prohibit Hiring Scabs......................................138 CODEBOOK VARIABLE LIST xxi Variable Page Number Number 134 Profit Motive Unnecessary..................................139 135 Nonmanagers Can Run Effectively............................140 136 Prevent Strikebreakers.....................................141 137 Big Corporations Too Much Power............................142 138 Poverty Reason 1...........................................143 139 Poverty Reason 2...........................................144 140 Poverty Reason 3...........................................145 141 Poverty Reason 4...........................................146 142 Poverty Reason 5...........................................146 143 Poverty Reasons - Summary..................................147 144 Poverty Solution 1.........................................147 145 Poverty Solution 2.........................................148 146 Poverty Solution 3.........................................148 147 Poverty Solution 4.........................................149 148 Poverty Solution 5.........................................149 149 Poverty Solutions - Summary................................150 150 Energy Crisis Reason 1.....................................150 151 Energy Crisis Reason 2.....................................151 152 Energy Crisis Reason 3.....................................151 153 Energy Crisis Reason 4.....................................152 154 Energy Crisis Reason 5.....................................152 155 Energy Crisis Reasons - Summary............................153 156 Energy Crisis Solution 1...................................153 157 Energy Crisis Solution 2...................................154 158 Energy Crisis Solution 3...................................154 159 Energy Crisis Solution 4...................................155 160 Energy Crisis Solution 5...................................155 161 Energy Crisis Solutions - Summary..........................156 162 Crime Reason 1.............................................156 163 Crime Reason 2.............................................157 164 Crime Reason 3.............................................157 165 Crime Reason 4.............................................158 166 Crime Reason 5.............................................158 167 Crime Reasons - Summary....................................159 168 Crime Solution 1...........................................159 169 Crime Solution 2...........................................160 170 Crime Solution 3...........................................160 171 Crime Solution 4...........................................161 172 Crime Solution 5...........................................161 173 Crime Solutions - Summary..................................162 174 Poverty - Lack Intelligence................................163 175 Poverty - Lack Education and Jobs..........................164 176 Poverty - Not Want Work....................................165 177 Poverty - Profit Motive....................................166 178 Poverty - Inevitable.......................................167 179 Crime - Stiff Punishment...................................168 180 Crime - Education and Jobs.................................169 181 Crime - Family Discipline..................................170 182 Energy - Control Oil Companies.............................171 CODEBOOK VARIABLE LIST xxii Variable Page Number Number WORK HISTORY 183 Interview Checkpoint 4.....................................172 184 Ever Look For Job - Housewife..............................172 185 When Look For Job - Housewife..............................173 186 When First Work............................................174 187 Interview Checkpoint 5.....................................175 188 Ever Self-employed.........................................176 189 When Self-employed - From 1................................177 190 When Self-employed - To 1..................................178 191 When Self-employed - From 2................................179 192 When Self-employed - To 2..................................179 193 Other Times Self-employed..................................180 194 When Self-employed - From 3................................180 195 When Self-employed - To 3..................................181 196 When Self-employed - From 4................................181 197 When Self-employed - To 4..................................182 198 Want To Be Self-employed...................................183 199 Ever Employee..............................................184 200 Seasonal Unemployment......................................185 201 Ever Unemployed............................................186 202 How Many Times Unemployed..................................187 203 When Unemployed - Year.....................................188 204 How Long Unemployed - Months...............................189 205 How Long Unemployed - Years................................190 206 Last Time Unemployed - Year................................191 207 Longest Time Unemployed - Months...........................192 208 Longest Time Unemployed - Years............................193 209 When Longest Time Unemployed - Year........................194 210 Ever Not Want Job..........................................195 211 When Not Want Job - Year...................................196 212 How Long Not Want Job - Months.............................197 213 How Long Not Want Job - Years..............................198 214 What Do When No Job 1......................................199 215 What Do When No Job 2......................................200 216 Interview Checkpoint 6.....................................201 217 Ever Unemployed - Housewife................................201 218 When Unemployed - Housewife................................202 219 How Long Unemployed - Housewife - Weeks....................203 220 How Long Unemployed - Housewife - Months...................204 221 How Long Unemployed - Housewife - Years....................205 222 How Long Unemployed - Unemployed - Weeks...................206 223 How Long Unemployed - Unemployed - Months..................207 224 How Long Unemployed - Unemployed - Years...................208 225 How Support During Unemployment 1..........................209 226 How Support During Unemployment 2..........................210 227 What Do To Find Job 1......................................211 228 What Do To Find Job 2......................................212 229 Ever Unemployed Prior - Unemployed.........................213 230 How Many Times Prior - Unemployed..........................214 231 When Longest Unemployment - Years - Unemployed.............215 CODEBOOK VARIABLE LIST xxiii Variable Page Number Number 232 How Long Longest Unemployment - Weeks - Unemployed.........215 233 How Long Longest Unemployment - Months - Unemployed........216 234 How Long Longest Unemployment - Years - Unemployed.........217 235 Began Work Present Job - Month.............................218 236 Began Work Present Job - Year..............................219 237 Have Prior Job 1...........................................220 238 Prior Job 1 Self-employed or Employee......................221 239 Prior Job 1 Paid Employees.................................221 240 Prior Job 1 Number Of Employees............................222 241 Prior Job 1 Different Employer.............................222 242 Prior Job 1 Supervise......................................223 243 Prior Job 1 Authority......................................223 244 Prior Job 1 Occupation.....................................224 245 Prior Job 1 Industry.......................................225 246 Prior Job 1 Hours Per Week.................................226 247 Prior Job 1 Begin Month....................................227 248 Prior Job 1 Begin Year.....................................228 249 Prior Job 1 End Month......................................229 250 Prior Job 1 End Year.......................................230 251 Prior Job 1 How End........................................231 252 What Do Between Prior and Present Job 1................232-233 253 What Do Between Prior and Present Job 2................234-235 254 Have Prior Job 2...........................................236 255 Prior Job 2 Self-employed or Employee......................237 256 Prior Job 2 Paid Employees.................................237 257 Prior Job 2 Number Of Employees............................238 258 Prior Job 2 Different Employer.............................238 259 Prior Job 2 Supervise......................................239 260 Prior Job 2 Authority......................................239 261 Prior Job 2 Occupation.....................................240 262 Prior Job 2 Industry.......................................240 263 Prior Job 2 Hours Per Week.................................241 264 Prior Job 2 Begin Month....................................241 265 Prior Job 2 Begin Year.....................................242 266 Prior Job 2 End Month......................................242 267 Prior Job 2 End Year.......................................243 268 Prior Job 2 How End........................................244 269 What Do Between Prior 1 And Prior 2 - first mention....245-246 270 What Do Between Prior 1 And Prior 2 - second mention...247-248 271 Interview Checkpoint 7.....................................249 272 When Begin With Employer - Month...........................249 273 When Begin With Employer - Year............................250 UNION PARTICIPATION 274 Union......................................................250 275 Union Member...............................................251 276 Eligible Union Member......................................252 277 Ever Union Member..........................................253 278 Health And Safety..........................................254 279 Layoffs And Closing........................................255 CODEBOOK VARIABLE LIST xxiv Variable Page Number Number 280 Employee Participation.....................................256 281 Opposing Discrimination....................................257 282 Ever Union Official........................................258 283 Ever Union Opposition......................................259 284 Ever Form Union............................................259 285 Year Form Union............................................260 286 Ever Strike................................................261 287 How Participate Strike 1...............................262-263 288 How Participate Strike 2...............................264-265 289 How Participate Strike 3...............................266-267 290 Year Involved In Strike....................................268 291 How Many Strikes In........................................268 WORK-COMMUNITY TIES 292 Neighborhood - Work Ties...................................269 293 Time Spent With Co-Workers.................................270 294 Work Friendships...........................................271 295 Interview Checkpoint 8.....................................272 296 Percent Housewives In Neighborhood.........................272 297 Housewives In Neighborhood.................................273 298 Housewife Friends..........................................273 299 Unemployed In Neighborhood.................................274 300 Time Spent With Former Workers.............................274 SPOUSE AND THE DIVISION OF LABOR 301 Interview Checkpoint 9.....................................275 302 Marital Status.............................................276 303 Any Children...............................................277 304 Spouse Work................................................278 305 Spouse Want To Work........................................279 306 Spouse Occupation......................................280-281 307 Spouse Industry........................................282-283 308 Spouse Type Employment.....................................284 309 Spouse Paid Employees......................................285 310 Spouse Number Of Paid Employees............................286 311 Spouse Manager Or Supervisor...............................287 312 Percent Income From Spouse.................................288 313 Percent Income From Spouse - Categories....................289 314 Interview Checkpoint 10....................................290 315 Any Children Not In Household..............................290 316 Percent Time Spent With Children.......................291-292 317 Percent Time Spent By Spouse...........................293-294 318 Percent Time Spent Jointly.................................295 319 Respondent Meals.......................................296-297 320 Spouse Meals...........................................298-299 321 Respondent Cleaning Meals..................................300 322 Spouse Cleaning Meals......................................301 323 Respondent Laundry.........................................302 CODEBOOK VARIABLE LIST xxv Variable Page Number Number 324 Spouse Laundry.............................................303 325 Respondent Housecleaning...................................304 326 Spouse Housecleaning.......................................305 327 Respondent Groceries...................................306-307 328 Spouse Groceries.......................................308-309 329 Where Live 1...............................................310 330 Where Live 2...............................................311 331 Financial Decisions 1......................................312 332 Financial Decisions 2......................................313 333 Family Budget 1............................................314 334 Family Budget 2............................................315 FAMILY BACKGROUND 335 Background - Head Of Household.........................316-318 336 Parent Occupation......................................319-320 337 Parent Industry........................................321-322 338 Type Employment 1 - Parent.................................323 339 Type Employment 2 - Parent.................................324 340 Paid Employees - Parent....................................325 341 Manager Or Supervisor - Parent.............................326 342 Mother Ever Work...........................................327 343 How Long Mother Work - Years...............................328 344 Occupation - Mother....................................329-330 FRIENDS AND RELATIVES 345 Friend Or Relative 1.......................................331 346 Sex - Friend 1.............................................332 347 Work For Pay - Friend 1....................................333 348 Occupation - Friend 1..................................334-335 349 Type Employment - Friend 1.................................336 350 Paid Employees - Friend 1..................................337 351 Manager - Friend 1.........................................338 352 Ever Work For Pay - Friend 1...............................339 353 Past Occupation - Friend 1.................................340 354 Past Type Employment - Friend 1............................341 355 Past Paid Employees - Friend 1.............................341 356 Past Manager - Friend 1....................................342 357 Marital Status - Friend 1..................................342 358 Spouse Work For Pay - Friend 1.............................343 359 Spouse Occupation - Friend 1...............................344 360 Spouse Type Employment - Friend 1..........................345 361 Spouse Paid Employees - Friend 1...........................346 362 Spouse Manager - Friend 1..................................346 363 Friend or Relative 2.......................................347 364 Sex - Friend 2.............................................348 365 Work For Pay - Friend 2....................................349 366 Occupation - Friend 2......................................350 367 Type Employment - Friend 2.................................351 CODEBOOK VARIABLE LIST xxvi Variable Page Number Number 368 Paid Employees - Friend 2..................................352 369 Manager - Friend 2.........................................353 370 Ever Work For Pay - Friend 2...............................354 371 Past Occupation - Friend 2.................................355 372 Past Type Employment - Friend 2............................356 373 Past Paid Employees - Friend 2.............................356 374 Past Manager - Friend 2....................................357 375 Marital Status - Friend 2..................................357 376 Spouse Work For Pay - Friend 2.............................358 377 Spouse Occupation - Friend 2...............................359 378 Spouse Type Employment - Friend 2..........................360 379 Spouse Paid Employees - Friend 2...........................360 380 Spouse Manager - Friend 2..................................361 381 Friend Or Relative 3.......................................362 382 Sex - Friend 3.............................................363 383 Work For Pay - Friend 3....................................364 384 Occupation - Friend 3......................................365 385 Type Employment - Friend 3.................................366 386 Paid Employees - Friend 3..................................367 387 Manager - Friend 3.........................................368 388 Ever Work For Pay - Friend 3...............................369 389 Past Occupation - Friend 3.................................370 390 Past Type Employment - Friend 3............................371 391 Past Paid Employees - Friend 3.............................371 392 Past Manager - Friend 3....................................372 393 Marital Status - Friend 3..................................372 394 Spouse Work For Pay - Friend 3.............................373 395 Spouse Occupation - Friend 3...............................374 396 Spouse Type Employment - Friend 3..........................375 397 Spouse Paid Employees - Friend 3...........................375 398 Spouse Manager - Friend 3..................................376 POLITICAL PARTICIPATION 399 Participation Political Organizations......................377 400 Local or Larger Political Organization.....................378 401 Single Issue...............................................378 402 Political Issue 1..........................................379 403 Political Issue 2..........................................380 404 Political Issue 3..........................................380 405 Political Philosophy of Group..............................381 406 Means Of Action 1..........................................382 407 Means Of Action 2..........................................382 408 Means Of Action 3..........................................383 409 How Participate 1..........................................383 410 How Participate 2..........................................384 411 How Participate 3..........................................384 412 Political Party Affiliation................................385 413 Strength Republican........................................386 414 Type Republican............................................386 415 Strength Democrat..........................................387 CODEBOOK VARIABLE LIST xxvii Variable Page Number Number 416 Type Democrat..............................................387 417 Closer To Which Party......................................388 418 Closer Type Republican.....................................388 419 Closer Type Democrat.......................................389 420 Personal Political Orientation.............................389 421 Presidential Choice........................................390 MISCELLANEOUS ATTITUDE QUESTIONS 422 Military Spending..........................................391 423 Social Services Spending...................................392 424 Industrial Strike..........................................393 425 Belong To A Social Class...................................394 426 Class Affiliation..........................................395 427 Forced Class Affiliation...................................396 428 Income Inequality..........................................397 429 Government Serves Interest Of Most.........................398 430 Traditional Roles Benefit Family...........................399 431 Equal Sharing Of Housework.................................400 432 Not Enough Women In Business...............................401 433 As Many Women In Business..................................402 434 Easier For Blacks..........................................403 435 Not Enough Blacks In Business..............................403 DEMOGRAPHICS 436 Level Education............................................404 437 High School Graduation.....................................404 438 Other Schooling............................................405 439 Kind Other Schooling 1.....................................406 440 Kind Other Schooling 2.....................................407 441 College Degree.............................................408 442 Type Degree................................................409 443 College Name...............................................410 444 Year Receive...............................................410 445 Where Grow Up - State 1....................................411 446 Where Grow Up - State 2....................................412 447 Where Live Age 16..........................................413 448 Rural - Urban..............................................414 449 Suburb.....................................................415 450 Name Largest City Near.....................................415 451 Size City..................................................416 452 Name City..................................................417 453 U.S. Citizen...............................................418 454 Family Religious...........................................419 455 Family Type Religion.......................................419 456 How Often Family Attend....................................420 457 Respondent Religious.......................................420 458 Type Religion..............................................421 459 How Often Attend...........................................421 CODEBOOK VARIABLE LIST xxviii Variable Page Number Number 460 Race.......................................................422 461 Ethnicity..................................................422 462 Type Ethnicity 1...........................................423 463 Type Ethnicity 2...........................................423 464 Interview Checkpoint 11....................................424 465 Individual Income More Than 20,000.........................424 466 Individual Income Per Year.............................425-426 467 Family Income Per Year.................................427-428 468 Number of Dependents.......................................429 469 Government Income..........................................430 470 Percent Government Income..................................431 471 Amount Government Income Per Year..........................431 472 Property Income............................................432 473 Percent Property Income....................................433 474 Amount Property Income Per Year............................433 475 Investment Income..........................................434 476 Percent Investment Income..................................435 477 Amount Investment Income Per Year..........................435 478 Own Home...................................................436 479 Zip Code...................................................437 480 Number Of Telephones.......................................438 481 All Phones Same Number.....................................438 482 How Many Phone Numbers.....................................439 483 How Many Business Phones...................................439 THUMBNAIL SKETCH 484 Household Member Number 1 - Respondent.....................440 485 Respondent - Age...........................................441 486 Respondent - Sex...........................................442 487 Household Member Number 2 - Relation To Respondent.........443 488 Household Member Number 2 - Age............................444 489 Household Member Number 2 - Sex............................444 490 Household Member Number 3 - Relation To Respondent.........445 491 Household Member Number 3 - Age............................446 492 Household Member Number 3 - Sex............................446 493 Household Member Number 4 - Relation To Respondent.........447 494 Household Member Number 4 - Age............................448 495 Household Member Number 4 - Sex............................448 496 Household Member Number 5 - Relation To Respondent.........449 497 Household Member Number 5 - Age............................450 498 Household Member Number 5 - Sex............................450 499 Household Member Number 6 - Relation To Respondent.........451 500 Household Member Number 6 - Age............................452 501 Household Member Number 6 - Sex............................452 502 Household Member Number 7 - Relation To Respondent.........453 503 Household Member Number 7 - Age............................454 504 Household Member Number 7 - Sex............................454 505 Household Member Number 8 - Relation To Respondent.........455 506 Household Member Number 8 - Age............................456 507 Household Member Number 8 - Sex............................456 CODEBOOK VARIABLE LIST xxix Variable Page Number Number 508 Household Member Number 9 - Relation To Respondent.........457 509 Household Member Number 9 - Age............................457 510 Household Member Number 9 - Sex............................458 511 Household Member Number 10 - Relation to Respondent........458 512 Household Member Number 10 - Age...........................459 513 Household Member Number 10 - Sex...........................459 514 Number Eligible In Household...............................460 515 Number Working In Household................................461 516 Number Housewives In Household.............................461 517 Form.......................................................462 518 Refusal Conversion.........................................462 519 Partial Interviews.........................................463 520 Status.....................................................463 EMPLOYMENT COMPANY NAME 521 Company Name...............................................464 522 Larger Company Name........................................465 POLITICAL PARTICIPATION GROUP NAME 523 Group Name.................................................466 524 Larger Group Name..........................................467 CONSTRUCTED VARIABLES 525 WEIGHT - Sample Weight.....................................468 526 WOCCED - Occupation and Education Weight...................468 527 SEI - Standard Duncan Status Score - Current Occupation....469 528 P1SEI - Standard Duncan Status Score - Prior Job 1.........469 529 P2SEI - Standard Duncan Status Score - Prior Job 2.........470 530 KSEI - Standard Duncan Status Score - Parents' Occupation..470 531 SPSEI - Standard Duncan Status Score - Spouse Occupation...470 532 AUTON - Autonomy...........................................471 533 SANCT - Sanctioning Authority..............................472 534 MANAGER....................................................473 535 CLASS......................................................474 536 OCCR - Respondent Occupation...........................475-477 537 INDR - Respondent Industrial Sector....................478-479 CODEBOOK VARIABLE LIST xxx SWEDEN SPECIFIC VARIABLES Variable Page Number Number DEMOGRAPHICS 538 ARBTID - Number Hours Work Per Week........................480 539 VI - Labor Dispute Involvement - Wild Cat Strike...........480 540 CIVST - Cohabitation Status................................481 541 BARN - Number Of Children Live At Home.....................482 542 UTBILD - Respondent's Education............................483 543 SEISWEDE - Respondent's Main Occupation....................484 544 EXSEI - Respondent's Second Job............................484 545 SEIM - Spouse's Occupation.................................485 546 SEIU - Father's Occupation.................................485 547 SEIMOR - Mother's Occupation...............................486 548 SVAPER - Data Collection Technique.........................486 549 SAP - Political Party Sympathy - Social Democratic Party...487 550 MOD - Political Party Sympathy - Conservative Party........488 551 CEN - Political Party Sympathy - Center Party..............488 552 FP - Political Party Sympathy - Liberal Party..............489 553 VPK - Polical Party Sympathy - Communist Party.............489 554 UPPORT - Place Respondent Lived While Growing Up...........490 555 MEDB - Respondent Citizenship..............................491 556 MEDBF - Previous Citizenship...............................492 557 MALO - Present Wages.......................................493 558 STRL - Residence City Size.................................494 559 HIBRYT - Opinion Of Strike Breakers........................495 NORWAY SPECIFIC VARIABLES OCCUPATION AND EMPLOYMENT DESCRIPTION 560 SP001 - Employment Status..................................496 561 SP002 - Employment Temporarily Absent......................496 562 SP003 - Permanent Employment...............................497 563 SP004 - Length Of Temporary Employment.....................497 564 SP005 - Employment Attempt.................................498 565 SP006A1 - Contact Employment Agency........................498 566 SP006A2 - Answer Advertisement.............................499 567 SP006A3 - Contact Possible Employers.......................499 568 SP006A4 - Other Method.....................................500 569 SP006B - Main Activities Last Week.........................501 570 SP010 - Firm Ownership.....................................502 571 SP011 - Per Cent Own.......................................502 572 SP012 - Company Joint Stock Or Individual Own..............503 573 SP013 - Participate In Management..........................503 574 SP301 - Family Business - Government Funds.................504 575 SP014 - Number Employed....................................505 576 SP015 - Number Employed - Seasonal.........................505 577 SP016 - Number Of Weeks - Seasonal.........................506 578 SP017 - Business Value.....................................506 579 SP018 - Self-employed......................................507 CODEBOOK VARIABLE LIST xxxi Variable Page Number Number 580 SP019 - Total Income From Business.........................507 581 SP020 - Personal Income From Business......................508 582 SP021 - Salary - Collective Wage Rates.....................508 583 SP022 - Wage Increase Exceeds Standard Rate................509 584 SP023 - Total Wage - Main Occupation.......................509 585 SP023B - Highly Variable Income............................510 586 SP024 - Monthly Net Income - Main Occupation...............510 587 SP025 - Company Name (data not available)..................511 588 SP026 - Number Employed....................................512 589 SP027 - More Than One Location.............................513 590 SP028 - Number Employed Entire Corporation.................514 591 SP029 - Employed By Government Agency......................515 592 SP030 - Employed By Political Or Religious Organization....515 593 SP031 - Company - Government Funds.........................516 594 SP033 - Per Cent Of Total Income...........................516 595 SP034 - Additional Income Source...........................517 596 SP038 - Second Job - Supervisor............................517 597 SP039 - Second Job Gross Income............................518 598 SP041 - Hours Work Per Week - Main Job.....................518 599 SP042 - Weeks Work Per Year - Main Job.....................519 600 SP043 - Formal On-The-Job Training.........................519 601 SP044 - Number Of Months Training..........................520 602 SP045 - Formal Training Previous Employment................520 JOB AUTONOMY 603 SP058 - Promotion - Present Employer.......................521 604 SP062A - Grant Pay Raise, Promotion To Subordinate.........521 605 SP062B - Prevent Pay Raise To Subordinate..................522 606 SP062C - Fire Or Suspend Subordinate.......................523 607 SP062D - Issue Formal Warning To Subordinate...............524 608 SP064A - Decision Increase/Decrease Number Employed........525 609 SP064B - Decision Change Product/Service...................526 610 SP064C - Decision Change Routine Pace Of Work..............527 611 SP064D - Decision Change Methods/Procedures Of Work........528 612 SP064E - Decision Of Overall Size Of Budget................529 613 SP064F - Decision Of Distribution Of Funds.................530 614 SP064G - Decision On Kinds Of People Employed..............531 615 SP064H - Other Decision....................................532 EMPLOYMENT PROMOTIONS AND HIRING 616 SP065 - Management Position................................533 617 SP067 - Promotion Possibility..............................534 618 SP068 - Previous Promotion.................................535 619 SP069 - How Get Previous Promotion.........................536 620 SP070 - Other Applicants...................................537 CODEBOOK VARIABLE LIST xxxii Variable Page Number Number 621 SP071 - Outside Applicant Opportunities....................537 622 SP072 - Outside Applicants.................................538 623 SP073 - Others Failed to Apply.............................538 624 SP074A - Importance Of Seniority...........................539 625 SP074B - Importance Of On-The-Job Training.................540 626 SP074C - Importance Of Vocational Training.................541 627 SP074D - Importance Of Good Examination Marks..............542 628 SP074E - Importance Of Threat To Quit......................543 629 SP074F - Importance Of Having Done Good Job................544 630 SP074G - Importance Of Union Support.......................545 631 SP074H - Importance Of Being On Good Terms With Management.546 632 SP074I - Importance Of Other Circumstances.................547 633 SP074J - Other Circumstances...............................548 634 SP075 - Specific Vocational Training Essential.............548 635 SP076 - Who Decided........................................549 636 SP077 - Kind Of Vocational Training Requested..............549 637 SP078 - Use Of Training....................................550 638 SP079 - Advantage To Be Man For Promotion..................550 639 SP080 - How Hired Present Employment.......................551 640 SP081 - Other Applicants...................................552 641 SP082 - Others Failed To Apply.............................552 642 SP083A - Importance Of Professional Experience.............553 643 SP083B - Importance Of Vocational Training.................554 644 SP083C - Importance Of Good Examination Marks..............555 645 SP083D - Importance Of Good Interview......................556 646 SP083E - Importance Of Being First To Apply................557 647 SP083F - Importance Of Connectins..........................558 648 SP083G - Importance Of Other Circumstances.................559 649 SP083H - Circumstance Of Greatest Importance...............560 650 SP084 - Specific Vocational Training Essential.............561 651 SP085 - Who Decided........................................561 652 SP086 - Kind Of Vocational Training Requested..............562 653 SP087 - Use Of Training....................................562 654 SP088 - Trade-Union Support................................563 655 SP089A - Change Work Place Within A Year...................563 656 SP089B - Definite Plans Change Work Place..................564 MISCELLANEOUS ATTITUDE QUESTIONS 657 SP098G - Taxes Reduced By Cutting Social Security Expenses.565 658 SP098I - Class Differences Insignificant In Norway.........566 659 SP098S - Economic Success Dependent On Luck................567 WORK HISTORY 660 SP101 - Previous Paid Work.................................568 661 SP103 - Formal Education Completed - Previous Job..........569 662 SP104 - Year Began First Job After Formal Education........569 663 SP109 - Last Job, Employee, Self-employed, Family Business.570 664 SP110 - Last Job - Supervise Work Of Others................570 CODEBOOK VARIABLE LIST xxxiii Variable Page Number Number 665 SP111 - Last Job - Influence Promotions/Discipline.........571 666 SP112 - Ever Own Business Or Work For Self.................571 667 SP113 - Any Paid Employees.................................572 668 SP114 - Largest Number Of Employees........................572 669 SP115 - Ever Employee In Company Not Owned.................573 670 SP116 - Number Of Hours Worked Per Week Last Job...........573 671 SP117 - Kind Of Business Or Organization...................574 672 SP118 - Respondent's Main Occupation.......................575 673 SP119 - Year Job Began.....................................575 674 SP119B - Year Job Ended....................................576 675 SP120 - Reason For Leaving.................................577 676 SP121 - Previous Job Before Current Job....................578 677 SP122 - First Job, Employee, Self-employed, Family Business578 678 SP123 - Same Employer......................................579 679 SP132 - Supervise Others - First Job.......................579 680 SP133 - Influence Pay Or Promotions Of Subordinates........580 681 SP134 - Any Paid Employees.................................580 682 SP135 - Number Of Employees................................581 683 SP136 - Kind Of Business Or Organization...................581 684 SP137 - Respondent's Main Occupation.......................582 685 SP138 - Number Of Hours Worked Per Week - First Job........582 686 SP139 - Year Job Began.....................................583 687 SP139B - Year Job Ended....................................583 688 SP140 - Main Reason For Leaving............................584 689 SP141 - What Do Between End Of Job and Begin Next..........585 690 SP146 - Ever Unemployed....................................586 691 SP147 - Year Last Unemployed...............................587 692 SP148 - Number Of Months Unemployed........................587 693 SP149 - When Was That......................................588 UNION PARTICIPATION 694 SP150 - Member Trade Union Or Occupational Organization....588 695 SP152E - Union Concerned With Education Credentials........589 696 SP153A - Union Office At Workplace.........................590 697 SP153B - Shop Stewards Fixed Hours.........................590 698 SP155A - Labor Dispute Involvement - Organized Strike......591 699 SP155C - Labor Dispute Involvement - Lock-out..............591 700 SP155D - Labor Dispute Involvement - Go-slow Action........592 701 SP156 - Labor Dispute Involvement - Other Work Places......592 702 SP157 - Member Work Interest Organization..................593 703 SP158A - Ever Involved Organizing Lock-out.................593 704 SP158B - Ever Involved Organizing Delivery Stop............594 705 SP158C - Ever Involved Organizing Other....................594 706 SP159 - Colleagues At Work Place...........................595 707 SP160A - Close Colleague Cooperation.......................595 708 SP160B - Pleasant Tone Among Employees.....................596 CODEBOOK VARIABLE LIST xxxiv Variable Page Number Number SPOUSE AND THE DIVISION OF LABOR 709 SP187 - Hours Per Week Spouse Work Paying Job..............596 710 SP195C - Household Chores - Others - Cooking Meals.........597 711 SP195F - Household Chores - Others - Cleaning After Meals..598 712 SP195I - Household Chores - Others - Laundry...............598 713 SP195L - Household Chores - Others - Routine House Cleaning599 714 SP195O - Household Chores - Others - Grocery Shopping......599 715 SP195R - Household Chores - Others - Child Care............600 716 SP197 - Number Of Children.................................601 717 SP199 - Number Of Children Under Age 16....................602 FAMILY BACKGROUND 718 SP210 - Main Occupation Respondent's Breadwinner...........603 719 SP211 - Main Breadwinner Self-employed.....................604 POLITICAL PARTICIPATION 720 SP214A - Political Party Sympathy - Labor Party............604 721 SP214B - Political Party Sympathy - Socialist Left Party...605 722 SP214C - Political Party Sympathy - Conservative Party.....606 723 SP214D - Political Party Sympathy - Centre Party...........607 724 SP214E - Political Party Sympathy - Christian Democratic...608 725 SP214F - Political Party Sympathy - Liberal Party..........609 726 SP214G - Political Party Sympathy - Party Of Progress......610 727 SP215 - Party Voted For General Election 1981..............611 DEMOGRAPHICS 728 SP219 - Highest Grade Of School Completed..................612 729 SP220 - Year Completed Or Will Complete Education..........613 730 SP221 - Branch Of Study....................................613 731 SP222 - Other Education....................................614 732 SP223A - Classification Of Education.......................614 733 SP223B - Name Of School Type...............................615 734 SP224 - Year Completed Or Will Complete Education..........616 735 SP225 - Other Education More Useful........................616 736 SP226A - Classification Of Education.......................617 737 SP226B - Name Of School Type...............................618 738 SP227 - Year Completed Or Will Complete Education..........619 739 SP228 - Any Vocational Training............................619 740 SP229 - Classification Of Vocational Training..............620 741 SP230 - Craft Certificate..................................620 742 SP231 - Subject/Area Of Craft Certificate..................621 743 SP232 - Year Craft Certificate Received....................621 744 SP233 - County Resided Longest Before Age 16...............622 745 SP234 - Year Born..........................................622 CODEBOOK VARIABLE LIST xxxv Variable Page Number Number 746 SP236 - County Present Residence...........................623 747 SP244 - Own Residence......................................624 CONSTRUCTED VARIABLES 748 KOMTYPE - Type Of Community Respondent Residence...........625 749 DISTTYPE - Type Of District/Region Respondent Residence....626 750 I1SP007 - Respondent's Industry Collapsed..................626 751 I1SP035 - Respondent's Second Job Industry Collapsed.......627 752 I1SP117 - Respondent's Last Job Industry Collapsed.........628 753 I1SP136 - Respondent's First Job Industry Collapsed........629 754 I1SP188 - Respondent's Spouse Industry Collapsed...........630 755 I1SP201 - Respondent's Parents Industry Collapsed..........631 756 O3SP008 - Respondent's Occupation Collapsed................631 757 O3SP036 - Respondent's Second Occupation Collapsed.....632-633 758 O3SP118 - Respondent's Last Occupation Collapsed.......634-635 759 O3SP137 - Respondent's First Reg Occupation Collapsed..636-637 760 O3SP167 - Respondent's Friend 1 Occupation Collapsed...638-639 761 O3SP174 - Respondent's Friend 2 Occupation Collapsed...640-641 762 O3SP181 - Respondent's Friend 3 Occupation Collapsed...642-643 763 O3SP189 - Respondent's Spouse Occupation Collapsed.....644-645 764 O3SP202 - Respondent's Parent Occupation Collapsed.....646-647 765 O3SP209 - Respondent's Mother Occupation Collapsed.....648-649 766 O3SP210 - Respondent's Main Breadwinner Occupation.....650-651 767 UTDAAR - Number Years Education - Respondent...............652 768 UTDNIV - Level Of Education................................653 CANADA SPECIFIC VARIABLES REQUIRE EXTENSIVE RECODING TO BE EQUIVALENT CURRENT OCCUPATION AND EMPLOYMENT DESCRIPTION 769 Q6B - Work For Government Agency...........................654 770 Q6C - Self-employed In Own Business........................655 771 Q8 - Number Of People Employed.............................656 772 Q12 - Dollar Value Of Business.............................657 773 Q14 - Type Of Farm.........................................658 774 Q19A - Type Of Farm Ownership..............................659 775 Q32A - Business Incorporated...............................660 776 Q39A2 - Part Of Larger Corporation.........................661 777 Q33 - Government Agency Federal, Provincial Or Municipal...662 ATTITUDES ABOUT ECONOMIC CHANGE 778 Q138AR1 - Poverty Reason 1.................................663 779 Q138AR2 - Poverty Reason 2.................................664 780 A138AR3 - Poverty Reason 3.................................665 781 Q138BS1 - Poverty Solution 1...............................666 CODEBOOK VARIABLE LIST xxxvi Variable Page Number Number 782 Q138BS2 - Poverty Solution 2...............................667 783 Q138BS3 - Poverty Solution 3...............................668 WORK HISTORY 784 Q97BFRMO - When Unemployment Began Month...................669 785 Q97BFRYR - When Unemployment Began Year....................670 786 Q97BTOMO - When Unemployment Ended Month...................671 787 Q97BTOYR - When Unemployment Ended Year....................671 788 Q97CMOS - Number Of Months Unemployed......................672 789 Q97CYRS - Number Of Years Unemployed.......................673 790 Q97DFRMO - Last Time Unemployed Month Began................674 791 Q97DFRYR - Last Time Unemployed Year Began.................674 792 Q97DTOMO - Last Time Unemployed Month Ended................675 793 Q97DTOYR - Last Time Unemployed Year Ended.................675 794 Q97EFRMO - Longest Stretch Ever Unemployed Month Began.....676 795 Q97EFRYR - Longest Stretch Ever Unemployed Year Began......676 796 Q97ETOMO - Longest Stretch Ever Unemployed Month Ended.....677 797 Q97ETOYR - Longest Stretch Ever Unemployed Year Ended......677 798 Q98BFRM1 - Period 1 Month Unemployment Began...............678 799 Q98BFRY1 - Period 1 Year Unemployment Began................679 800 Q98BTOM1 - Period 1 Month Unemployment Ended...............680 801 Q98BTOY1 - Period 1 Year Unemployment Ended................681 802 Q98BFRM2 - Period 2 Month Unemployment Began...............682 803 Q98BFRY2 - Period 2 Year Unemployment Began................683 804 Q98BTOM2 - Period 2 Month Unemployment Ended...............684 805 Q98BTOY2 - Period 2 Year Unemployment Ended................685 806 Q98BFRM3 - Period 3 Month Unemployment Began...............686 807 Q98BFRY3 - Period 3 Year Unemployment Began................687 808 Q98BTOM3 - Period 3 Month Unemployment Ended...............688 809 Q98BTOY3 - Period 3 Year Unemployment Ended................689 810 Q98CWTS1 - Period 1 Went To School.........................690 811 Q98CMRF1 - Period 1 Married, Raised A Family...............691 812 Q98CID1 - Period 1 Ill, Disabled...........................692 813 Q98CT1 - Period 1 Travelled................................693 814 Q98CNNW1 - Period 1 Didn't Feel Like Working...............694 815 Q98CO1A - Period 1 Activities During Unemployment..........695 816 Q98CWTS2 - Period 2 Went To School.........................696 817 Q98CMRF2 - Period 2 Married, Raised A Family...............697 818 Q98CID2 - Period 2 Ill, Disabled...........................698 819 Q98CT2 - Period 2 Travelled................................699 820 Q98CNNW2 - Period 2 Didn't Feel Like Working...............700 821 Q98CO2A - Period 2 Activities During Unemployment.........701 822 Q98CWTS3 - Period 3 Went To School.........................702 823 Q98CMRF3 - Period 3 Married, Raised A Family...............703 824 Q98CID3 - Period 3 Ill, Disabled...........................704 825 Q98CT3 - Period 3 Travelled................................705 826 Q98CNNW3 - Period 3 Didn't Feel Like Working...............706 827 Q98CO3A - Period 3 Activities During Unemployment..........707 828 Q99BFRMO - Last Time Want Job Month Unemployment Began.....708 829 Q99BFRYR - Last Time Want Job Year Unemployment Began......708 CODEBOOK VARIABLE LIST xxxvii Variable Page Number Number 830 Q99BTOMO - Last Time Want Job Month Unemployment Ended.....709 831 Q99BTOYR - Last Time Want Job Year Unemployment Ended......709 832 Q99D - Number Of Weeks Unemployed..........................710 833 Q99E1 - Support During Unemployment 1......................710 834 Q99E2 - Support During Unemployment 2......................711 835 Q99JFRMO - Longest Stretch Unemployment Month Began........711 836 Q99JTOMO - Longest Stretch Unemployment Month Ended........712 837 Q99JFRYR - Longest Stretch Unemployment Year Began.........712 838 Q99JTOYR - Longest Stretch Unemployment Year Ended.........713 UNION PARTICIPATION 839 Q89 - Number Of Times On Strike............................714 840 Q90A - Most Recent Year On Strike..........................715 SPOUSE AND THE DIVISION OF LABOR 841 Q119B - Marital Status.....................................716 POLITICAL PARTICIPATION 842 Q150A1 - Most Important Group Issue 1......................717 843 Q150A2 - Most Important Group Issue 2......................718 844 Q151A - Political Opinions Of Group........................719 845 Q152A - Ways Participate In Group 1........................720 846 Q152B - Ways Participate In Group 2........................721 847 Q153A - Federal Political Attitude.........................722 DEMOGRAPHICS 848 Q143C - Class..............................................723 849 Q100A - Highest Level Of Education.........................724 850 Q100B - Field Of Study 1...................................725 851 Q100BB - Field Of Study 2..................................726 852 Q100C - Year Study Completed...............................727 853 Q100D - Number Of Years Attended School....................728 854 Q100E - Currently Student..................................729 855 Q166A - Lived Childhood In Urban Or Rural Area.............730 856 Q168C - Religion...........................................731 857 Q168E - How Often Attend Religious Services................732 EMPLOYMENT COMPANY NAME 858 Q40 - Company Name.........................................733 859 Q41B - Larger Corporation Name 1...........................734 860 Q41B2 - Larger Corporation Name 2..........................735 861 Q41B3 - Larger Corporation Name 3..........................736 CODEBOOK VARIABLE LIST xxxviii Variable Page Number Number WORK HISTORY 862 Q99C - How Long Unemployed.................................737 863 Q100MO - Month Began Working Main Job......................738 864 Q100YR - Year Began Working Main Job.......................739 CANADA SPECIFIC VARIABLES RECODED TO MATCH U.S. CORE VARIABLES OCCUPATION AND EMPLOYMENT DESCRIPTION 865 Q1A - Ever Work on Regular Basis...........................740 866 Q30 - Business or Farm Value...............................741 867 Q39C - Number of People Employed - Actual Number...........742 868 Q39C2 - Number of People Employed - Estimated Number.......743 869 Q41A - Part of Larger Corporation..........................744 SUPERVISION 870 Q72 - Supervise Other Employees............................745 871 Q72A - Ever Supervise Other Employees......................746 872 Q73B - Occupation of Subordinate...........................747 873 Q74 - Subordinate Ever Supervise Others....................748 874 Q75A - Directly Responsible For Tasks of Others............749 875 Q75B - Decide Procedures or Tools of Subordinates..........750 876 Q75C - Decide Pace of Work of Subordinates.................751 877 Q77A - Greatest Influence on Pay Raise.....................752 878 Q77B - Greatest Influence on Preventing Raise..............753 879 Q77C - Greatest Influence on Firing........................754 880 Q77D - Greatest Influence on Issuing Formal Warning........755 DECISION MAKING 881 Q80 - Policy Making Participation..........................756 882 Q81A - Decision Increase Number of Employees...............757 883 Q81B - Decision Change Products............................758 884 Q81C - Decision Routine Pace of Work.......................759 885 Q81D - Decision Basic Work Methods.........................760 886 Q81E - Decision Budget.....................................761 887 Q81F - Decision Overall Size of Budget.....................762 888 Q81G - Decision Distribution of Funds......................763 WORK HISTORY 889 Q93 - Want to be Self-employed.............................764 890 Q98A - Ever Unemployed And Not Want a Job..................765 891 Q118FRST - Activity Between Jobs 1.....................766-767 892 Q118SND - Activity Between Jobs 2......................768-769 CODEBOOK VARIABLE LIST xxxix Variable Page Number Number SPOUSE AND THE DIVISION OF LABOR 893 Q127AR - % Time Respondent Spends With Children............770 894 Q127AS - % Time Spouse Spends With Children................771 FAMILY BACKGROUND 895 Q160C - Breadwinner Self-employed..........................772 896 Q162B - Number of Years Mother Worked......................773 FRIENDS AND RELATIVES 897 Q134A - Person 1 Friend or Relative........................774 898 Q135A - Person 2 Friend or Relative........................775 899 Q136A - Person 3 Friend or Relative........................776 UNION PARTICIPATION 900 Q142 - Desired Outcome of Strike...........................777 DEMOGRAPHICS 901 Q166C - Size of City or Town...............................778 HOUSEHOLD MEMBERS 902 REL1 - Relationship of Household Member 2..................779 903 REL3 - Relationship of Household Member 4..................780 904 REL4 - Relationship of Household Member 5..................781 CONSTRUCTED VARIABLES 905 OCC3 - Respondent's Occupation Collapsed...............782-783 906 IND1 - Respondent's Industry Collapsed.....................784 EMPLOYMENT 907 Q44 - Number of Hours Work a Week..........................785 CANADA SPECIFIC VARIABLES DO NOT MATCH U.S. CORE VARIABLES DEMOGRAPHIC VARIABLES OBTAINED FROM QUESTIONNAIRE COVER SHEET 908 INFAGE - Age of Informant..................................786 909 INFSEX - Sex of Informant..................................786 910 RESP - Respondent's Household Status.......................787 911 INT - Sex of Interviewer...................................788 CODEBOOK VARIABLE LIST xl Variable Page Number Number 912 PROV - Respondent's Province of Residence..................788 913 CHI1 - Respondent's Relationship to Child 1................789 914 CHI1AGE - Age of Child 1...................................789 915 CHI1SEX - Sex of Child 1...................................790 916 CHI2 - Respondent's Relationship to Child 2................790 917 CHI2AGE - Age of Child 2...................................791 918 CHI2SEX - Sex of Child 2...................................791 919 CHI3 - Respondent's Relationship to Child 3................792 920 CHI3AGE - Age of Child 3...................................792 921 CHI3SEX - Sex of Child 3...................................793 922 CHI4 - Respondent's Relationship to Child 4................793 923 CHI4AGE - Age of Child 4...................................794 924 CHI4SEX - Sex of Child 4...................................794 925 CHI5 - Respondent's Relationship to Child 5................795 926 CHI5AGE - Age of Child 5...................................795 927 CHI5SEX - Sex of Child 5...................................796 928 CHI6 - Respondent's Relationship to Child 6................796 929 CHI6AGE - Age of Child 6...................................797 930 CHI6SEX - Sex of Child 6...................................797 931 CHI7 - Respondent's Relationship to Child 7................798 932 CHI7AGE - Age of Child 7...................................798 933 CHI7SEX - Sex of Child 7...................................799 934 CHI8 - Respondent's Relationship to Child 8................799 935 CHI8AGE - Age of Child 8...................................800 936 CHI8SEX - Sex of Child 8...................................800 937 CHI9 - Respondent's Relationship to Child 9................801 938 CHI9AGE - Age of Child 9...................................801 939 CHI9SEX - Sex of Child 9...................................802 940 VERS5 - Split Sample.......................................802 OCCUPATION AND EMPLOYMENT DESCRIPTION 941 Q1BM - Last Work Regular Job - Actual Month................803 942 Q1DM - Last Try to Find Job - Actual Month.................803 943 Q4 - Occupation 4-digit Code...............................804 944 QCODE - Respondent's Occupation Codeable to 7-digits.......805 945 Q7 - Have Paid Employees...................................806 946 Q13B - Official Name of Business 1.........................806 947 Q13B1 - Official Name of Business 2........................807 948 Q15Y - % Farm Labor Done by Respondent.....................807 949 Q15OUFM - % Farm Labor Done by Other Unpaid Family.........808 950 Q15OPMF - % Farm Labor Done by Other Paid Family...........808 951 Q15OPH - % Farm Labor Done by Other Paid Help..............809 952 Q19B - Number of Acres Owned...............................809 953 Q19C - Also Rent Land......................................810 954 Q19DACRE - Number of Rented Acres..........................810 955 Q19DRENT - Amount of Annual Rent...........................811 956 Q20 - Gross Farm Revenue...................................811 957 Q21MB - % Farm Revenue From Marketing Boards...............812 958 Q21WB - % Farm Revenue From Wholesale Distributor..........812 959 Q21P - % Farm Revenue From Processor.......................813 CODEBOOK VARIABLE LIST xli Variable Page Number Number 960 Q21DTC - % Farm Revenue From Direct Marketing..............813 961 Q32B - Is Business Incorporated............................814 962 Q34 - Name of Government Agency............................815 963 Q35C - Advantage to be Employed For Advancement............815 964 Q36 - Number of Employees at Headquarters - Actual Number..816 965 Q36A - Number of Employees at Headquarters - Estimate......817 966 Q37C - Advantage to be Employed............................818 967 Q38 - Any Recent Significant Lay-offs......................818 968 Q42CCODE - Respondent's Occupation Codeable to 7-digits....819 969 Q42F - Any Paid Employees..................................820 970 Q42G - Number of Employees.................................820 JOB AUTONOMY 971 Q42H - Supervise Work of Other Employees...................821 972 Q42I - Influence Pay of Subordinates.......................821 973 Q46A - Plan or Design Own or Other's Work..................822 974 Q47E - Decide How to Proceed...............................822 975 Q48A - Supervisor Directs Work.............................823 976 Q48B - Required to Report to Supervisor....................823 977 Q49 - Supervisor's Sex.....................................824 978 Q50A - Supervisor Decides Specific Tasks...................824 979 Q50B - Supervisor Decides Procedures.......................825 980 Q50C - Supervisor Decides Amount and Speed of Work.........826 981 Q50D - Follow Supervisor's Instructions Closely............826 982 Q52A - Supervisor Influences Pay Raise.....................827 983 Q52B - Supervisor Influences Issuing of Formal Warnings....828 984 Q54 - Employer Provides Written Work Procedures............829 985 Q55A - Written Procedures Specify Daily Tasks..............829 986 Q55B - Written Procedures Specify Procedure................830 987 Q55C - Written Procedures Specify Amount And Speed.........830 988 Q57 - Closely Follow Written Procedures....................831 989 Q58A - Official Record of Amount of Output.................831 990 Q58B - Official Record of Amount of Time...................832 991 Q59 - Equipment Required on Job............................832 992 Q59A - Equipment Description 1.............................833 993 Q59B - Equipment Description 2.............................834 994 Q59C - Equipment Description 3.............................835 995 Q60A - Assemble Product on Your Own........................836 996 Q60B - Assemble Product With Others........................836 997 Q60C - Work on Assembly Line...............................837 998 Q60D - Work With Continuous Process Technology.............837 999 Q60E - Main Type Equipment or Process......................838 1000 Q61A - Amount Equipment Influences Pace....................839 1001 Q61B - Amount Equipment Influences Tasks...................840 1002 Q61C - Amount Equipment Influences Procedure...............841 1003 Q62 - Closely Follow Fixed Routine.........................842 1004 Q63A - Work Under Incentive System.........................842 1005 Q63B - Type of Incentive System............................843 1006 Q64 - Work Under Quota System..............................844 1007 Q65 - Level of Formal Schooling Required...................845 1008 Q66 - Amount of On-The-Job Training Required...............846 CODEBOOK VARIABLE LIST xlii Variable Page Number Number 1009 Q66A - Amount of Training Over 1 Year......................847 1010 Q67 - How Use Skills.......................................848 1011 Q68A - Amount Hand Skills Required.........................849 1012 Q68B - Amount Knowledge Surrounding Work...................850 1013 Q68C - Amount Creativity Surrounding Work..................851 1014 Q68D - Amount Understanding Based on Experience Required...852 1015 Q68E - Amount Ability to Make Decisions Required...........853 1016 Q68F - Amount Abstract Knowledge Required..................854 1017 Q68G - Amount Ability to Communicate Required..............855 1018 Q68H - Amount Ability to Direct Work of Others Required....856 1019 Q68I - Amount Skill Required...............................857 1020 Q69 - Others Consider Your Job Skilled.....................858 1021 Q70 - Amount of Thought Attention Required.................859 1022 Q71A - How Important Working With Hands....................860 1023 Q71B - How Important Dealing With People...................861 1024 Q71C - How Important Working With Information..............862 SUPERVISION 1025 Q73A1 - Supervise 1 or More Directly.......................863 1026 Q73A2 - Number Supervise Directly..........................863 1027 Q73C - Sex of Subordinate..................................864 1028 Q73D1 - Number Male........................................864 1029 Q73D2 - Number Female......................................865 1030 Q76 - Responsibility Concerning Subordinates...............866 1031 Q79A - Responsibility For Non-employees....................867 1032 Q79B - Are Non-employees Patients or Inmates...............868 DECISION MAKING 1033 Q81H1 - Important Decision Type 1..........................869 1034 Q81H2 - Important Decision Type 2..........................869 1035 Q83A - Type of Employment Position.........................870 1036 Q83B - Type of Managerial Position.........................870 1037 Q84A - Way Decisions Made - Working Conditions.............871 1038 Q84B - Way Decisions Should be Made - Working Conditions...872 1039 Q85A1 - Influence of Top Managers..........................873 1040 Q85A2 - Influence of All Other Managers....................874 1041 Q85A3 - Influence of Employees as Group....................875 1042 Q85A4 - Influence of Employee Representatives..............876 1043 Q85A5 - Influence of Respondent............................877 1044 Q85B1 - Influence Ought to Have - Top Managers.............878 1045 Q85B2 - Influence Ought to Have - All Other Managers.......879 1046 Q85B3 - Influence Ought to Have - Employees as Group.......880 1047 Q85B4 - Influence Ought to Have - Employee Representative..881 1048 Q85B5 - Influence Ought to Have - Respondent...............882 CODEBOOK VARIABLE LIST xliii Variable Page Number Number UNION PARTICIPATION 1049 Q86B - Other Collective-bargaining Associations............883 1050 Q86C1 - Union Name 1.......................................883 1051 Q86C2 - Union Name 2.......................................884 1052 Q86C3 - Union Name 3.......................................884 1053 Q90B - Involved in Strike-related Activity.................885 WORK HISTORY 1054 Q97C - Last Job Quit or Laid-off...........................885 1055 Q99E3 - Support During Unemployment 3......................886 1056 Q99F - Looked For Work Past 4 Weeks........................886 1057 Q99G3 - How Try to Find Job 3..............................887 1058 Q99J - Longest Stretch of Unemployment.....................888 1059 Q102A - First Job Self-employed............................888 1060 Q102B - Any Paid Employees.................................889 1061 Q102C - Number of Employees................................889 1062 Q102D - Same Employer......................................890 1063 Q102E - Supervise Others...................................890 1064 Q102F - Influence Pay Subordinates.........................891 1065 Q104 - Respondent's Occupation Codeable to 7-digit Code....892 1066 Q106 - Number of Hours Worked Per Week.....................893 1067 Q107A - Position Description...............................893 1068 Q107B - Type of Managerial Position........................894 1069 JMBEGAN - Month Previous Job Began.........................895 1070 JYBEGAN - Year Previous Job Began..........................896 1071 JMEND - Month Previous Job Ended...........................897 1072 JYEND - Year Previous Job Ended............................898 1073 Q110FST - Previous Job Full-time...........................899 1074 Q113 - Prior Job Codeable to 7-digit Code..................900 1075 Q116A - Position Description Prior Job.....................901 1076 Q116B - Type of Managerial Position........................901 SPOUSE AND THE DIVISION OF LABOR 1077 Q122CODE - Spouse's Occupation Codeable to 7-digit Code....902 1078 Q124E - Number of Hours Per Week Spouse Works..............903 1079 Q124F - Position Description - Spouse......................903 1080 Q124G - Type of Managerial Position - Spouse...............904 1081 Q127B - Pay For Child Care.................................904 1082 Q127C - Number of Child Care Hours.........................905 1083 Q128CR - % Yardwork - Respondent...........................905 1084 Q128CS - % Yardwork - Spouse...............................906 1085 Q128GR - % Home Maintenance - Respondent...................906 1086 Q128GS - % Home Maintenance - Spouse.......................907 1087 Q131A - Family Prevented Job Search........................907 1088 Q131B - Family Prevented Accepting Part-time Job...........908 1089 Q131C - Family Prevented Accepting Full-time Job...........908 CODEBOOK VARIABLE LIST xliv Variable Page Number Number 1090 Q131D - Family Prevented Accepting Promotion...............909 1091 Q131E - Family Prevented Accepting Transfer................909 1092 Q131F - Family Prevented Changing Jobs.....................910 1093 Q132 - Pay Help For Housework..............................910 1094 Q133CJ - Family Required Job Change........................911 1095 Q133LE - Family Required Leave Job.........................911 MISCELLANEOUS ATTITUDE QUESTIONS 1096 Q143D - Feel Close to Own Class............................912 1097 Q143E - Conflict Between Social Classes....................912 1098 Q144B - Unemployment Insurance Contribution Increase.......913 1099 Q144H - Taxes Should be Raised For Elderly Pensions........914 1100 Q144I - Welfare is Money Give-away.........................914 1101 Q144J - Government Should Guarantee Jobs...................915 1102 Q144K - Taxes Should be Raised For Welfare Benefits........915 1103 Q144L - Day Care Should be Provided For Working Women......916 POLITICAL PARTICIPATION 1104 Q150B - Most Important Issue...............................917 1105 Q151B - Group Has Socialist Orientation....................918 1106 Q153B - Group Has Political Leaning........................918 1107 Q153C - Which Political Party..............................919 1108 Q154A - Provincial Politics Preference.....................920 1109 Q154B - Provincial Politics Political Leaning..............921 1110 Q154C - Which Political Party..............................922 1111 Q154AOTH - Other Provincial Political Affiliation..........923 1112 Q154COTH - Other Political Party Leaning...................923 FAMILY BACKGROUND 1113 Q155F1 - Father Born in Canada.............................924 1114 Q155F2 - Country or Province of Father's Birth.............924 1115 Q155M1 - Mother Born in Canada.............................925 1116 Q155M2 - Country or Province of Mother's Birth.............925 1117 Q156F - Father's Highest Level of Education............926-927 1118 Q156M - Mother's Highest Level of Education............928-929 1119 Q158CODE - Breadwinner's Occupation Codeable to 7-digits...930 1120 Q161 - Number of Brothers And Sisters......................931 1121 Q162CODE - Mother's Occupation Codeable to 7-digits........932 DEMOGRAPHICS 1122 Q163A - Training Aside From Regular School.................933 1123 Q163B - What Trade.........................................933 1124 Q164A - Country of Birth - Respondent......................934 1125 Q164B - Year Came to Live in Canada........................934 CODEBOOK VARIABLE LIST xlv Variable Page Number Number 1126 Q165 - Year of Birth.......................................935 1127 Q166B - Respondent Childhood in Rural Canada...............935 1128 Q166B1 - Country or Province of Rural Area.................936 1129 Q166DCT - City or Town Name................................936 1130 Q166DPC - Respondent Childhood in Urban Canada.............937 1131 Q166DPC1 - Country or Province of Urban Area...............937 1132 Q166E - Amount of Time Lived Here..........................938 1133 Q168D - Denomination of Family Religious Services..........939 1134 Q169 - Ethnic Group Father's Family........................940 1135 Q170A - Language Most Comfortable With 1...................941 1136 Q170B - Language Most Comfortable With 2...................942 1137 Q170C - Language Most Comfortable With 3...................943 1138 Q171A - Main Language Used at Work 1.......................944 1139 Q171B - Main Language Used at Work 2.......................945 1140 Q171C - Main Language Used at Work 3.......................946 1141 Q172AEST - Household Income Estimated......................946 1142 Q172BEST - 1981 Personal Income Estimated..................947 1143 Q176C - Only Earn Income From Investments..................947 1144 Q178 - Type of Dwelling....................................948 1145 Q179 - Language Used in Interview..........................949 CONSTRUCTED VARIABLES 1146 PINE01 - Pineo-porter Class Categories.................950-951 1147 BLISHEN1 - 1971 Blishen SES Score..........................952 1148 OCC1 - Respondent's Occupation - 15 Categories.............953 1149 OCC2 - Respondent's Occupation - 5 Categories..............954 1150 IND2 - Respondent's Industry - 7 Categories................955 1151 CANCLASS - Canadian Class Locations........................956 1152 CLASS2 - Canadian Class Locations..........................957 1153 FRSTOCC - First Job Occupation.............................958 1154 FRSTIND - First Job Industry...............................958 1155 JOCC1 - First Prior Occupation - 15 Categories.............959 1156 JOCC2 - First Prior Occupation - 5 Categories..............960 1157 JOCC3 - First Prior Occupation - 27 Categories.........961-962 1158 JIND1 - First Prior Industry - 12 Categories...............963 1159 JIND2 - First Prior Industry - 7 Categories................964 1160 SOCC1 - Spouse's Occupation - 15 Categories................965 1161 SOCC2 - Spouse's Occupation - 5 Categories.................966 1162 SOCC3 - Spouse's Occupation - 27 Categories............967-968 1163 SIND1 - Spouse's Industry - 12 Categories..................969 1164 SIND2 - Spouse's Industry - 7 Categories...................970 1165 FOCC1 - Family's Occupation - 15 Categories................971 1166 FOCC2 - Family's Occupation - 5 Categories.................972 1167 FOCC3 - Family's Occupation - 27 Categories............973-974 1168 FIND1 - Family's Industry - 12 Categories..................975 1169 FIND2 - Family's Industry - 7 Categories...................976 1170 MOCC3 - Mother's Occupation - 27 Categories............977-978 1171 WEIGHT1 - Sample Weight 1..................................979 1172 WEIGHT2 - Sample Weight 2..................................979 1173 WEIGHT3 - Sample Weight 3..................................980 1174 ICPSR Study Number 1175 ICPSR Edition Number 1176 ICPSR Part Number 1177 ICPSR Sequential Case Identification Number xlvi DESCRIPTION OF CODEBOOK The data codebook gives characteristics of individual variables of which there are 1173. Below is a typical variable in the data codebook followed by an explanation of entries. The numbers in brackets do not appear in the actual text of the data codebook, but rather refer to the descriptions which match each entry. .................................................................... Õ13å REF. NO. 16. This question applies to those who are/were self-employed. Õ1å V16 Õ5å Reference: 016 Õ2å BUSINESS, PRACTICE, OR FARM Õ6å File I.D.: 02 Õ3å Location: 31 Width: 2 Õ7å Country: 1,2,5 Õ4å Implicit Decimal Places: 0 Õ8å Universe: FOR COUNTRY EQ 1,2,5 - IF REF 14 EQ 2 Õ9å Is that in your own business or service, in your own professional practice, or on your own farm? Õ10å Õ11å 1 Business or service 2 Professional practice 3 Farm 4 Independent operator -1 Skipped -2 Don't know -3 Skipped - should have been answered -5 Refused [12] 1 2 3 4 -1 -2 -3 -5 [10] U.S. A7b 142 32 17 13 1556 0 0 0 [13] Sweden TYPFOR 72 3 22 0 1045 0 3 0 Finland V16 54 31 68 0 845 0 0 0 Õ14å Note: Finland The Finnish variable, V16, was constructed using question A3 in Finnish Questionnaire I. .................................................................... xlvii Õ1å The variable number is used as a variable name when the file is processed by systems (e.g., SPSS) which use alphabetic names. Õ2å The abbreviated variable label is used by statistical systems to identify the variable on program output. Õ3å The starting location and width of this variable in the data is the format information needed to read the data into other systems. Õ4å The number of decimal places (if any) implicit in the variable is indicated. Õ5å Both a variable number and a reference number are assigned to each data item. Should the data be subsetted or rearranged in subsequent files, the variable number may change to reflect the order of the new data file, while the reference number remains the same. Õ6å File I.D. is an identification number unique to this data file. The file identification number and variable number uniquely identify any variable within the entire data set. Õ7åÕ8å Country and Universe definition together define the observations for which the variable is applicable. (See Variable 1 for country definition) Õ9å The text of the question from the survey form is included. Õ10å Indicates the code values occurring in the data for this variable. Õ11å Indicates the textual definitions of the codes. Õ12å Indicates the country and question number from the individual surveys or the assigned variable label. Õ13å Indicates the frequency of occurrence of each code. Õ14å The explanatory text refers to the current variable or a group of variables which follow. Conventions for Skipped Questions and Missing Data: 0 = value of zero -1 = skip; question does not apply because of skip logic -2 = don't know -3 = missing data; question applies but was not answered -4 = data not available for this country -5 = refused 1 V1 Reference: 1 COUNTRY File I.D.: 02 Location: 1 Width: 2 Country: 1,2,3,4,5 Implicit Decimal Places: 0 Universe: FOR COUNTRY EQ 1,2,3,4,5 - ALL COUNTRY 1 United States 1760 cases 2 Sweden 1145 cases 3 Norway 2532 cases 4 Canada 2577 cases 5 Finland 998 cases ******************************************************************** V2 Reference: 2 INTERVIEW NO File I.D.: 02 Location: 3 Width: 4 Country: 1,2,3,4,5 Implicit Decimal Places: 0 Universe: FOR COUNTRY EQ 1,2,3,4,5 - ALL U.S. INTERVIEW NUMBER Sweden ILPNR Norway ID Canada NEWID Finland NPR ******************************************************************** V3 Reference: 3 INTERVIEW ID File I.D.: 02 Location: 7 Width: 4 Country: 1,4 Implicit Decimal Places: 0 Universe: FOR COUNTRY EQ 1,4 - ALL Interviewer's ID number (four digits) U.S. ITEM 1 Canada EMPNOVER 2 V4 Reference: 4 MONTH File I.D.: 02 Location: 11 Width: 2 Country: 1 Implicit Decimal Places: 0 Universe: FOR COUNTRY EQ 1 - ALL Date - Month 6 June 7 July 8 August 9 September -1 Skipped -2 Don't know -3 Skipped - should have been answered -5 Refused 6 7 8 9 -1 -2 -3 -5 --------------------------------------------------- U.S. Item 2 400 1024 300 33 0 0 3 0 ******************************************************************** V5 Reference: 5 DAY File I.D.: 02 Location: 13 Width: 2 Country: 1 Implicit Decimal Places: 0 Universe: FOR COUNTRY EQ 1 - ALL Date - Day 1-31 Day of interview -1 Skipped -2 Don't know -3 Skipped - should have been answered -5 Refused 1-31 -1 -2 -3 -5 ---------------------------------------------------- U.S. Item 2 1754 0 0 6 0 3 V6 Reference: 6 LENGTH File I.D.: 02 Location: 15 Width: 3 Country: 1 Implicit Decimal Places: 0 Universe: FOR COUNTRY EQ 1 - ALL Length of Interview 1-995 Total minutes -1 Skipped -2 Don't know -3 Skipped - should have been answered -5 Refused 1-995 -1 -2 -3 -5 ---------------------------------------------------- U.S. Item 3 1697 0 1 62 0 4 V7 Reference: 7 TYPE File I.D.: 02 Location: 18 Width: 2 Country: 1,4 Implicit Decimal Places: 0 Universe: FOR COUNTRY EQ 1,4 - ALL Questionnaire type 1 Working for pay, self-employed, working without pay in a family business or farm 2 Housewives and Unemployed -1 Skipped -2 Don't know -3 Skipped - should have been answered -5 Refused 1 2 -1 -2 -3 -5 ---------------------------------------------------- U.S. TYPE 1498 262 0 0 0 0 Canada VERS2 1785 792 0 0 0 0 NOTE: U.S. For the U.S. questionnaire type 2, the questions were phrased in the past tense. (Variables 12 through 130) Canada For the Canadian questionnaire type 2, the questions were phrased in the past tense. 5 V8 Reference: 8 CHECKPOINT1 File I.D.: 02 Location: 20 Width: 2 Country: 1,4 Implicit Decimal Places: 0 Universe: FOR COUNTRY EQ 1,4 - IF REF 7 EQ 2 Interview checkpoint 1 Respondent is housewife 2 Respondent is unemployed, worked before 3 Respondent is unemployed, never worked -1 Skipped -2 Don't know -3 Skipped - should have been answered -5 Refused 1 2 3 -1 -2 -3 -5 ---------------------------------------------------- U.S. A2 170 91 1 1498 0 0 0 Canada XA2 143 485 163 1785 0 1 0 6 V9 Reference: 9 EVER WORKED File I.D.: 02 Location: 22 Width: 2 Country: 1,4 Implicit Decimal Places: 0 Universe: FOR COUNTRY EQ 1,4 - IF REF 8 EQ 1,3 Have you ever worked at a job on a regular basis for most of the year? 1 Yes 5 No -1 Skipped -2 Don't know -3 Skipped - should have been answered -5 Refused 1 5 -1 -2 -3 -5 ---------------------------------------------------- U.S. A2a 139 32 1589 0 0 0 Canada Q1AX 98 207 2270 0 2 0 NOTE: Canada The Canadian variable, Q1AX, excludes respondents who are unemployed or have worked before. Q1AX was constructed using Q1A REF 865. 7 V10 Reference: 10 LAST WORKED File I.D.: 02 Location: 24 Width: 2 Country: 1,4 Implicit Decimal Places: 0 Universe: FOR COUNTRY EQ 1 - IF REF 9 EQ 1 FOR COUNTRY EQ 4 - IF REF 8 EQ 2 OR REF 9 EQ 1 When did you last work a regular job for most of the year? 1-83 Last two digits of year -1 Skipped -2 Don't know -3 Skipped - should have been answered -5 Refused 1-83 -1 -2 -3 -5 ---------------------------------------------------- U.S. A2b 133 1621 0 6 0 Canada Q1BY 583 1994 0 0 0 8 REF. NOS. 11-14. These questions apply to all who have ever had jobs. V11 Reference: 11 JOB PREFERENCE File I.D.: 02 Location: 26 Width: 2 Country: 1,2,3,4,5 Implicit Decimal Places: 0 Universe: FOR COUNTRY EQ 1,4 - IF REF 7 EQ 1 OR REF 8 EQ 2 OR REF 9 EQ 1 FOR COUNTRY EQ 2,3,5 - ALL First, we'd like to know about your general views toward work. Please tell me which one of the following jobs you would rather have: 1 JOB #1: A moderately interesting and enjoyable job with high pay, or 2 JOB #2: An extremely interesting and enjoyable job with only average pay -1 Skipped -2 Don't know -3 Skipped - should have been answered -5 Refused 1 2 -1 -2 -3 -5 ---------------------------------------------------- U.S. A3 654 1059 32 0 15 0 Sweden INSARB 87 1023 0 0 35 0 Norway SP096A 228 2274 0 0 30 0 Canada Q2 773 1578 209 17 0 0 Finland V11 215 678 0 0 105 0 NOTE: Finland The Finnish variable, V11, is question B4 in Finnish Questionnaire I. The Finnish question was phrased differently: "Please tell me which of the following jobs you would rather have: 1 Only a little interesting and enjoyable job with really high pay 2 A very interesting and enjoyable job with only average pay." 9 V12 Reference: 12 OCCUPATION File I.D.: 02 Location: 28 Width: 4 Country: 1,2,3,4,5 Implicit Decimal Places: 0 Universe: FOR COUNTRY EQ 1,4 - IF REF 7 EQ 1 OR REF 8 EQ 2 OR REF 9 EQ 1 FOR COUNTRY EQ 2,5 - ALL FOR COUNTRY EQ 3 - IF REF 560 EQ 1 OR REF 561 EQ 1 Now we would like to ask you some questions about your main job/last job you held. What kind of work do/did you do? What are/were some of your main duties or activities? U.S. 1-994 3-digit 1970 Census Occupation Code Sweden 1-981 3-digit Swedish version of the Nordic Classification of Occupations Code Norway 1-7000 4-digit Norway version of the Nordic Classification of Occupations Code Canada 1113-9919 4-digit 1971 Canadian Classification and Dictionary of Occupations Code Finland 1-994 3-digit 1970 Census Occupation Code -1 Skipped -2 Don't know -3 Skipped - should have been answered -5 Refused 1-7000 -1 -2 -3 -5 ---------------------------------------------------- U.S. A4 1709 32 0 19 0 Sweden NYK 1142 0 0 3 0 Norway SP008 1684 818 0 30 0 Canada OCCUP1 2368 209 0 0 0 Finland V12 989 0 0 9 0 NOTE: U.S. See Supplementary Code 1 for 1970 Census Occupation Code. See REF 536 for U.S. collapsed version of respondent's occupation. In V12-V130 the questions were phrased in the past tense for unemployed and housewife respondents. (continued on next page) 10 (Variable 12 continued) Sweden See Supplementary Code 26 for Swedish version of the Nordic Classification of Occupations. See REF 536 for Swedish collpsed version of respondent's occupation. Norway See Supplementary Code 25 for Norwegian version of the Nordic Classification of Occupations. See REF 536 for Norwegian collapsed version of respondent's occupation. Canada The 4-digit Canadian Occupations Code is from the Occupational Classification Manual, Census of Canada, 1971, based on Canadian Classification and Dictionary of Occupations, Volume II. The Canadian variable, OCCUP1, was constructed using Q3 in the Canadian Questionnaire. See REF 536 for Canadian collapsed version of respondent's occupation. Finland See Supplementary Code 1 for 1970 Census Occupation Code. The Finnish variable, V12, is question A2a in Finnish Questionnaire I. The Finnish question was phrased differently: "What is your trade or profession? What are some of your main duties or activities?" See REF 536 for Finnish collapsed version of respondent's occupation. 11 V13 Reference: 13 INDUSTRY File I.D.: 02 Location: 32 Width: 3 Country: 1,2,3,4,5 Implicit Decimal Places: 0 Universe: FOR COUNTRY EQ 1,4 - IF REF 7 EQ 1 OR REF 8 EQ 2 OR REF 9 EQ 1 FOR COUNTRY EQ 2,5 - ALL FOR COUNTRY EQ 3 - IF REF 560 EQ 1 OR REF 561 EQ 1 What kind of business or organization is/was that in? That is, what do/did they make or do? U.S. 1-997 3-digit 1970 Census Industry Code Sweden 1-859 3-digit Swedish Industry Code Norway 11-95 2-digit Norwegian Industry Code Canada 11-999 3-digit 1980 Standard Industrial Classification Code. Finland 1-75 2-digit Finnish Industry Code -1 Skipped -2 Don't know -3 Skipped - should have been answered -5 Refused 1-997 -1 -2 -3 -5 ---------------------------------------------------- U.S. A6 1669 32 0 59 0 Sweden NGR 1141 0 0 4 0 Norway SP007 1690 818 0 24 0 Canada SIC1 2368 209 0 0 0 Finland V13 994 0 0 4 0 NOTE: U.S. See Supplementary Code 2 for 1970 Census Industry Code. See REF 537 for U.S. collapsed version of respondent's industry. (continued on next page) 12 (Variable 13 continued) Sweden See Supplementary Code 27 for Swedish Industry Code based upon the "International Standard Industrial Classification of All Economic Activities." See REF 537 for Swedish collapsed version of respondent's occupation. Norway See Supplementary Code 28 for Norwegian Industry Code based upon the "International Standard Industrial Classification of All Economic Activities." See REF 537 for Norwegian collapsed version of respondent's industry. For Norway this variable applies to all respondents who have permanent or temporary/casual work. Canada See Supplementary Code 64 for 3-digit 1980 Standard Industrial Classification Code. The Canadian variable, SIC1, was constructed using Q5 in the Canadian Questionnaire. See REF 537 for Canadian collapsed version of respondent's industry. Finland See Supplementary Code 65 for Finnish Industry Code based on the 4-digit Nordic Industry Code. The Finnish variable, V13, is question A1a in Finnish Questionnaire I. See REF 537 for Finnish collapsed version of respondent's occupation. 13 V14 Reference: 14 EMPLOYEE/S-E/WORK WO PAY File I.D.: 02 Location: 35 Width: 2 Country: 1,2,3,4,5 Implicit Decimal Places: 0 Universe: FOR COUNTRY EQ 1,4 - IF REF 7 EQ 1 OR REF 8 EQ 2 OR REF 9 EQ 1 FOR COUNTRY EQ 2,5 - All FOR COUNTRY EQ 3 - IF REF 560 EQ 1 OR REF 561 EQ 1 Are you employed by someone else, are you self-employed or do you work without pay in a family business or farm? 1 Someone else 2 Self-employed 3 Work without pay -1 Skipped -2 Don't know -3 Skipped - should have been answered -5 Refused 1 2 3 -1 -2 -3 -5 ---------------------------------------------------- U.S. A7 1505 204 19 32 0 0 0 Sweden TYPANS 1037 100 6 0 0 2 0 Norway SP009 1495 196 23 818 0 0 0 Canada Q6A 2027 324 17 209 0 0 0 Finland V14 790 153 55 0 0 0 0 NOTE: Finland The Finnish variable, V14, was constructed using question A3 in Finnish Questionnaire I. I-A3 text: "What is your occupational status? 1 Employed by someone else 2 Owner of a private business 3 Professional practice (self-employed) 4 Farmer (self-employed) 5 Works as a family member in a private business or professional practice 6 Works as a family member in a farm 7 Unemployed (seeking a job) 8 Non-employed, self-dependent 9 Family member 10 Something else, please specify..." 14 REF. NO. 15. This question applies to those who work(ed) for someone else. V15 Reference: 15 GOVT/NONPROFIT/PROFT ORG File I.D.: 02 Location: 37 Width: 2 Country: 1,2,3,5 Implicit Decimal Places: 0 Universe: FOR COUNTRY EQ 1,2,5 - IF REF 14 EQ 1 FOR COUNTRY EQ 3 - IF REF 14 EQ 1,3 Is that for a government agency, a nonprofit organization, or a profit-making business? 1 Government agency 2 Nonprofit 3 Profit-making 4 Independent operator/contracts own labor 6 Government industry (Sweden only) 7 Other -1 Skipped -2 Don't know -3 Skipped - should have been answered -5 Refused 1 2 3 4 6 7 ---------------------------------------------------- U.S. A7a 329 123 1048 1 0 1 Sweden TYPARB 440 41 522 0 33 0 Norway SP300 658 29 811 0 0 0 Finland V15 293 13 473 0 0 10 -1 -2 -3 -5 ---------------------------------------------------- U.S. A7a 255 2 1 0 Sweden TYPARB 109 0 0 0 Norway SP300 1014 0 20 0 Finland V15 208 0 1 0 (continued on next page) 15 (Variable 15 continued) NOTE: Sweden Only the Swedish survey provided code 6 as a response option. Norway The Norwegian variable, SP300, was constructed using SP029 REF 591 and SP030 REF 592. Codes 1,2 and 3 were the only response options provided by the Norwegian survey. Finland The Finnish variable, V15, was constructed using question A4 in Finnish Questionnaire I. I-A4 text: "What do you work for? 1 A private enterprise or company 2 The State, community or a union of communities 3 A business or company owned by the State or other public authority 4 A co-operative company or organization 5 Some other society or organization 6 Something else, please specify..." 16 REF. NO. 16. This question applies to those who are/were self- employed. V16 Reference: 16 BUSINESS/PRACTICE/FARM File I.D.: 02 Location: 39 Width: 2 Country: 1,2,5 Implicit Decimal Places: 0 Universe: FOR COUNTRY EQ 1,2,5 - IF REF 14 EQ 2 Is that in your own business or service, in your own professional practice, or on your own farm? 1 Business or service 2 Professional practice 3 Farm 4 Independent operator -1 Skipped -2 Don't know -3 Skipped - should have been answered -5 Refused 1 2 3 4 -1 -2 -3 -5 ---------------------------------------------------- U.S. A7b 142 32 17 13 1556 0 0 0 Sweden TYPFOR 72 3 22 0 1045 0 3 0 Finland V16 54 31 68 0 845 0 0 0 NOTE: Finland The Finnish variable, V16, was constructed using question A3 in Finnish Questionnaire I. I-A3 text: "What is your occupational status? 1 Employed by someone else 2 Owner of a private business 3 Professional practice (self-employed) 4 Farmer (self-employed) 5 Works as a family member in a private business or professional practice 6 Works as a family member in a farm 7 Unemployed (seeking a job) 8 Non-employed, self-dependent 9 Family member 10 Something else, please specify..." 17 REF. NO. 17. This question applies to those who work(ed) for a profit-making firm. See Appendix I for more information about this variable. V17 Reference: 17 OWNER File I.D.: 02 Location: 41 Width: 2 Country: 1,2 Implicit Decimal Places: 0 Universe: FOR COUNTRY EQ 1,2 - IF REF 15 EQ 3 Are you an owner or part owner of this firm? 1 Yes 5 No -1 Skipped -2 Don't know -3 Skipped - should have been answered -5 Refused 1 5 -1 -2 -3 -5 ---------------------------------------------------- U.S. A8 28 1009 712 0 11 0 Sweden DELAG 21 481 623 0 20 0 18 REF. NOS. 18-20. These questions apply to those who are/were employees but own(ed) part of the profit-making firm. See Appendix I for more information about these variables. V18 Reference: 18 OTHER OWNERS File I.D.: 02 Location: 43 Width: 2 Country: 1,2 Implicit Decimal Places: 0 Universe: FOR COUNTRY EQ 1,2 - IF REF 17 EQ 1 Are there other owners of this firm, or are you the sole owner? 1 Other owners 2 Sole owner -1 Skipped -2 Don't know -3 Skipped - should have been answered -5 Refused 1 2 -1 -2 -3 -5 ---------------------------------------------------- U.S. A8a 28 0 1732 0 0 0 Sweden ENSAG 17 2 1124 0 2 0 19 V19 Reference: 19 PERCENT OWN File I.D.: 02 Location: 45 Width: 3 Country: 1,2 Implicit Decimal Places: 0 Universe: FOR COUNTRY EQ 1,2 - IF REF 18 EQ 1 About what percent of this firm do you own? 1-100 Actual percent -1 Skipped -2 Don't know -3 Skipped - should have been answered -5 Refused 1-100 -1 -2 -3 -5 ---------------------------------------------------- U.S. A8b 14 1732 5 9 0 Sweden MANAG 13 1128 0 4 0 ******************************************************************** V20 Reference: 20 ACTUAL PARTNER File I.D.: 02 Location: 48 Width: 2 Country: 1,2 Implicit Decimal Places: 0 Universe: FOR COUNTRY EQ 1 - IF REF 17 EQ 1 FOR COUNTRY EQ 2 - IF REF 18 EQ 1 Do you just own stock in this firm or are you an actual partner? 1 Just own stock 2 Actual partner 3 Owner-employee/significant stock holder -1 Skipped -2 Don't know -3 Skipped - should have been answered -5 Refused 1 2 3 -1 -2 -3 -5 ---------------------------------------------------- U.S. A8c 17 7 4 1732 0 0 0 Sweden REAG 4 13 0 1127 0 1 0 20 REF. NOS. 21-31. These questions apply to those who own(ed) the profit-making firm. V21 Reference: 21 #PERM EMPLES-BUSINESS File I.D.: 02 Location: 50 Width: 5 Country: 1,2,5 Implicit Decimal Places: 0 Universe: FOR COUNTRY EQ 1,2 - IF REF 16 EQ 1,4 OR REF 20 EQ 2,3 FOR COUNTRY EQ 5 - IF REF 16 EQ 1 About how many people are employed in this business on a permanent basis? 0-99,994 Actual number 99,995 99,995 or more -1 Skipped -2 Don't know -3 Skipped - should have been answered -5 Refused 0 1-99,995 -1 -2 -3 -5 ---------------------------------------------------- U.S. A9 36 126 1594 0 4 0 Sweden FORANS 30 54 1059 0 2 0 Finland V21 15 39 944 0 0 0 NOTE: Finland The Finnish variable, V21, was constructed using question 5 in Finnish Questionnaire III. III-5 text: "How many workers does your business employ permanently?" In the Finnish data a distinction cannot be made between those owners who have not answered and those who do not have any employees. 21 V22 Reference: 22 #TEMP EMPLES-BUSINESS File I.D.: 02 Location: 55 Width: 5 Country: 1,2,4,5 Implicit Decimal Places: 0 Universe: FOR COUNTRY EQ 1,2 - IF REF 16 EQ 1,4 OR REF 20 EQ 2,3 FOR COUNTRY EQ 4 - IF REF 945 EQ 1 FOR COUNTRY EQ 5 - IF REF 16 EQ 1 About how many people are employed on a casual or seasonal basis? 0-99,994 Actual number 99,995 99,995 or more -1 Skipped -2 Don't know -3 Skipped - should have been answered -5 Refused 0 1-99,995 -1 -2 -3 -5 ---------------------------------------------------- U.S. A10 90 64 1594 0 12 0 Sweden SASANS 52 23 1060 0 10 0 Canada Q9A 25 48 2503 1 0 0 Finland V22 35 19 944 0 0 0 NOTE: Finland The Finnish variable, V22, was constructed using question 6 in Finnish Questionnaire III. III-6 text: "How many seasonably?" In the Finnish data a distinction cannot be made between those owners who have not answered and those who do not have any employees. 22 V23 Reference: 23 #WKS TEMP EMPLES-BUSINES File I.D.: 02 Location: 60 Width: 2 Country: 1,2,4,5 Implicit Decimal Places: 0 Universe: FOR COUNTRY EQ 1,2,5 - IF REF 22 NE 0,-1 FOR COUNTRY EQ 4 - IF REF 22 NE 0 On the average, how many weeks a year do you employ such people? 1-52 Number of weeks -1 Skipped -2 Don't know -3 Skipped - should have been answered -5 Refused 1-52 -1 -2 -3 -5 ---------------------------------------------------- U.S. A10a 57 1684 2 17 0 Sweden SASLA 12 1112 0 21 0 Canada Q9B 47 2528 2 0 0 Finland V23 17 979 0 2 0 NOTE: Finland The Finnish variable V23 is question 6a in Finnish Questionnaire III. 23 V24 Reference: 24 HOW LONG OWNER-YRS File I.D.: 02 Location: 62 Width: 2 Country: 1,2,4,5 Implicit Decimal Places: 0 Universe: FOR COUNTRY EQ 1,2 - IF REF 16 EQ 1,4 OR REF 20 EQ 2,3 FOR COUNTRY EQ 4 - IF REF 770 EQ 1 FOR COUNTRY EQ 5 - IF REF 16 EQ 1 For how long have you been an owner of this business? (years) 0-60 Actual number of years -1 Skipped -2 Don't know -3 Skipped - should have been answered -5 Refused 0-60 -1 -2 -3 -5 ---------------------------------------------------- U.S. A11YRS 152 1594 0 14 0 Sweden LAAG 81 1059 0 5 0 Canada Q10YRS 175 2399 0 3 0 Finland V24 54 944 0 0 0 Note: Finland The Finnish variable, V24, is question 8b in Finnish questionnaire III. 24 V25 Reference: 25 HOW LONG OWNER-MOS File I.D.: 02 Location: 64 Width: 2 Country: 1,2,4 Implicit Decimal Places: 0 Universe: FOR COUNTRY EQ 1,2 - IF REF 16 EQ 1,4 OR REF 20 EQ 2,3 FOR COUNTRY EQ 4 - IF REF 770 EQ 1 For how long have you been an owner of this business? (months) 0-12 Actual number of months -1 Skipped -2 Don't know -3 Skipped - should have been answered -5 Refused 0-12 -1 -2 -3 -5 ---------------------------------------------------- U.S. A11MOS 151 1594 0 15 0 Sweden LAAG 80 1060 0 5 0 Canada Q10MOS 174 2399 0 4 0 25 V26 Reference: 26 FRANCHISE-BUSINESS File I.D.: 02 Location: 66 Width: 2 Country: 1,2,4,5 Implicit Decimal Places: 0 Universe: FOR COUNTRY EQ 1,2 - IF REF 16 EQ 1,4 OR REF 20 EQ 2,3 FOR COUNTRY EQ 4 - IF REF 770 EQ 1 FOR COUNTRY EQ 5 - IF REF 16 EQ 1 Is this business a franchise operation? 1 Yes 5 No -1 Skipped -2 Don't know -3 Skipped - should have been answered -5 Refused 1 5 -1 -2 -3 -5 ---------------------------------------------------- U.S. A12 13 139 1594 0 14 0 Sweden FRANCH 7 55 1059 0 24 0 Canada Q11A 22 156 2399 0 0 0 Finland V26 2 52 944 0 0 0 NOTE: Finland The Finnish variable, V26, is question 10 in Finnish questionnaire III. 26 V27 Reference: 27 R CONTROL FRANCHISE File I.D.: 02 Location: 68 Width: 2 Country: 1,4 Implicit Decimal Places: 0 Universe: FOR COUNTRY EQ 1,4 - IF REF 26 EQ 1 Can you run this franchise business more or less as you want to, or does the franchise-granting corporation tell you how to run your business? 1 Run as respondent wants 2 Run as corporation wants 3 Both -1 Skipped -2 Don't know -3 Skipped - should have been answered -5 Refused 1 2 3 -1 -2 -3 -5 ---------------------------------------------------- U.S. A12a 11 0 1 1747 0 1 0 Canada Q11B 15 6 1 2555 0 0 0 27 V28 Reference: 28 STATE FUNDS-BUSINESS File I.D.: 02 Location: 70 Width: 2 Country: 1,2,5 Implicit Decimal Places: 0 Universe: FOR COUNTRY EQ 1,2 - IF REF 16 EQ 1,4 OR REF 20 EQ 2,3 FOR COUNTRY EQ 5 - IF REF 16 EQ 1 Does your business regularly receive funds from or do any business with the federal, state or local government? 1 Yes 3 Both receives funds and does business with the federal, state or local government 5 No -1 Skipped -2 Don't know -3 Skipped - should have been answered -5 Refused 1 3 5 -1 -2 -3 -5 ---------------------------------------------------- U.S. A13 21 1 140 1594 2 2 0 Sweden FORBID 14 0 46 1059 0 26 0 Finland V28 25 3 26 944 0 0 0 NOTE: Finland The Finnish variable, V28, was constructed using question 13 and 14 in Finnish Questionnaire III. III-13 text: "Does your business regularly receive funds from the public sector?" III-14 text: "Does your business do any business with the public sector?" 28 V29 Reference: 29 %STATE FUNDS-BUSINESS File I.D.: 02 Location: 72 Width: 3 Country: 1,2,5 Implicit Decimal Places: 0 Universe: FOR COUNTRY EQ 1,2,5 - IF REF 28 EQ 1,3 About what percent of your total business is with the government? (If both receives funds and does business with the federal, state or local government - record total or higher percentage.) 1-50 Actual percent 51-100 Actual percent (U.S. and Finland only) 200 More than 50 percent (Sweden only) 300 Less than 50 percent (Sweden only) -1 Skipped -2 Don't know -3 Skipped - should have been answered -5 Refused 1-100 200 300 -1 -2 -3 -5 ---------------------------------------------------- U.S. A13a 20 0 0 1738 1 1 0 Sweden HUR 5 2 4 1131 0 3 0 Finland V29 26 0 0 970 0 2 0 NOTE: Finland The Finnish variable, V29, was constructed using question 14a in Finnish Questionnaire III. III-14a text: "What portion of your annual business is with the government?" 29 V30 Reference: 30 BUSINESS VALUE1 File I.D.: 02 Location: 75 Width: 8 Country: 1,2 Implicit Decimal Places: 0 Universe: FOR COUNTRY EQ 1 - IF REF 16 EQ 1,4 OR REF 20 EQ 2,3 AND REF 7 NE 2 FOR COUNTRY EQ 2 - IF REF 16 EQ 1,4 OR REF 20 EQ 2,3 If you were to sell your business, about what would you expect to get for it? 0-99,999,994 Actual amount (U.S. Dollars, Swedish Crowns) 99,999,995 99,999,995 or more -1 Skipped -2 Don't know -3 Skipped - should have been answered -5 Refused 0-99,999,995 -1 -2 -3 -5 ---------------------------------------------------- U.S. A14 91 1603 31 35 0 Sweden VARDE 85 1059 0 1 0 30 V31 Reference: 31 BUSINESS INCORPORATED1 File I.D.: 02 Location: 83 Width: 2 Country: 1,4 Implicit Decimal Places: 0 Universe: FOR COUNTRY EQ 1 - IF REF 16 EQ 1,4 OR REF 20 EQ 2,3 FOR COUNTRY EQ 4 - IF REF 770 EQ 1 Is your business incorporated? 1 Yes 5 No -1 Skipped -2 Don't know -3 Skipped - should have been answered -5 Refused 1 5 -1 -2 -3 -5 ---------------------------------------------------- U.S. A15 46 102 1594 0 18 0 Canada Q13A 58 120 2399 0 0 0 31 REF. NOS. 32-42. These questions apply to those who own(ed) a farm. V32 Reference: 32 FARM TYPE File I.D.: 02 Location: 85 Width: 2 Country: 1 Implicit Decimal Places: 0 Universe: FOR COUNTRY EQ 1 - IF REF 16 EQ 3 What kind of farm is this? 1 Grains (corn, oats, wheat, barley, rye, rice) 2 Soybeans, beans, peanuts, other nuts 11 Fruit, orchards, grapes 21 Sugar beets 22 Potato, sweet potatoes 27 Vegetables, single type or mixed; "truck farm" 31 Cattle, beef 32 Other livestock (except 41); hogs, chickens, sheep 33 Other livestock (except 41) and grain 41 Dairy farm, milk cows 42 Dairy cows, grains 51 Cotton 52 Livestock and/or grain and/or crops (at least two of these) 53 Beans and grains 54 Vegetables; peanuts, soybeans, beans and other nuts; grains 97 Other (include combinations not above) -1 Skipped -2 Don't know -3 Skipped - should have been answered -5 Refused 1 2 11 21 22 27 31 32 ---------------------------------------------------- U.S. A16 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 33 41 42 51 52 53 54 97 ---------------------------------------------------- U.S. A16 1 4 1 0 3 1 1 1 -1 -2 -3 -5 ---------------------------------------------------- U.S. A16 1743 0 1 0 32 V33 Reference: 33 # PERM EMPLES-FARM File I.D.: 02 Location: 87 Width: 3 Country: 1,2,4,5 Implicit Decimal Places: 0 Universe: FOR COUNTRY EQ 1,2,5 - IF REF 16 EQ 3 FOR COUNTRY EQ 4 - IF REF 770 EQ 3 About how many people are employed on your farm on a permanent basis? 0-994 Actual number 995 995 or more -1 Skipped -2 Don't know -3 Skipped - should have been answered -5 Refused 0 1-995 -1 -2 -3 -5 ---------------------------------------------------- U.S. A17 5 11 1743 0 1 0 Sweden ANSJO 19 3 1122 0 1 0 Canada Q16 109 15 2453 0 0 0 Finland V33 65 3 930 0 0 0 NOTE: Canada The Canadian question was phrased differently: "About how many people do you employ on your farm on a permanent basis, that is, for more than six months of the year?" Finland The Finnish variable, V33, was constructed using question 18a in Finnish Questionnaire II. II-18a text: "How many people have there been working on your farm on a permanent basis in 1980?" In the Finnish data a distinction cannot be made between those farmers who have not answered and those who do not have any employees. 33 V34 Reference: 34 # TEMP EMPLES-FARM File I.D.: 02 Location: 90 Width: 3 Country: 1,2,4,5 Implicit Decimal Places: 0 Universe: FOR COUNTRY EQ 1,2,5 - IF REF 16 EQ 3 FOR COUNTRY EQ 4 - IF REF 770 EQ 3 About how many people are employed on a casual or seasonal basis? 0-994 Actual number 995 995 or more -1 Skipped -2 Don't know -3 Skipped - should have been answered -5 Refused 0 1-995 -1 -2 -3 -5 ---------------------------------------------------- U.S. A18 8 8 1743 0 1 0 Sweden TILJO 15 6 1122 0 2 0 Canada Q17A 86 38 2453 0 0 0 Finland V34 56 12 930 0 0 0 NOTE: Finland The Finnish variable, V34, was constructed using question 18c in Finnish Questionnaire II. The Finnish question was phrased differently: "How many people have there been working on a seasonal basis on your farm in 1980?" In the Finnish data a distinction cannot be made between those farmers who have not answered and those who do not have any employees. 34 V35 Reference: 35 # WKS TEMP EMPES-FARM File I.D.: 02 Location: 93 Width: 2 Country: 1,2,4,5 Implicit Decimal Places: 0 Universe: FOR COUNTRY EQ 1,2,4,5 - IF REF 34 NE 0,-1 On the average, how many weeks a year do you employ such people? 1-52 Number of weeks -1 Skipped -2 Don't know -3 Skipped - should have been answered -5 Refused 1-52 -1 -2 -3 -5 ---------------------------------------------------- U.S. A18a 8 1751 0 1 0 Sweden LAJO 5 1137 0 3 0 Canada Q17B 38 2539 0 0 0 Finland V35 10 986 0 2 0 NOTE: Finland The Finnish variable, V35, was constructed using question 18c in Finnish Questionnaire II. The Finnish question was phrased differently: "How many people have there been working on a seasonal basis on your farm in 1980?" In the Finnish data a distinction cannot be made between those farmers who have not answered and those who do not have any employees. 35 V36 Reference: 36 HOW LONG RUN FARM-YRS File I.D.: 02 Location: 95 Width: 2 Country: 1,2,4,5 Implicit Decimal Places: 0 Universe: FOR COUNTRY EQ 1,2,5 - IF REF 16 EQ 3 FOR COUNTRY EQ 4 - IF REF 770 EQ 3 For how long have you run this farm? (years) 0-80 Actual number of years -1 Skipped -2 Don't know -3 Skipped - should have been answered -5 Refused 0-80 -1 -2 -3 -5 ---------------------------------------------------- U.S. A19YRS 17 1743 0 0 0 Sweden LAJOR 22 1122 0 1 0 Canada Q18YRS 123 2453 0 1 0 Finland V36 68 930 0 0 0 Note: Finland The Finnish variable, V36, was constructed using question 13 in Finnish questionnaire II. II-13 text: "From which year on have you owned the farm?" 36 V37 Reference: 37 HOW LONG RUN FARM-MOS File I.D.: 02 Location: 97 Width: 2 Country: 1,2,4 Implicit Decimal Places: 0 Universe: FOR COUNTRY EQ 1,2 - IF REF 16 EQ 3 FOR COUNTRY EQ 4 - IF REF 770 EQ 3 For how long have you run this farm? (months) 0-12 Actual number of months -1 Skipped -2 Don't know -3 Skipped - should have been answered -5 Refused 0-12 -1 -2 -3 -5 ---------------------------------------------------- U.S. A19MOS 16 1743 0 1 0 Sweden LAJOR 22 1122 0 1 0 Canada Q18MOS 123 2453 0 1 0 37 V38 Reference: 38 OWN FARM File I.D.: 02 Location: 99 Width: 2 Country: 1,2 Implicit Decimal Places: 0 Universe: FOR COUNTRY EQ 1,2 - IF REF 16 EQ 3 Do you or your family actually own this farm or are you a tenant? 1 Own 2 Tenant 3 Sharecropper; farm "on shares" 7 Other -1 Skipped -2 Don't know -3 Skipped - should have been answered -5 Refused 1 2 3 7 -1 -2 -3 -5 ---------------------------------------------------- U.S. A20 16 1 0 0 1743 0 0 0 Sweden AGJO 14 3 0 0 1123 0 5 0 38 V39 Reference: 39 STATE FUNDS-FARM File I.D.: 02 Location: 101 Width: 2 Country: 1,2,5 Implicit Decimal Places: 0 Universe: FOR COUNTRY EQ 1,2,5 - IF REF 16 EQ 3 Do you receive any direct subsidies from the federal, state, or local government? 1 Yes 5 No -1 Skipped -2 Don't know -3 Skipped - should have been answered -5 Refused 1 5 -1 -2 -3 -5 ---------------------------------------------------- U.S. A21 0 15 1743 0 2 0 Sweden JOBID 0 16 1123 0 6 0 Finland V39 17 2 930 8 41 0 NOTE: Finland The Finnish variable, V39, was constructed using question 25a in Finnish Questionnaire II. II-25a text: "What per cent of your income from agriculture consisted of subsidies from the government?" 39 V40 Reference: 40 %STATE FUNDS-FARM File I.D.: 02 Location: 103 Width: 3 Country: 1,2 Implicit Decimal Places: 0 Universe: FOR COUNTRY EQ 1,2 - IF REF 39 EQ 1 About what percent of your gross revenues do these subsidies represent? 1-100 Actual percent -1 Skipped -2 Don't know -3 Skipped - should have been answered -5 Refused 1-100 -1 -2 -3 -5 ---------------------------------------------------- U.S. A21a 0 1760 0 0 0 Sweden JOPRO 0 1145 0 0 0 40 V41 Reference: 41 FARM VALUE File I.D.: 02 Location: 106 Width: 8 Country: 1,2,4 Implicit Decimal Places: 0 Universe: FOR COUNTRY EQ 1,2 - IF REF 16 EQ 3 FOR COUNTRY EQ 4 - IF REF 770 EQ 3 If you were to sell your farm, about what would you expect to get for it? 1-99,999,984 Actual amount (U.S. Dollars, Swedish Crowns, Canadian Dollars) -1 Skipped -2 Don't know -3 Skipped - should have been answered -5 Refused 1-99,999,984 -1 -2 -3 -5 ---------------------------------------------------- U.S. A22 12 1743 2 3 0 Sweden JOVAR 22 1123 0 0 0 Canada Q22 96 2463 12 2 4 ******************************************************************** V42 Reference: 42 FARM INCORPORATED File I.D.: 02 Location: 114 Width: 2 Country: 1 Implicit Decimal Places: 0 Universe: FOR COUNTRY EQ 1 - IF REF 16 EQ 3 Is this farm incorporated? 1 Yes 5 No -1 Skipped -2 Don't know -3 Skipped - should have been answered -5 Refused 1 5 -1 -2 -3 -5 ---------------------------------------------------- U.S. A22a 4 11 1743 0 2 0 41 REF. NOS. 43-49: These questions apply to those who are/were self- employed professionals. V43 Reference: 43 OWNER-PRACTICE File I.D.: 02 Location: 116 Width: 2 Country: 1,2,4,5 Implicit Decimal Places: 0 Universe: FOR COUNTRY EQ 1,2,5 - IF REF 16 EQ 2 FOR COUNTRY EQ 4 - IF REF 770 EQ 2 Are you the sole owner of this practice or are there other owners? 1 Sole owner 2 Other owners -1 Skipped -2 Don't know -3 Skipped - should have been answered -5 Refused 1 2 -1 -2 -3 -5 ---------------------------------------------------- U.S. A23 21 11 1728 0 0 0 Sweden PRAENS 1 3 1139 0 2 0 Canada Q23A 12 10 2555 0 0 0 Finland V43 27 4 967 0 0 0 NOTE: Finland The Finnish variable, V43, was constructed using question 29 in Finnish Questionnaire III. 42 V44 Reference: 44 %OWN-PRACTICE File I.D.: 02 Location: 118 Width: 3 Country: 1,2,4,5 Implicit Decimal Places: 0 Universe: FOR COUNTRY EQ 1,2,4,5 - IF REF 43 EQ 2 About what percent do you own? 1-100 Actual percent -1 Skipped -2 Don't know -3 Skipped - should have been answered -5 Refused 1-100 -1 -2 -3 -5 ---------------------------------------------------- U.S. A23a 9 1749 0 2 0 Sweden PROPRO 3 1142 0 0 0 Canada Q23B 10 2567 0 0 0 Finland V44 2 994 0 2 0 NOTE: Finland The Finnish variable, V44, is question 29b in Finnish Questionnaire III. 43 V45 Reference: 45 #EMPLES-PRACTICE File I.D.: 02 Location: 121 Width: 3 Country: 1,2,4,5 Implicit Decimal Places: 0 Universe: FOR COUNTRY EQ 1,2,5 - IF REF 16 EQ 2 FOR COUNTRY EQ 4 - IF REF 770 EQ 2 How many other people (not counting partners in your practice) are employed in your professional practice? 0-994 Actual number 995 995 or more -1 Skipped -2 Don't know -3 Skipped - should have been answered -5 Refused 0-995 -1 -2 -3 -5 ---------------------------------------------------- U.S. A24 32 1728 0 0 0 Sweden PROANS 6 1139 0 0 0 Canada Q24 22 2555 0 0 0 Finland V45 31 967 0 0 0 NOTE: Finland The Finnish variable, V45, is question 31 in Finnish Questionnaire III. In the Finnish data a distinction cannot be made between those professionals who have not answered and those who do not have any employees. 44 V46 Reference: 46 HOW LONG PRACTICE-YRS File I.D.: 02 Location: 124 Width: 2 Country: 1,2,4,5 Implicit Decimal Places: 0 Universe: FOR COUNTRY EQ 1,2,5 - IF REF 16 EQ 2 FOR COUNTRY EQ 4 - IF REF 770 EQ 2 How long have you had this practice? (years) 0-80 Actual number of years -1 Skipped -2 Don't know -3 Skipped - should have been answered -5 Refused 0-80 -1 -2 -3 -5 ---------------------------------------------------- U.S. A25YRS 32 1728 0 0 0 Sweden PROAR 6 1139 0 0 0 Canada Q25YRS 22 2555 0 0 0 Finland V46 31 967 0 0 0 Note: Finland The Finnish variable, V46, is question 32 in Finnish Questionnaire III. 45 V47 Reference: 47 HOW LONG PRACTICE-MOS File I.D.: 02 Location: 126 Width: 2 Country: 1,2,4 Implicit Decimal Places: 0 Universe: FOR COUNTRY EQ 1,2 - IF REF 16 EQ 2 FOR COUNTRY EQ 4 - IF REF 770 EQ 2 How long have you had this practice? (months) 0-12 Actual number of months -1 Skipped -2 Don't know -3 Skipped - should have been answered -5 Refused 0-12 -1 -2 -3 -5 ---------------------------------------------------- U.S. A25MOS 32 1728 0 0 0 Sweden PROAR 6 1139 0 0 0 Canada Q25MOS 22 2555 0 0 0 46 V48 Reference: 48 STATE FUNDS-PRACTICE File I.D.: 02 Location: 128 Width: 2 Country: 1,2,5 Implicit Decimal Places: 0 Universe: FOR COUNTRY EQ 1,2,5 - IF REF 16 EQ 2 Does any part of the income from your professional practice come directly from the federal, state, or local government? 1 Yes 5 No -1 Skipped -2 Don't know -3 Skipped - should have been answered -5 Refused 1 5 -1 -2 -3 -5 ---------------------------------------------------- U.S. A26 6 26 1728 0 0 0 Sweden PROSTA 1 4 1139 0 1 0 Finland V48 5 26 967 0 0 0 NOTE: Finland The Finnish variable, V48, was constructed using question 33 in Finnish Questionnaire III. III-33 text: "Does your professional practice receive support from the public sector?" 47 V49 Reference: 49 %STATE FUNDS-PRACTICE File I.D.: 02 Location: 130 Width: 3 Country: 1,2 Implicit Decimal Places: 0 Universe: FOR COUNTRY EQ 1,2 - IF REF 48 EQ 1 About what percent of this income comes from the government? 1-100 Actual percent -1 Skipped -2 Don't know -3 Skipped - should have been answered -5 Refused 1-100 -1 -2 -3 -5 ---------------------------------------------------- U.S. A26a 4 1754 1 1 0 Sweden PROINK 1 1144 0 0 0 48 REF. NOS. 50-56: These questions apply to those who work without pay in a family business or on a family farm. V50 Reference: 50 FAMILY BUSINESS OR FARM File I.D.: 02 Location: 133 Width: 2 Country: 1,2,4,5 Implicit Decimal Places: 0 Universe: FOR COUNTRY EQ 1,2,4,5 - IF REF 14 EQ 3 Is this a family business or is it a farm? 1 Family business 2 Farm -1 Skipped -2 Don't know -3 Skipped - should have been answered -5 Refused 1 2 -1 -2 -3 -5 ---------------------------------------------------- U.S. A27 16 3 1741 0 0 0 Sweden OAVLO 1 4 1137 0 3 0 Canada Q26 5 12 2560 0 0 0 Finland V50 3 52 943 0 0 0 NOTE: Finland The Finnish variable, V50, was constructed using question A3 in Finnish Questionnaire I. I-A3 text: "What is your occupational status? 1 Employed by someone else 2 Owner of a private business 3 Professional practice (self-employed) 4 Farmer (self-employed) 5 Works as a family member in a private business or professional practice 6 Works as a family member in a farm 7 Unemployed (seeking a job) 8 Non-employed, self-dependent 9 Family member 10 Something else, please specify..." 49 V51 Reference: 51 ANY PAID EMPLES-FAMILY File I.D.: 02 Location: 135 Width: 2 Country: 1,2,4,5 Implicit Decimal Places: 0 Universe: FOR COUNTRY EQ 1,2,4,5 - IF REF 14 EQ 3 Are there any paid employees on this business/farm? That is, nonfamily members who work for wages? 1 Yes 5 No -1 Skipped -2 Don't know -3 Skipped - should have been answered -5 Refused 1 5 -1 -2 -3 -5 ---------------------------------------------------- U.S. A28 10 9 1741 0 0 0 Sweden OAVANS 3 3 1137 0 2 0 Canada Q27A 6 11 2560 0 0 0 Finland V51 11 44 943 0 0 0 NOTE: Finland The Finnish variable, V51, was constructed using question 5 in Finnish Questionnaire III and question 18 in Finnish Questionnaire II. III-5 text: "How many workers does your business employ permanently?" II-18 text: "Have there been any paid employees in 1980?" 50 V52 Reference: 52 #PERM EMPLES-FAMILY File I.D.: 02 Location: 137 Width: 3 Country: 1,2,4,5 Implicit Decimal Places: 0 Universe: FOR COUNTRY EQ 1,2,4,5 - IF REF 51 EQ 1 How many people are employed on a permanent basis? 0-994 Actual number -1 Skipped -2 Don't know -3 Skipped - should have been answered -5 Refused 0-994 -1 -2 -3 -5 ---------------------------------------------------- U.S. A28a 10 1750 0 0 0 Sweden OAVANT 3 1142 0 0 0 Canada Q27B 6 2571 0 0 0 Finland V52 4 987 0 7 0 NOTE: Finland The Finnish variable, V52, was constructed using question 5 in Finnish Questionnaire III and question 18a in Finnish Questionnaire II. III-5 text: "How many workers does your business employ permanently?" II-18a text: "How many people have been working on your farm on a permanent basis in 1980?" 51 V53 Reference: 53 OTHER FAMILY MEMBERS File I.D.: 02 Location: 140 Width: 2 Country: 1,4 Implicit Decimal Places: 0 Universe: FOR COUNTRY EQ 1,4 - IF REF 14 EQ 3 What family members besides you work in this business/farm? 1 Respondent only; no other family members; "none" 2 Spouse 3 Child(ren) 4 Spouse and child(ren) 5 Other relatives 6 Spouse and other relatives 7 Children and other relatives 8 Spouse, children and other relatives -1 Skipped -2 Don't know -3 Skipped - should have been answered -5 Refused 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 ---------------------------------------------------- U.S. A29 0 6 2 3 4 3 0 0 Canada Q28 0 6 2 5 0 2 0 2 -1 -2 -3 -5 ---------------------------------------------------- U.S. A29 1741 0 1 0 Canada Q28 2560 0 0 0 52 V54 Reference: 54 HOW LONG FAMILY OWN-YRS File I.D.: 02 Location: 142 Width: 2 Country: 1,2,4,5 Implicit Decimal Places: 0 Universe: FOR COUNTRY EQ 1,2,4,5 - IF REF 14 EQ 3 For how long has your family owned this business/farm? (years) 0-95 Actual number of years -1 Skipped -2 Don't know -3 Skipped - should have been answered -5 Refused 0-95 -1 -2 -3 -5 ---------------------------------------------------- U.S. A30YRS 18 1741 0 1 0 Sweden OAVLA 7 1137 0 1 0 Canada Q29YRS 17 2560 0 0 0 Finland V54 53 943 0 2 0 Note: Finland The Finnish variable, V54, was constructed using question 13 in Finnish Questionnaire II and question 8b in Finnish Questionnaire III. II-13 text: "From which year on have you owned the farm?" III-8b text: "For how long have you been an owner of this business? (years)" 53 V55 Reference: 55 HOW LONG FAMILY OWN-MOS File I.D.: 02 Location: 144 Width: 2 Country: 1,2,4 Implicit Decimal Places: 0 Universe: FOR COUNTRY EQ 1,2,4 - IF REF 14 EQ 3 For how long has your family owned this business/farm? (months) 0-12 Actual number of months -1 Skipped -2 Don't know -3 Skipped - should have been answered -5 Refused 0-12 -1 -2 -3 -5 ---------------------------------------------------- U.S. A30MOS 18 1741 0 1 0 Sweden OAVLA 8 1137 0 0 0 Canada Q29MOS 17 2560 0 0 0 54 V56 Reference: 56 FAMILY BUSINESS VALUE File I.D.: 02 Location: 146 Width: 6 Country: 1,2,4 Implicit Decimal Places: 0 Universe: FOR COUNTRY EQ 1 - IF REF 14 EQ 3 AND REF 7 NE 2 FOR COUNTRY EQ 2,4 - IF REF 14 EQ 3 If your family were to sell this business/farm, about what do you think it would be worth? 0-999,994 Actual amount (U.S. Dollars, Swedish Crowns, Canadian Dollars) 999,995 999,995 or more -1 Skipped -2 Don't know -3 Skipped - should have been answered -5 Refused 0-999,995 -1 -2 -3 -5 ---------------------------------------------------- U.S. A31 10 1743 1 6 0 Sweden OAVA 2 1137 0 6 0 Canada Q30X 11 2560 0 1 5 NOTE: Canada The Canadian variable, Q30X, was constructed using Q30, REF 866. 55 REF. NOS. 57-62: These questions apply to those who work without pay in a family business. V57 Reference: 57 CHECKPOINT 2 File I.D.: 02 Location: 152 Width: 2 Country: 1,5 Implicit Decimal Places: 0 Universe: FOR COUNTRY EQ 1,5 - IF REF 14 EQ 3 Interview checkpoint 1 Family business 2 Farm -1 Skipped -2 Don't know -3 Skipped - should have been answered -5 Refused 1 2 -1 -2 -3 -5 ---------------------------------------------------- U.S. A32 16 3 1741 0 0 0 Finland V57 3 52 943 0 0 0 Note: Finland The Finnish variable, V57, was constructed using question A3 in Finnish Questionnaire I. I-A3 text: "What is your occupational status? 1 Employed by someone else 2 Owner of a private business 3 Professional practice (self-employed) 4 Farmer (self-employed) 5 Works as a family member in a private business or professional practice 6 Works as a family member in a farm 7 Unemployed (seeking a job) 8 Non-employed, self-dependent 9 Family member 10 Something else, please specify..." 56 V58 Reference: 58 FRANCHISE FAMILY BUSINES File I.D.: 02 Location: 154 Width: 2 Country: 1,4 Implicit Decimal Places: 0 Universe: FOR COUNTRY EQ 1 - IF REF 57 EQ 1 FOR COUNTRY EQ 4 - IF REF 50 EQ 1 Is this business a franchise operation? 1 Yes 5 No -1 Skipped -2 Don't know -3 Skipped - should have been answered -5 Refused 1 5 -1 -2 -3 -5 ---------------------------------------------------- U.S. A33 1 15 1744 0 0 0 Canada Q31A 2 3 2572 0 0 0 57 V59 Reference: 59 R CONTROL FRANCH-FAMILY File I.D.: 02 Location: 156 Width: 2 Country: 1,4 Implicit Decimal Places: 0 Universe: FOR COUNTRY EQ 1,4 - IF REF 58 EQ 1 Can you run this franchise business more or less as you want to, or does the franchise-granting corporation tell you how to run your business? 1 Run as respondent wants 2 Run as corporation wants 3 Both -1 Skipped -2 Don't know -3 Skipped - should have been answered -5 Refused 1 2 3 -1 -2 -3 -5 ---------------------------------------------------- U.S. A33a 1 0 0 1759 0 0 0 Canada Q31B 2 0 0 2575 0 0 0 58 V60 Reference: 60 STATE FUNDS-FAMILY BUS File I.D.: 02 Location: 158 Width: 2 Country: 1,2,3,5 Implicit Decimal Places: 0 Universe: FOR COUNTRY EQ 1,5 - IF REF 57 EQ 1 FOR COUNTRY EQ 2 - IF REF 50 EQ 1 FOR COUNTRY EQ 3 - IF REF 14 EQ 3 Does your family business regularly receive funds from or do any business with the federal, state or local governments? 1 Yes 3 Both receives funds and does business with the federal, state or local governments. 5 No -1 Skipped -2 Don't know -3 Skipped - should have been answered -5 Refused 1 3 5 -1 -2 -3 -5 ---------------------------------------------------- U.S. A34 4 0 12 1744 0 0 0 Sweden OAVSTA 0 0 2 1141 0 2 0 Norway SP301A 9 1 11 2509 0 2 0 Finland V60 1 0 1 995 0 1 0 NOTE: Norway The Norwegian variable, SP301A, was constructed using SP009 REF 14 and SP031 REF 593. In the Norwegian survey these questions were answered by those respondents who worked without pay in a family business or on a family farm. Finland The Finnish variable, V60 was constructed using question 13 and 14 in Finnish Questionnaire III. 59 V61 Reference: 61 %STATE FUNDS-FAM BUSINES File I.D.: 02 Location: 160 Width: 3 Country: 1,2 Implicit Decimal Places: 0 Universe: FOR COUNTRY EQ 1,2 - IF REF 60 EQ 1,3 About what percent of your family's total business is with the government? (If both receives funds and does business with the federal, state or local governments - record total or higher percentage.) 1-100 Total or higher percent -1 Skipped -2 Don't know -3 Skipped - should have been answered -5 Refused 1-100 -1 -2 -3 -5 ---------------------------------------------------- U.S. A34a 3 1756 1 0 0 Sweden OAVPRO 0 1145 0 0 0 ******************************************************************** V62 Reference: 62 FAMILY BUSINESS-INCORP File I.D.: 02 Location: 163 Width: 2 Country: 1 Implicit Decimal Places: 0 Universe: FOR COUNTRY EQ 1 - IF REF 60 EQ 1,3 Is your business incorporated? 1 Yes 5 No -1 Skipped -2 Don't know -3 Skipped - should have been answered -5 Refused 1 5 -1 -2 -3 -5 ---------------------------------------------------- U.S. A35 0 4 1756 0 0 0 60 REF. NOS. 63-65. These questions apply to those who work(ed) for a government agency. V63 Reference: 63 TYPE GOVERNMENT File I.D.: 02 Location: 165 Width: 2 Country: 1,2,3,5 Implicit Decimal Places: 0 Universe: FOR COUNTRY EQ 1,5 - IF REF 15 EQ 1 FOR COUNTRY EQ 2 - IF REF 15 EQ 1,6,-3 FOR COUNTRY EQ 3 - IF REF 15 EQ 1,2,3,-3 Is this the federal, state, or local government? (If more than one box is checked, code higher number, i.e. lowest of govt.) 1 Federal 2 State 3 Local 4 Government industry (Sweden only) -1 Skipped -2 Don't know -3 Skipped - should have been answered -5 Refused 1 2 3 4 -1 -2 -3 -5 ---------------------------------------------------- U.S. A36 128 83 113 0 1431 3 2 0 Sweden OFF 88 125 189 64 671 0 8 0 Norway SP302 266 114 278 0 1014 0 860 0 Finland V63 0 117 172 0 705 0 4 0 NOTE: Sweden Only the Swedish survey provided code 4 (government industry) as a possible response option. Norway The Norwegian variable, SP302, was constructed using SP029 REF 591, SP030 REF 592 and SP067 REF 617. Finland The Finnish variable, V63, was constructed using question A6 in Finnish Questionnaire I. I-A6 text: "Do you work for 1 The State 2 Community or city 3 Union of communities The Finnish survey did not provide code 1 (federal) as a possible response option. 61 V64 Reference: 64 PROMOTION1-GOVERNMENT File I.D.: 02 Location: 167 Width: 2 Country: 1,2,3,4,5 Implicit Decimal Places: 0 Universe: FOR COUNTRY EQ 1,3,5 - IF REF 15 EQ 1 FOR COUNTRY EQ 2 - IF REF 15 EQ 1,6,-3 FOR COUNTRY EQ 4 - IF REF 769 EQ 1 At your place of work, do more than half the people in positions like yours eventually get significant promotions; that is, a change in job title that brings a significant increase in pay and responsibilities? 1 Yes 5 No -1 Skipped -2 Don't know -3 Skipped - should have been answered -5 Refused 1 5 -1 -2 -3 -5 ---------------------------------------------------- U.S. A37 102 215 1431 4 8 0 Sweden OFFBEF 40 400 671 2 32 0 Norway SP302A 68 579 1874 0 11 0 Canada Q35A 71 288 2211 7 0 0 Finland V64 84 203 705 0 6 0 NOTE: Norway The Norwegian variable, SP302A, was constructed using SP029 REF 591, SP030 REF 592 and SP067 REF 617. Finland The Finnish variable, V64, was constructed using question A14 in Finnish Questionnaire I. I-A14 text: "At your work-place, how many people in positions like yours get significant promotions after some years of work? (promotion = change in name of position or vocation, remarkable increase in pay or enlargement of responsibilities)." 62 V65 Reference: 65 PROMOTION2-GOVERNMENT File I.D.: 02 Location: 169 Width: 2 Country: 1,2,3,4,5 Implicit Decimal Places: 0 Universe: FOR COUNTRY EQ 1,2,3,4 - IF REF 64 EQ 5 FOR COUNTRY EQ 5 - IF REF 15 EQ 1 Would it be some, a few, or none at all who get such promotions? 1 Some 3 A few 5 None at all -1 Skipped -2 Don't know -3 Skipped - should have been answered -5 Refused 1 3 5 -1 -2 -3 -5 ---------------------------------------------------- U.S. A37a 60 104 48 1545 1 2 0 Sweden OFFBEFF 68 189 141 745 0 2 0 Norway SP302B 46 218 315 1953 0 0 0 Canada Q35B 61 125 101 2289 0 1 0 Finland V65 34 50 203 705 0 6 0 NOTE: Norway The Norwegian variable, SP302B, was constructed using SP029 REF 591, SP030 REF 592 and SP067 REF 617. Finland The Finnish variable, V65, was constructed using question A14 in Finnish Questionnaire I. I-A14 text: "At your work-place, how many people in positions like yours get significant promotions after some years of work? (promotion = change in name of position or vocation, remarkable increase in pay or enlargement of responsibilities)." 63 REF. NOS. 66-75. These questions apply to those who work(ed) for a profit or non-profit organization. V66 Reference: 66 PROMOTION1-PROFT/NOPRFT File I.D.: 02 Location: 171 Width: 2 Country: 1,2,3,4,5 Implicit Decimal Places: 0 Universe: FOR COUNTRY EQ 1,2 - IF REF 15 EQ 2,4,7,-2,-3 OR REF 17 EQ 5,-2,-3 OR REF 20 EQ 1,-2,-3 FOR COUNTRY EQ 3 - IF REF 15 EQ 2,3 FOR COUNTRY EQ 4 - IF REF 769 EQ 2-5 FOR COUNTRY EQ 5 - IF REF 15 EQ 2,3,7,-3 At your place of work, do more than half the people in positions like yours eventually get significant promotions; that is, a change in job title that brings a significant increase in pay or responsibilities? 1 Yes 5 No -1 Skipped -2 Don't know -3 Skipped - should have been answered -5 Refused 1 5 -1 -2 -3 -5 ---------------------------------------------------- U.S. A38 396 738 595 13 18 0 Sweden PRIBEF 27 493 596 5 24 0 Norway SP302C 77 733 1692 0 30 0 Canada Q37A 379 1225 916 57 0 0 Finland V66 159 329 501 0 9 0 NOTE: Norway The Norwegian variable, SP302C, was constructed using SP029 REF 591, SP030 REF 592 and SP067 REF 617. Finland The Finnish variable, V66, was constructed using question A14 in Finnish Questionnaire I. I-A14 text: "At your work-place, how many people in positions like yours get significant promotions after some years of work? (promotion = change in name of position or vocation, remarkable increase in pay or enlargement of responsibilities)." 64 V67 Reference: 67 PROMOTION2-PROFT/NOPROFT File I.D.: 02 Location: 173 Width: 2 Country: 1,2,3,4,5 Implicit Decimal Places: 0 Universe: FOR COUNTRY EQ 1,2,3,4 - IF REF 66 EQ 5 FOR COUNTRY EQ 5 - IF REF 15 EQ 2,3,7,-3 Would it be some, a few, or none at all who get such promotions? 1 Some 3 A few 5 None at all -1 Skipped -2 Don't know -3 Skipped - should have been answered -5 Refused 1 3 5 -1 -2 -3 -5 ---------------------------------------------------- U.S. A38a 183 286 255 1022 3 11 0 Sweden PRIBEFF 40 228 222 654 0 1 0 Norway SP302D 53 270 410 1799 0 0 0 Canada Q37B 224 406 564 1352 5 26 0 Finland V67 36 123 329 501 0 9 0 NOTE: Norway The Norwegian variable, SP302D, was constructed using SP029 REF 591, SP030 REF 592 and SP067 REF 617. Finland The Finnish variable, V66, was constructed using question A14 in Finnish Questionnaire I. I-A14 text: "At your work-place, how many people in positions like yours get significant promotions after some years of work? (promotion = change in name of position or vocation, remarkable increase in pay or enlargement of responsibilities)." 65 V68 Reference: 68 MORE THAN ONE LOCATION File I.D.: 02 Location: 175 Width: 2 Country: 1,2,3,4,5 Implicit Decimal Places: 0 Universe: FOR COUNTRY EQ 1,2 - IF REF 15 EQ 2,4,7,-2,-3 OR REF 17 EQ 5,-2,-3 OR REF 20 EQ 1,-2,-3 FOR COUNTRY EQ 3 - IF REF 15 EQ 2,3 FOR COUNTRY EQ 4 - IF REF 769 EQ 2-5 FOR COUNTRY EQ 5 - IF REF 15 EQ 2,3,7,-3 Does the company or organization for which you work have more than one location (that is, other divisions, branches, plants, offices, stores or subsidiaries)? 1 Yes 5 No -1 Skipped -2 Don't know -3 Skipped - should have been answered -5 Refused 1 5 -1 -2 -3 -5 ---------------------------------------------------- U.S. A39 770 388 595 4 3 0 Sweden PRIKONC 375 159 602 2 7 0 Norway SP302E 452 382 1692 0 6 0 Canada Q39A 967 690 916 4 0 0 Finland V68 296 132 501 0 69 0 NOTE: Norway The Norwegian variable, SP302E, was constructed using SP027 REF 589. Finland The Finnish variable, V68, is question A5 in Finnish Questionnaire I. I-A5 was recoded to match the U.S. coding. 66 V69 Reference: 69 PART OF LARGER CORP File I.D.: 02 Location: 177 Width: 2 Country: 1,5 Implicit Decimal Places: 0 Universe: FOR COUNTRY EQ 1 - IF REF 68 EQ 5,-2,-3 FOR COUNTRY EQ 5 - IF REF 68 EQ 5,-3 Is the company or organization for which you work part of some larger corporation or organization? 1 Yes 5 No -1 Skipped -2 Don't know -3 Skipped - should have been answered -5 Refused 1 5 -1 -2 -3 -5 ---------------------------------------------------- U.S. A39a 46 341 1365 2 6 0 Finland V69 10 120 797 4 67 0 NOTE: Finland The Finnish variable, V69, was constructed using question A5c in Finnish Questionnaire I. I-A5c text: "Is your work-place part of some larger corporation, which has a different name? 1 Yes 2 No 3 I don't know" 67 V70 Reference: 70 #EMPLES1-MULTILOCATION File I.D.: 02 Location: 179 Width: 5 Country: 1,4,5 Implicit Decimal Places: 0 Universe: FOR COUNTRY EQ 1,5 - IF REF 68 EQ 1 OR REF 69 EQ 1 FOR COUNTRY EQ 4 - IF REF 68 EQ 1 OR REF 776 EQ 1 About how many people are employed in the entire business, corporation or organization for which you work? We do not want the number just in your immediate work place but in the entire corporation or organization. 1-99,994 Actual number 99,995 99,995 or more -1 Skipped -2 Don't know -3 Skipped - should have been answered -5 Refused 1-99,995 -1 -2 -3 -5 ---------------------------------------------------- U.S. A39b 385 944 427 4 0 Canada Q39B 298 1515 764 0 0 Finland V70 229 692 77 0 0 NOTE: Canada The Canadian question was phrased differently: "About how many people are employed in Canada in the entire business, corporation or organization for which you work?" Finland The Finnish variable, V70, was constructed using question A5a in Finnish Questionnaire I. I-A5a text: "How many people are employed in the entire business?" 68 V71 Reference: 71 #EMPLES2-MULTILOCATION File I.D.: 02 Location: 184 Width: 2 Country: 1,2,3,4,5 Implicit Decimal Places: 0 Universe: FOR COUNTRY EQ 1,4,5 - IF REF 70 EQ -2 FOR COUNTRY EQ 2 - IF REF 68 EQ 1 FOR COUNTRY EQ 3 - IF REF 15 EQ 2,3 About how many people are employed in the entire business, corporation or organization for which you work? Would it be fewer than 10; 10-50; 50-100; 100-500; 500-1000; 1000-10,000; or more than 10,000? 1 Fewer than 10 2 10-50 3 51-100 4 101-500 5 501-1000 6 1001-10,000 7 More than 10,000 -1 Skipped -2 Don't know -3 Skipped - should have been answered -5 Refused 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 ---------------------------------------------------- U.S. A39c 2 10 23 51 42 113 141 Sweden PR 6 22 19 54 24 113 103 Norway SP302F 158 192 65 171 47 148 20 Canada Q39B2 6 31 25 76 68 208 167 Finland V71 0 7 7 20 6 31 0 (continued on next page) 69 (Variable 71 continued) -1 -2 -3 -5 ---------------------------------------------------- U.S. A39c 1333 45 0 0 Sweden PR 772 12 20 0 Norway SP302F 1692 0 39 0 Canada Q39B2 1813 183 0 0 Finland V71 921 6 0 0 NOTE: Norway The Norwegian variable, SP302F, was constructed using SP026 REF 588, SP027 REF 589 and SP028 REF 590. For Norway code 6 represents 1000 or more. Finland The Finnish variable, V71, was constructed using question A5b in Finnish Questionnaire I. I-A5B text: "Would the number of personnel be: 1. fewer than 10 2. 10-49 3. 50-99 4. 100-499 5. 500-999 6. more than 1000?" 70 V72 Reference: 72 #EMPLES1-SINGLELOCATION File I.D.: 02 Location: 186 Width: 5 Country: 1,4,5 Implicit Decimal Places: 0 Universe: FOR COUNTRY EQ 1,5 - IF REF 69 EQ 5,-2,-3 FOR COUNTRY EQ 4 - IF REF 68 EQ 5 About how many people are employed in the entire business, corporation or organization for which you work? 1-99,994 Actual number 99,995 99,995 or more -1 Skipped -2 Don't know -3 Skipped - should have been answered -5 Refused 1-99,995 -1 -2 -3 -5 ---------------------------------------------------- U.S. A39d 305 1411 39 5 0 Canada Q39CX 474 1887 216 0 0 Finland V72 112 807 79 0 0 NOTE: Canada The Canadian variable, Q39CX, excludes respondents working for a company with more than one location. Q39CX was constructed using Q39C REF 867. Finland The Finnish variable, V72, was constructed using question A5a in Finnish Questionnaire I. I-A5a text: "How many people are employed in the entire business?" 71 V73 Reference: 73 #EMPLES2-SINGLELOCATION File I.D.: 02 Location: 191 Width: 2 Country: 1,2,4,5 Implicit Decimal Places: 0 Universe: FOR COUNTRY EQ 1,5 - IF REF 72 EQ -2 FOR COUNTRY EQ 2 - IF REF 68 EQ 5,-2,-3 FOR COUNTRY EQ 4 - IF REF 72 EQ -2 About how many people are employed in the entire business, corporation or organization for which you work? Would it be fewer than 10; 10-50; 50-100; 100-500; 500-1000; 1000-10,000; or more than 10,000? 1 Fewer than 10 2 10-50 3 51-100 4 101-500 5 501-1000 6 1001-10,000 7 More than 10,000 -1 Skipped -2 Don't know -3 Skipped - should have been answered -5 Refused 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 ---------------------------------------------------- U.S. A39e 2 8 9 6 3 10 0 Sweden PR 46 60 25 18 1 7 1 Canada Q39C2X 30 49 23 52 22 20 2 Finland V73 2 6 3 2 2 1 0 -1 -2 -3 -5 ---------------------------------------------------- U.S. A39e 1721 1 0 0 Sweden PR 972 0 15 0 Canada Q39C2X 2361 18 0 0 Finland V73 919 63 0 0 (continued on next page) 72 (Variable 73 continued) NOTE: Canada The Canadian variable, Q39C2X, excludes respondents working for a company with more than one location. Q39C2X was constructed using Q39C2 REF 868. Finland - The Finnish variable, V73, was constructed using question A5b in Finnish Questionnaire I. I-A5B text: "Would the number of personnel be: 1. fewer than 10 2. 10-49 3. 50-99 4. 100-499 5. 500-999 6. more than 1000?" 73 V74 Reference: 74 PART LARGR CORP-DIF NAME File I.D.: 02 Location: 193 Width: 2 Country: 1,2,4,5 Implicit Decimal Places: 0 Universe: FOR COUNTRY EQ 1 - IF REF 68 EQ 1,-2,-3 OR REF 69 EQ 1 FOR COUNTRY EQ 2 - IF REF 68 EQ 1,-2,-3 FOR COUNTRY EQ 4 - IF REF 68 EQ 1,-2 OR REF 776 EQ 1 FOR COUNTRY EQ 5 - IF REF 68 EQ 1,-3 OR REF 69 EQ 1 Is this part of some larger corporation or organization with a different name? 1 Yes 5 No -1 Skipped -2 Don't know -3 Skipped - should have been answered -5 Refused 1 5 -1 -2 -3 -5 ---------------------------------------------------- U.S. A41 256 524 937 26 17 0 Sweden PRIBOL 190 175 771 4 5 0 Canada Q41AX 280 710 1511 76 0 0 Finland V74 101 192 623 11 71 0 NOTE: Canada The Canadian variable, Q41AX, excludes respondents working for a company with only one location. Q41AX was constructed using Q41A REF 869. Finland The Finnish variable, V74, was constructed using question A5c in Finnish Questionnaire I. I-A5c text: "Is your work-place part of some larger corporation, which has a different name? 1 Yes 2 No 3 I don't know" 74 V75 Reference: 75 STATE FUNDS File I.D.: 02 Location: 195 Width: 2 Country: 1,2,3 Implicit Decimal Places: 0 Universe: FOR COUNTRY EQ 1,2 - IF REF 15 EQ 2,4,7,-2,-3 OR REF 17 EQ 5,-2,-3 OR REF 20 EQ 1,-2,-3 FOR COUNTRY EQ 3 - IF REF 15 EQ 2,3 Does the company or organization for which you work regularly receive any funding from or do business with the federal, state, or local government? 1 Yes 3 Both receives funds and does business 5 No -1 Skipped -2 Don't know -3 Skipped - should have been answered -5 Refused 1 3 5 -1 -2 -3 -5 ---------------------------------------------------- U.S. A42 445 8 572 595 118 22 0 Sweden PRISTA 155 1 272 596 30 91 0 Norway SP301B 209 32 527 1692 0 72 0 75 V76 Reference: 76 %STATE FUNDS File I.D.: 02 Location: 197 Width: 3 Country: 1,2 Implicit Decimal Places: 0 Universe: FOR COUNTRY EQ 1,2 - IF REF 75 EQ 1,3 About what percent of the total business or funding would that be? (If both receives funds and does business with the federal, state or local government - record total or higher percentage.) 1-100 Total or higher percent -1 Skipped -2 Don't know -3 Skipped - should have been answered -5 Refused 1-100 -1 -2 -3 -5 ---------------------------------------------------- U.S. A42a 182 1307 267 4 0 Sweden PRIPRO 31 989 8 117 0 ******************************************************************** V77 Reference: 77 MORE THN HLF STATE FUNDS File I.D.: 02 Location: 200 Width: 2 Country: 1,2 Implicit Decimal Places: 0 Universe: FOR COUNTRY EQ 1,2 - IF REF 76 EQ -2 Would it be more than half? 1 Yes 5 No -1 Skipped -2 Don't know -3 Skipped - should have been answered -5 Refused 1 5 -1 -2 -3 ---------------------------------------------------- U.S. A42b 36 172 1493 51 8 Sweden PRIUNG 0 3 1137 4 1 76 V78 Reference: 78 SECOND JOB File I.D.: 02 Location: 202 Width: 2 Country: 1,2,3,4,5 Implicit Decimal Places: 0 Universe: FOR COUNTRY EQ 1,4 - IF REF 7 EQ 1 FOR COUNTRY EQ 2 - ALL FOR COUNTRY EQ 3 - IF REF 560 EQ 1 OR REF 561 EQ 1 FOR COUNTRY EQ 5 - IF 14 EQ 1 Do you have a second job? 1 Yes 5 No -1 Skipped -2 Don't know -3 Skipped - should have been answered -5 Refused 1 5 -1 -2 -3 -5 ---------------------------------------------------- U.S. A43 184 1312 262 0 2 0 Sweden EXTRA 116 1001 0 0 28 0 Norway SP032 138 1557 818 0 19 0 Canada Q42A 161 1624 792 0 0 0 Finland V78 96 691 208 0 3 0 NOTE: Finland The Finnish variable, V78, is question A16 in Finnish questionnaire I. The Finnish question was phrased differently: "Except for your main job do you have any second job?" 77 V79 Reference: 79 SECOND JOB OCCUPATION File I.D.: 02 Location: 204 Width: 4 Country: 1,2,3,4,5 Implicit Decimal Places: 0 Universe: FOR COUNTRY EQ 1,2,4,5 - IF REF 78 EQ 1 FOR COUNTRY EQ 3 - IF REF 595 EQ 1,3,-3 What kind of work do you do on this job? What are some of your main duties or activities? U.S. 1-994 3-digit 1970 Census Occupation Code Sweden 1-981 3-digit Swedish version of the Nordic Classification of Occupations Code Norway 1-7000 4-digit Norwegian version of the Nordic Classification of Occupations Code Canada 43-9919 4-digit 1971 Canadian Classification and Dictionary of Occupations Code. Finland 1-994 3-digit 1970 Census Occupation Code -1 Skipped -2 Don't know -3 Skipped - shuld have been answered -5 Refused 1-7000 -1 -2 -3 -5 ---------------------------------------------------- U.S. A43a 177 1576 0 7 0 Sweden EXNYK 105 1031 0 9 0 Norway SP036 100 2405 0 27 0 Canada Q42B 161 2416 0 0 0 Finland V79 83 902 0 13 0 NOTE: U.S. See Supplementary Code 1 for 1970 Census Occupation Code. Sweden See Supplementary Code 26 for Swedish version of the Nordic Classification of Occupations Code. (continued on next page) 78 (Variable 79 continued) Norway See Supplementary Code 25 for Norwegian version of the Nordic Classification of Occupations Code. See REF 757 for the Norwegian collapsed version of respondent's second occupation. Canada The 4-digit Canadian Occupations Code is from the Occupational Classification Manual, Census of Canada, 1971, based on Canadian Classification and Dictionary of Occupations, Volume II. Finland See Supplementary Code 1 for 1970 Census Occupation Code. The Finnish variable, V79, is question A18a in Finnish Questionnaire I. I-A18a was coded using the U.S. occupation codes. 79 V80 Reference: 80 SECOND JOB INDUSTRY File I.D.: 02 Location: 208 Width: 3 Country: 1,2,3,4,5 Implicit Decimal Places: 0 Universe: FOR COUNTRY EQ 1,2,4,5 - IF REF 78 EQ 1 FOR COUNTRY EQ 3 - IF REF 595 EQ 1,3,-3 What kind of business or industry is that in? That is, what do they make or do? U.S. 1-997 3-digit 1970 Census Industry Code Sweden 1-859 3-digit Swedish Industry Code Norway 2-95 2-digit Norwegian Industry Code Canada 11-999 3-digit 1980 Standard Industrial Classification Code. Finland 1-75 2-digit Finnish Industry Code -1 Skipped -2 Don't know -3 Skipped - should have been answered -5 Refused 1-999 -1 -2 -3 -5 ---------------------------------------------------- U.S. A43b 175 1576 0 9 0 Sweden EXNGR 106 1031 0 8 0 Norway SP035 100 2405 0 27 0 Canada Q42D 161 2416 0 0 0 Finland V80 91 902 0 5 0 NOTE: U.S. See Supplementary Code 2 for 1970 Census Industry Code. Sweden See Supplementary Code 27 for Swedish Industry Code based upon the "International Standard Industrial Classification of All Economic Activities." (continued on next page) 80 (Variable 80 continued) Norway See Supplementary Code 28 for Norwegian Industry Code based upon the "International Standard Industrial Classification of All Economic Activities." See REF 751 for the Norwegian collapsed version of resondent's second job industry. Canada See Supplementary Code 64 for 1980 Standard Industrial Classification Code. Finland See Supplementary Code 65 for Finnish Industry Code based on the 4-digit Nordic Industry Code. The Finnish variable, V80, is question A17a in Finnish Questionnaire I. 81 V81 Reference: 81 SECOND JOB-EMP/S-E/WOPAY File I.D.: 02 Location: 211 Width: 2 Country: 1,2,3,4,5 Implicit Decimal Places: 0 Universe: FOR COUNTRY EQ 1,2,4,5 - IF REF 78 EQ 1 FOR COUNTRY EQ 3 - IF REF 595 EQ 1,3,-3 On your second job are you employed by someone else, are you self-employed or do you work without pay in a family business or farm? 1 Someone else 2 Self-employed 3 Work without pay -1 Skipped -2 Don't know -3 Skipped - should have been answered -5 Refused 1 2 3 -1 -2 -3 -5 ---------------------------------------------------- U.S. A43c 103 65 11 1576 0 5 0 Sweden EXANS 71 26 1 1031 0 16 0 Norway SP037 32 69 1 2405 0 25 0 Canada Q42E 94 63 4 2416 0 0 0 Finland V81 55 30 8 902 0 3 0 NOTE: Norway The Norwegian variable, SP037, was recoded to match the U.S. coding. Canada The Canadian question was phrased differently: "On that job, are you self-employed or do you work for someone else?" Finland The Finnish variable, V81, was constructed using question A19 in Finnish Questionnaire I. I-A19 text: "In your second job are you...? 1 Employed by someone else 2 Self-employed owner of a business or service 3 Self-employed professional practice 4 Farmer 5 Working as a family member" 82 V82 Reference: 82 #HRS PER WEEK SECOND JOB File I.D.: 02 Location: 213 Width: 3 Country: 1,2,3,4,5 Implicit Decimal Places: 0 Universe: FOR COUNTRY EQ 1,2,4,5 - IF REF 78 EQ 1 FOR COUNTRY EQ 3 - IF REF 595 EQ 1,3,-3 About how many hours a week do you work on this second job? 1-168 Number of hours -1 Skipped -2 Don't know -3 Skipped - should have been answered -5 Refused 1-168 -1 -2 -3 -5 ---------------------------------------------------- U.S. A43d 172 1576 3 9 0 Sweden EXTID 95 1031 0 19 0 Norway SP040 82 2405 0 45 0 Canada Q42J 150 2416 1 10 0 Finland V82 88 902 0 8 0 NOTE: U.S. Hours are coded as reported even if figure seems unrealistically high. Finland The Finnish variable, V82, is question A20 in Finnish Questionnaire I. The Finnish question was phrased differently: "How many hours a week do you work at your second job (or in all your extra jobs) on the average?" 83 V83 Reference: 83 #HRS PER WEEK MAIN JOB File I.D.: 02 Location: 216 Width: 3 Country: 1,3,4 Implicit Decimal Places: 0 Universe: FOR COUNTRY EQ 1,3,4 - IF REF 78 EQ 1 How many hours do you usually work a week on your main job, including paid and unpaid overtime? 1-168 Number of hours -1 Skipped -2 Don't know -3 Skipped - should have been answered -5 Refused 1-168 -1 -2 -3 -5 ---------------------------------------------------- U.S. A43e 182 1576 1 1 0 Norway SP303 134 2394 0 4 0 Canada Q43 160 2416 0 1 0 NOTE: U.S. Hours are coded as reported even if figure seems unrealistically high. Norway The Norwegian variable, SP303, was constructed using SP032 REF 78 and SP041 REF 598. 84 V84 Reference: 84 #HRS PER WEEK ONE JOB File I.D.: 02 Location: 219 Width: 3 Country: 1,2,3,4,5 Implicit Decimal Places: 0 Universe: FOR COUNTRY EQ 1 - IF REF 8 EQ 1,2,3 OR REF 78 EQ 5,-2,-3 AND REF 9 NE 5 FOR COUNTRY EQ 2 - IF REF 78 EQ 5,-2,-3 FOR COUNTRY EQ 3,4 - IF REF 78 EQ 5 FOR COUNTRY EQ 5 - IF REF 78 EQ 5,-3 OR REF 14 EQ 2,3 About how many hours do you usually work a week, including paid and unpaid overtime? 1-168 Number of hours -1 Skipped -2 Don't know -3 Skipped - should have been answered -5 Refused 1-168 -1 -2 -3 -5 ---------------------------------------------------- U.S. A44 1521 216 3 20 0 Sweden ARBTID 954 114 4 73 0 Norway SP304 1521 975 0 36 0 Canada Q44X 1614 953 1 9 0 Finland V84 851 96 0 51 0 NOTE: U.S. Hours are coded as reported even if figure seems unrealistically high. For the U.S. survey this question was asked of unemployed and housewives who had ever worked as well as employed who did not have a second job. (continued on next page) 85 (Variable 84 continued) Sweden The Swedish variable, ARBTID, is a combination of the U.S. variables, A43d and A43e. ARBTID was recoded to match the U.S. variable, A44 and the original question appears as REF 538. The Swedish question was phrased differently: "About how many hours do you usually work a week including overtime and any second job?" Norway The Norwegian variable, SP304, was constructed using SP032 REF 78 and SP041 REF 598. Finland The Finnish variable, V84, is question A23 in Finnish Questionnaire I. The Finnish question was phrased differently: "How many hours a week do you work at your main job on average?" 86 V85 Reference: 85 CHECKPOINT 3 File I.D.: 02 Location: 222 Width: 2 Country: 1 Implicit Decimal Places: 0 Universe: FOR COUNTRY EQ 1 - IF REF 7 EQ 1 OR REF 8 EQ 2 OR REF 9 EQ 1 Interview checkpoint 1 Respondent self-employed on main job or an owner-employee or working without pay in family business or farm 2 All others -1 Skipped -2 Don't know -3 Skipped - should have been answered -5 Refused 1 2 -1 -2 -3 -5 ---------------------------------------------------- U.S. A45 234 1494 32 0 0 0 87 V86 Reference: 86 REQUIRED TO DESIGN WORK File I.D.: 02 Location: 224 Width: 2 Country: 1,2,3,4,5 Implicit Decimal Places: 0 Universe: FOR COUNTRY EQ 1 - IF REF 85 EQ 2 FOR COUNTRY EQ 2,5 - IF REF 14 EQ 1 FOR COUNTRY EQ 3,4 - IF REF 14 EQ 1,3 Now we have some questions about various aspects of your present main job. First, is yours a job in which you are required to design important aspects of your own work and to put your ideas into practice? Or is yours a job in which you are not required to design important aspects of your work or to put your ideas into practice, except perhaps in minor details? 1 Required to design work 5 Not required to design work -1 Skipped -2 Don't know -3 Skipped - should have been answered -5 Refused 1 5 -1 -2 -3 -5 ---------------------------------------------------- U.S. B1 699 783 266 4 8 0 Sweden P 566 437 110 0 32 0 Norway SP046 739 754 1014 0 25 0 Canada Q45 868 1171 533 0 5 0 Finland V86 498 291 208 0 1 0 NOTE: Finland The Finnish variable, V86, is question B1 in Finnish Questionnaire I. B1 was recoded to match the U.S. coding. 88 V87 Reference: 87 LEVEL OF CONCEPTL AUTONM File I.D.: 02 Location: 226 Width: 2 Country: 1,2,3,4,5 Implicit Decimal Places: 0 Universe: FOR COUNTRY EQ 1,2,5 - IF REF 86 EQ 1 FOR COUNTRY EQ 3,4 - IF REF 86 EQ 1,-3 Could you give me an example of how you design your work and put your ideas into practice? 1 High, unambiguous 2 High, probable 3 Medium, unambiguous 4 Medium, probable 5 Low 6 None -1 Skipped -2 Don't know -3 Skipped - should have been answered -5 Refused 1 2 3 4 5 6 ---------------------------------------------------- U.S. B2 231 117 177 71 61 40 Sweden NYTT 107 18 191 55 57 74 Norway SP047 341 79 156 61 75 9 Canada Q46B 289 92 280 69 127 16 Finland V87 99 80 93 117 96 12 -1 -2 -3 -5 ---------------------------------------------------- U.S. B2 1061 0 2 0 Sweden NYTT 590 0 53 0 Norway SP047 1768 0 43 0 Canada Q46B 1704 0 0 0 Finland V87 500 0 1 0 (continued on next page) 89 (Variable 87 continued) NOTE: U.S., Sweden, Canada and Finland See Appendix I for more information about this variable. Norway The Norwegian variable, SP047, was coded with the following values: 1 High autonomy 2 High autonomy probable 3 Moderate autonomy 4 Moderate autonomy probable 5 Low autonomy 6 No autonomy Finland The Finnish variable, V87, is question B2 in Finnish Questionnaire I. 90 V88 Reference: 88 EXAMPLE QUALITY File I.D.: 02 Location: 228 Width: 2 Country: 1 Implicit Decimal Places: 0 Universe: FOR COUNTRY EQ 1 - IF REF 86 EQ 1 Example quality 1 No example given 2 Example given but uncodable 3 Codable example -1 Skipped -2 Don't know -3 Skipped - should have been answered -5 Refused 1 2 3 -1 -2 -3 -5 ---------------------------------------------------- U.S. B2a 20 25 654 1061 0 0 0 NOTE: U.S. See Appendix I for more information about this variable. 91 V89 Reference: 89 DECIDE WHEN WORK File I.D.: 02 Location: 230 Width: 2 Country: 1,2,3,4,5 Implicit Decimal Places: 0 Universe: FOR COUNTRY EQ 1 - IF REF 85 EQ 2 FOR COUNTRY EQ 2,5 - IF REF 14 EQ 1 FOR COUNTRY EQ 3,4 - IF REF 14 EQ 1,3 Here are a number of different work activities. For each one, please tell me if you can do this on your job, either officially or unofficially. The first activity is deciding when to come to work and when to leave work. Can you do this on your job, either officially or unofficially? 1 Yes 5 No -1 Skipped -2 Don't know -3 Skipped - should have been answered -5 Refused 1 5 -1 -2 -3 -5 ---------------------------------------------------- U.S. B3a 599 882 266 0 13 0 Sweden KOMARB 247 736 110 0 52 0 Norway SP050A 367 1120 1014 0 31 0 Canada Q47A 514 1525 538 0 0 0 Finland V89 154 635 208 0 1 0 NOTE: Finland The Finnish variable, V89, is question B3a in Finnish Questionnaire I. B3a was recoded to match the U.S. coding. The Finnish question was phrased differently: "Decide when to come to work and when to leave work (does not mean changing working time)." 92 V90 Reference: 90 DECIDE DAY OFF File I.D.: 02 Location: 232 Width: 2 Country: 1,2,3,4,5 Implicit Decimal Places: 0 Universe: FOR COUNTRY EQ 1 - IF REF 85 EQ 2 FOR COUNTRY EQ 2,5 - IF REF 14 EQ 1 FOR COUNTRY EQ 3,4 - IF REF 14 EQ 1,3 The next one is take a day off from work without losing pay or having to claim vacation time, sick leave or put in compensatory time. Can you do this on your job, either officially or unofficially? 1 Yes 5 No -1 Skipped -2 Don't know -3 Skipped - should have been answered -5 Refused 1 5 -1 -2 -3 -5 ---------------------------------------------------- U.S. B3b 552 929 266 2 11 0 Sweden LEDARB 93 889 110 0 53 0 Norway SP050B 283 1203 1014 0 32 0 Canada Q47B 554 1482 538 2 1 0 Finland V90 171 618 208 0 1 0 NOTE: Finland The Finnish variable, V90, is question B3b in Finnish Questionnaire I. B3b was recoded to match The U.S. coding. The Finnish question was phrased differently: "Take a day off from work without losing pay or having to claim vacation time." 93 V91 Reference: 91 DECIDE SLOW DOWN File I.D.: 02 Location: 234 Width: 2 Country: 1,2,3,4,5 Implicit Decimal Places: 0 Universe: FOR COUNTRY EQ 1 - IF REF 85 EQ 2 FOR COUNTRY EQ 2,5 - IF REF 14 EQ 1 FOR COUNTRY EQ 3,4 - IF REF 14 EQ 1,3 Considerably slow down your pace of work for a day when you want to. Can you do this on your job, either officially or unofficially? 1 Yes 5 No -1 Skipped -2 Don't know -3 Skipped - should have been answered -5 Refused 1 5 -1 -2 -3 -5 ---------------------------------------------------- U.S. B3c 911 568 266 6 9 0 Sweden ARBTAKT 497 470 110 1 67 0 Norway SP050C 737 749 1014 0 32 0 Canada Q47C 868 1169 538 0 2 0 Finland V91 455 329 208 0 6 0 NOTE: Finland The Finnish variable, V91, is question B3c in Finnish Questionnaire I. B3c was recoded to match the U.S. coding. The Finnish question was phrased differently: "Considerably slow down your pace of work for a day when you want to without receiving reduced pay?" 94 V92 Reference: 92 DECIDE NEW TASK File I.D.: 02 Location: 236 Width: 2 Country: 1,2,3,4,5 Implicit Decimal Places: 0 Universe: FOR COUNTRY EQ 1 - IF REF 85 EQ 2 FOR COUNTRY EQ 2,5 - IF REF 14 EQ 1 FOR COUNTRY EQ 3,4 - IF REF 14 EQ 1,3 Decide on your own to introduce a new task or work assignment that you will do on your job? Can you do this on your job, either officially or unofficially? 1 Yes 5 No -1 Skipped -2 Don't know -3 Skipped - should have been answered -5 Refused 1 5 -1 -2 -3 -5 ---------------------------------------------------- U.S. B3d 917 561 266 6 10 0 Sweden ARBSYS 406 568 110 0 61 0 Norway SP050D 700 778 1014 0 40 0 Canada Q47D 928 1111 538 0 0 0 Finland V92 262 401 208 0 127 0 NOTE: Finland The Finnish variable, V92, is question B3d in Finnish Questionnaire I. B3d was recoded to match the U.S. coding. 95 V93 Reference: 93 SUPERVISE File I.D.: 02 Location: 238 Width: 2 Country: 1,2,3,4,5 Implicit Decimal Places: 0 Universe: FOR COUNTRY EQ 1 - IF REF 85 EQ 2 FOR COUNTRY EQ 2,4,5 - IF REF 14 EQ 1 FOR COUNTRY EQ 3 - IF REF 14 EQ 1,3 As an official part of your main job, do you supervise the work of other employees or tell other employees what work to do? 1 Yes 5 No -1 Skipped -2 Don't know -3 Skipped - should have been answered -5 Refused 1 5 -1 -2 -3 -5 ---------------------------------------------------- U.S. C1 655 836 266 0 3 0 Sweden ARBLED 306 689 110 1 39 0 Norway SP056 478 1001 1014 0 39 0 Canada Q72X 644 1381 550 0 2 0 Finland V93 187 602 208 0 1 0 NOTE: Canada The Canadian variable, Q72X, excludes all self-employed respondents. Q72X was constructed using Q72 REF 870. Finland The Finnish variable, V93, is question C1 in Finnish Questionnaire I. C1 was recoded to match the U.S. coding. 96 V94 Reference: 94 EVER SUPERVISE File I.D.: 02 Location: 240 Width: 2 Country: 1,2,3,4,5 Implicit Decimal Places: 0 Universe: FOR COUNTRY EQ 1,2,3 - IF REF 93 EQ 5,-2-3 FOR COUNTRY EQ 4,5 - IF REF 93 EQ 5 Have you ever had a job in which you supervised the work of other employees or told other employees what work to do? 1 Yes 5 No -1 Skipped -2 Don't know -3 Skipped - should have been answered -5 Refused 1 5 -1 -2 -3 -5 ---------------------------------------------------- U.S. C1a 388 439 921 0 12 0 Sweden TIARLE 116 508 425 0 96 0 Norway SP057 200 776 1492 0 64 0 Canada Q72AX 497 884 1196 0 0 0 Finland V94 61 509 396 0 32 0 NOTE: Canada The Canadian variable, Q72AX, excludes all self-employed respondents. Q72AX was constructed using Q72A REF 871. Finland The Finnish variable, V94, is question C1a in Finnish Questionnaire I. The Finnish question was phrased differently: "Have you ever had a main job in which you supervised the work of other employees or told other employees what work to do?" 97 V95 Reference: 95 HOW MANY SUPERVISE File I.D.: 02 Location: 242 Width: 3 Country: 1,2,3,4,5 Implicit Decimal Places: 0 Universe: FOR COUNTRY EQ 1,2,4,5 - IF REF 93 EQ 1 FOR COUNTRY EQ 3 - IF REF 93 EQ 1,-3 How many people do you directly supervise? 1-995 Number given -1 Skipped -2 Don't know -3 Skipped - should have been answered -5 Refused 1-995 -1 -2 -3 -5 ---------------------------------------------------- U.S. C2 642 1105 0 13 0 Sweden LEDPER 221 850 3 71 0 Norway SP060 445 2015 0 72 0 Canada XC2 640 1933 0 4 0 Finland V95 178 811 0 9 0 NOTE: Canada The Canadian variable, XC2, was constructed using Q73A1 REF 1025 and Q73A2 REF 1026. Finland The Finnish variable, V95, is question C2 in Finnish Questionnaire I. The Finnish question was phrased differently: "How many people do you supervise at present?" 98 V96 Reference: 96 OCCUP OF SUBORDINATE File I.D.: 02 Location: 245 Width: 3 Country: 1,2,4 Implicit Decimal Places: 0 Universe: FOR COUNTRY EQ 1,2,4 - IF REF 95 EQ 1 What are this person's main activities? U.S. 10-80 2-digit Omnibus Occupation Code Sweden 00-93 2-digit Swedish version of the Nordic Classification of Occupations Code Canada 1-991 3-digit 1980 Standard Occupational Classification Code. -1 Skipped -2 Don't know -3 Skipped - should have been answered -5 Refused 0-991 -1 -2 -3 -5 ---------------------------------------------------- U.S. C2a 76 1672 0 12 0 Sweden LEDEN 26 1117 0 2 0 Canada Q73BX 98 2475 0 4 0 NOTE: U.S. See Supplementary Code 3 for Omnibus Occupation Code. Sweden See Supplementary Code 26 for Swedish version of the Nordic Classification of Occupations Code. Canada See Supplementary Code 63 for 1980 Standard Occupational Classification Code. The Canadian variable, Q73BX, excludes all self-employed respondents. Q73BX was constructed using Q73B REF 872. 99 V97 Reference: 97 IS SUBORDINT SUPERVISOR File I.D.: 02 Location: 248 Width: 2 Country: 1,3,4 Implicit Decimal Places: 0 Universe: FOR COUNTRY EQ 1,4 - IF REF 93 EQ 1 FOR COUNTRY EQ 3 - IF REF 93 EQ 1,-3 Does (do any of) your subordinate(s) have subordinates under him (them)? 1 Yes 5 No -1 Skipped -2 Don't know -3 Skipped - should have been answered -5 Refused 1 5 -1 -2 -3 -5 ---------------------------------------------------- U.S. C2b 213 421 1105 3 18 0 Norway SP059 178 303 2015 0 36 0 Canada Q74X 180 464 1933 0 0 0 NOTE: Canada The Canadian variable, Q74X, excludes all self-employed respondents. Q74X was constructed using Q74 REF 873. 100 V98 Reference: 98 DECIDE TASKS OF SUBORD1 File I.D.: 02 Location: 250 Width: 2 Country: 1,2,3,4,5 Implicit Decimal Places: 0 Universe: FOR COUNTRY EQ 1,2,4,5 - IF REF 93 EQ 1 FOR COUNTRY EQ 3 - IF REF 93 EQ 1,-3 As a part of your job are you directly responsible for any of the following: the first thing is deciding the specific tasks or work assignments performed by your subordinates. Is this one of your responsibilities? 1 Yes 5 No -1 Skipped -2 Don't know -3 Skipped - should have been answered -5 Refused 1 5 -1 -2 -3 -5 ---------------------------------------------------- U.S. C3a 507 145 1105 0 3 0 Sweden LEDSYS 198 29 850 1 67 0 Norway SP061A 380 107 2015 0 30 0 Canada Q75AX 531 113 1933 0 0 0 Finland V98 142 41 811 0 4 0 NOTE: Canada The Canadian variable, Q75AX, excludes all self-employed respondents. Q75AX was constructed using Q75A REF 874. Finland The Finnish variable, V98, is question C3a in Finnish Questionnaire I. C3a was recoded to match the U.S. coding. 101 V99 Reference: 99 DECIDE PROCEDRS/TOOLS SB File I.D.: 02 Location: 252 Width: 2 Country: 1,2,3,4,5 Implicit Decimal Places: 0 Universe: FOR COUNTRY EQ 1,2,4,5 - IF REF 93 EQ 1 FOR COUNTRY EQ 3 - IF REF 93 EQ 1,-3 The next issue is deciding what procedures, tools or materials your subordinates use in doing their work. Are you responsible for this? 1 Yes 5 No -1 Skipped -2 Don't know -3 Skipped - should have been answered -5 Refused 1 5 -1 -2 -3 -5 ---------------------------------------------------- U.S. C3b 451 200 1105 0 4 0 Sweden LEDUTF 170 52 850 1 72 0 Norway SP061B 331 155 2015 0 31 0 Canada Q75BX 446 198 1933 0 0 0 Finland V99 131 52 811 0 4 0 NOTE: Canada The Canadian variable, Q75BX, excludes all self-employed respondents. Q75BX was constructed using Q75B REF 875. Finland The Finnish variable, V99, is question C3b in Finnish Questionnaire I. C3b was recoded to match the U.S. coding. 102 V100 Reference: 100 DECIDE PACE OF WORK-SUB File I.D.: 02 Location: 254 Width: 2 Country: 1,2,3,4,5 Implicit Decimal Places: 0 Universe: FOR COUNTRY EQ 1,2,4,5 - IF REF 93 EQ 1 FOR COUNTRY EQ 3 - IF REF 93 EQ 1,-3 What about deciding how fast they work, how long they work, or how much work they have to get done? Are you responsible for this? 1 Yes 5 No -1 Skipped -2 Don't know -3 Skipped - should have been answered -5 Refused 1 5 -1 -2 -3 -5 ---------------------------------------------------- U.S. C3c 391 259 1105 0 5 0 Sweden LEDTEM 138 84 850 2 71 0 Norway SP061C 236 247 2015 0 34 0 Canada Q75CX 413 231 1933 0 0 0 Finland V100 96 86 811 0 5 0 NOTE: Canada The Canadian variable, Q75CX, excludes all self-employed respondents. Q75CX was constructed using Q75C REF 876. Finland The Finnish variable, V100, is question C3c in Finnish Questionnaire I. C3c was recoded to match the U.S. coding. 103 V101 Reference: 101 PAY RAISE OR PROMOTION1 File I.D.: 02 Location: 256 Width: 2 Country: 1,2,3,4,5 Implicit Decimal Places: 0 Universe: FOR COUNTRY EQ 1,2,4,5 - IF REF 93 EQ 1 FOR COUNTRY EQ 3 - IF REF 93 EQ 1,-3 We would like to know if, as part of your job, you can influence the pay, promotion or discipline of the people you supervise. As I read each of the following items, please tell me if you have any influence in this area. The first item is granting a pay raise or promotion to a subordinate. Do you have any influence on this? 1 Yes 5 No -1 Skipped -2 Don't know -3 Skipped - should have been answered -5 Refused 1 5 -1 -2 -3 -5 ---------------------------------------------------- U.S. C4a 313 339 1105 1 2 0 Sweden LEDLON 90 139 850 0 66 0 Norway SP305 128 348 2015 0 41 0 Canada Q77AX 238 405 1933 0 1 0 Finland V101 73 110 811 0 4 0 NOTE: Norway The Norwegian variable, SP305, was constructed using SP062A REF 604. Canada The Canadian variable, Q77AX, excludes all self-employed respondents. Q77AX was constructed using Q77a REF 877. Finland The Finnish variable, V101, is question C4a in Finnish Questionnaire I. C4a was recoded to match the U.S. coding. 104 V102 Reference: 102 PAY RAISE OR PROMOTION2 File I.D.: 02 Location: 258 Width: 2 Country: 1,2,3,4,5 Implicit Decimal Places: 0 Universe: FOR COUNTRY EQ 1,2,3,4,5 - IF REF 101 EQ 1 Who has the greatest influence, you or someone higher up in the organization? 1 Respondent 2 Higher-up 3 Equal -1 Skipped -2 Don't know -3 Skipped - should have been answered -5 Refused 1 2 3 -1 -2 -3 -5 ---------------------------------------------------- U.S. C5a 64 237 12 1447 0 0 0 Sweden LEDLO 11 79 0 1055 0 0 0 Norway SP306 27 101 0 2404 0 0 0 Canada X77A 72 129 37 2339 0 0 0 Finland V102 9 37 25 925 0 2 0 NOTE: Sweden and Norway The Swedish and Norwegian surveys did not provide code 3 (equal) as a possible response. Norway The Norwegian variable, SP306, was constructed using SP062A REF 604. Canada The Canadian variable, X77A, excludes all self-employed respondents. X77A was constructed using Q77A REF 877. Finland - The Finnish variable, V102, is question C4aa in Finnish questionnaire I. The Finnish question was phrased differently: "Who has the greatest influence in practice, you or someone higher-up in the organization?" 105 V103 Reference: 103 PAY RAISE OR PROMOTION3 File I.D.: 02 Location: 260 Width: 2 Country: 1 Implicit Decimal Places: 0 Universe: FOR COUNTRY EQ 1 - IF REF 102 EQ 3 Overall, if you had to make a choice, who would you say had the most influence on this? 1 Respondent 2 Higher-up -1 Skipped -2 Don't know -3 Skipped - should have been answered -5 Refused 1 2 -1 -2 -3 -5 ---------------------------------------------------- U.S. C6a 5 6 1748 0 1 0 106 V104 Reference: 104 PREVENTING RAISE1 File I.D.: 02 Location: 262 Width: 2 Country: 1,2,3,4,5 Implicit Decimal Places: 0 Universe: FOR COUNTRY EQ 1,2,4,5 - IF REF 93 EQ 1 FOR COUNTRY EQ 3 - IF REF 93 EQ 1,-3 How about preventing a subordinate from getting a pay raise or promotion because of poor work or misbehavior? Do you have any influence on this? 1 Yes 5 No -1 Skipped -2 Don't know -3 Skipped - should have been answered -5 Refused 1 5 -1 -2 -3 -5 ---------------------------------------------------- U.S. C4b 409 243 1105 0 3 0 Sweden LEDHIN 98 126 850 0 71 0 Norway SP307 200 273 2015 0 44 0 Canada Q77BX 313 330 1933 1 0 0 Finland V104 70 111 811 0 6 0 NOTE: Norway The Norwegian variable, SP307, was constructed using SP062B REF 605. Canada The Canadian variable, Q77BX, excludes all self-employed respondents. Q77BX was constructed using Q77B REF 878. Finland The Finnish variable, V104, is question C4b in Finnish Questionnaire I. C4b was recoded to match the U.S. coding. 107 V105 Reference: 105 PREVENTING RAISE2 File I.D.: 02 Location: 264 Width: 2 Country: 1,2,3,4,5 Implicit Decimal Places: 0 Universe: FOR COUNTRY EQ 1,2,3,5 - IF REF 104 EQ 1 FOR COUNTRY EQ 4 - IF REF 104 EQ 1,-2 Who has the greatest influence, you or someone higher up in the organization? 1 Respondent 2 Higher-up 3 Equal -1 Skipped -2 Don't know -3 Skipped - should have been answered -5 Refused 1 2 3 -1 -2 -3 -5 5 ---------------------------------------------------- U.S. C5b 114 290 4 1351 0 1 0 Sweden LEDHI 12 46 0 1047 0 40 0 Norway SP308 60 140 0 2332 0 0 0 Canada X77B 99 167 47 2263 1 0 0 Finland V105 10 32 26 928 0 2 0 (continued on next page) 108 (Variable 105 continued) NOTE: Sweden and Norway The Swedish and Norwegian surveys did not provide code 3 (equal) as a possible response. Norway The Norwegian variable, SP308, was constructed using SP062B REF 605. Canada The Canadian variable, X77B, excludes all self-employed respondents. X77B was constructed using Q77B REF 878. Finland The Finnish variable, V105, is question C4ba in Finnish Questionnaire I. The Finnish question was phrased differently: "Who has the greatest influence in practice, you or someone higher-up in the organization?" 109 V106 Reference: 106 PREVENTING RAISE3 File I.D.: 02 Location: 266 Width: 2 Country: 1 Implicit Decimal Places: 0 Universe: FOR COUNTRY EQ 1 - IF REF 105 EQ 3 Overall, if you had to make a choice, who would you say had the most influence on this? 1 Respondent 2 Higher-up -1 Skipped -2 Don't know -3 Skipped - should have been answered -5 Refused 1 2 -1 -2 -3 -5 ---------------------------------------------------- U.S. C6b 2 2 1756 0 0 0 110 V107 Reference: 107 FIRE OR SUSPEND1 File I.D.: 02 Location: 268 Width: 2 Country: 1,2,3,4,5 Implicit Decimal Places: 0 Universe: FOR COUNTRY EQ 1,2,4,5 - IF REF 93 EQ 1 FOR COUNTRY EQ 3 - IF REF 93 EQ 1,-3 Firing or temporarily suspending a subordinate? Do you have any influence on this? 1 Yes 5 No -1 Skipped -2 Don't know -3 Skipped - should have been answered -5 Refused 1 5 -1 -2 -3 -5 ---------------------------------------------------- U.S. C4c 324 327 1105 0 4 0 Sweden LEDAVSK 70 155 850 0 70 0 Norway SP309 132 343 2015 0 42 0 Canada Q77CX 285 359 1933 0 0 0 Finland V107 65 116 811 0 6 0 NOTE: Norway The Norwegian variable, SP309, was constructed using SP062C REF 606. Canada The Canadian variable, Q77CX, excludes all self-employed respondents. Q77CX was constructed using Q77C REF 879. Finland The Finnish variable, V107, is question C4c in Finnish Questionnaire I. C4c was recoded to match the U.S. coding. 111 V108 Reference: 108 FIRE OR SUSPEND2 File I.D.: 02 Location: 270 Width: 2 Country: 1,2,3,4,5 Implicit Decimal Places: 0 Universe: FOR COUNTRY EQ 1,2,3,4,5 - IF REF 107 EQ 1 Who has the greatest influence, you or someone higher up in the organization? 1 Respondent 2 Higher-up 3 Equal -1 Skipped -2 Don't know -3 Skipped - should have been answered -5 Refused 1 2 3 -1 -2 -3 -5 ---------------------------------------------------- U.S. C5c 100 214 8 1436 0 2 0 Sweden LEDAVS 4 65 0 1075 0 1 0 Norway SP310 48 84 0 2400 0 0 0 Canada X77C 92 149 44 2292 0 0 0 Finland V108 14 21 26 933 0 4 0 NOTE: Sweden and Norway The Swedish and Norwegian surveys did not provide code 3 (equal) as a possible response. Norway The Norwegian variable, SP310, was constructed using SP062C REF 606. Canada The Canadian variable, X77C, excludes all self-employed respondents. X77C was constructed using Q77C REF 879. Finland The Finnish variable, V108, is question C4ca in Finnish Questionnaire I. The Finnish question was phrased differently: "Who has the greatest influence in practice, you or someone higher-up in the organization?" 112 V109 Reference: 109 FIRE OR SUSPEND3 File I.D.: 02 Location: 272 Width: 2 Country: 1 Implicit Decimal Places: 0 Universe: FOR COUNTRY EQ 1 - IF REF 108 EQ 3 Overall, if you had to make a choice, who would you say had the most influence on this? 1 Respondent 2 Higher-up -1 Skipped -2 Don't know -3 Skipped - should have been answered -5 Refused 1 2 -1 -2 -3 -5 ---------------------------------------------------- U.S. C6c 3 3 1752 0 2 0 113 V110 Reference: 110 FORMAL WARNING1 File I.D.: 02 Location: 274 Width: 2 Country: 1,2,3,4,5 Implicit Decimal Places: 0 Universe: FOR COUNTRY EQ 1,2,4,5 - IF REF 93 EQ 1 FOR COUNTRY EQ 3 - IF REF 93 EQ 1,-3 Issuing a formal warning to a subordinate? Do you have any influence on this? 1 Yes 5 No -1 Skipped -2 Don't know -3 Skipped - should have been answered -5 Refused 1 5 -1 -2 -3 -5 ---------------------------------------------------- U.S. C4d 412 238 1105 1 4 0 Sweden LEDVARN 132 98 850 0 65 0 Norway SP311 281 193 2015 0 43 0 Canada Q77DX 389 254 1933 0 1 0 Finland V110 87 94 811 0 6 0 NOTE: Norway The Norwegian variable, SP311, was constructed using SP062D REF 607. Canada The Canadian variable, Q77DX, excludes all self-employed respondents. Q77DX was constructed using Q77D REF 880. Finland The Finnish variable, V110, is question C4d in Finnish Questionnaire I. C4d was recoded to match the U.S. coding. 114 V111 Reference: 111 FORMAL WARNING2 File I.D.: 02 Location: 276 Width: 2 Country: 1,2,3,4,5 Implicit Decimal Places: 0 Universe: FOR COUNTRY EQ 1,2,3,4,5 - IF REF 110 EQ 1 Who has the greatest influence, you or someone higher up in the organization? 1 Respondent 2 Higher-up 3 Equal -1 Skipped -2 Refused -3 Skipped - should have been answered -5 Refused 1 2 3 -1 -2 -3 -5 ---------------------------------------------------- U.S. C5d 153 252 3 1348 0 4 0 Sweden LEDVAR 25 107 0 1013 0 0 0 Norway SP312 156 125 0 2251 0 0 0 Canada X77D 156 189 44 2188 0 0 0 Finland V111 33 24 25 911 0 5 0 NOTE: Sweden and Norway The Swedish and Norwegian surveys did not provide code 3 (equal) as a possible response. Norway The Norwegian variable, SP312, was constructed using SP062D REF 607. Canada The Canadian variable, X77D, excludes all self-employed respondents. X77D was constructed using Q77D REF 880. Finland The Finnish variable, V111, is question C4da in Finnish Questionnaire I. The Finnish question was phrased differently: "Who has the greatest influence in practice, you or someone higher-up in the organization?" 115 V112 Reference: 112 FORMAL WARNING3 File I.D.: 02 Location: 278 Width: 2 Country: 1 Implicit Decimal Places: 0 Universe: FOR COUNTRY EQ 1 - IF REF 111 EQ 3 Overall, if you had to make a choice, who would you say has the most influence on this? 1 Respondent 2 Higher-up -1 Skipped -2 Don't know -3 Skipped - should have been answered -5 Refused 1 2 -1 -2 -3 -5 ---------------------------------------------------- U.S. C6d 0 3 1757 0 0 0 116 V113 Reference: 113 POLICY MAKING PARTICIPAT File I.D.: 02 Location: 280 Width: 2 Country: 1,2,3,4,5 Implicit Decimal Places: 0 Universe: FOR COUNTRY EQ 1 - IF REF 85 EQ 2 FOR COUNTRY EQ 2,4,5 - IF REF 14 EQ 1 FOR COUNTRY EQ 3 - IF REF 14 EQ 1,3 The next question concerns policy-making at your workplace that is, making decisions about such things as the products or services delivered, the total number of people employed, budgets, and so forth. Do you participate in making these kinds of decisions, or even provide advice about them? 1 Yes 5 No -1 Skipped -2 Don't know -3 Skipped - should have been answered -5 Refused 1 5 -1 -2 -3 -5 ---------------------------------------------------- U.S. D1 487 994 266 1 12 0 Sweden DELBES 291 692 110 0 52 0 Norway SP063 438 1060 1014 0 20 0 Canada Q80X 544 1481 552 0 0 0 Finland V113 221 564 208 0 5 0 NOTE: Canada The Canadian variable, Q80X, excludes all self-employed respondents. Q80X was constructed using Q80 REF 881. Finland The Finnish variable, V113, is question D1 in Finnish Questionnaire I. D1 was recoded to match the U.S. coding. The Finnish question was phrased differently: "The following questions are about decision-making at your work-place. By virtue of your position do you participate in decisions about such things as production, the total number of people employed, about budgets or do you provide initiatives or proposals about them?" 117 V114 Reference: 114 DECISION #EMPLOYED1 File I.D.: 02 Location: 282 Width: 2 Country: 1,2,3,4,5 Implicit Decimal Places: 0 Universe: FOR COUNTRY EQ 1,2,4,5 - IF REF 113 EQ 1 FOR COUNTRY EQ 3 - IF REF 113 EQ 1,-3 Think of your specific place of work. If the organization for which you work has more than one branch, plant or store, think of the specific location where you work. I will ask you about decisions which might affect your workplace. For each, tell me if you are personally involved in this decision, including providing advice on it. First, are you personally involved in decisions to increase or decrease the total number of people employed in the place where you work? 1 Yes 5 No 6 Not an issue -1 Skipped -2 Don't know -3 Skipped - should have been answered -5 Refused 1 5 6 -1 -2 -3 -5 ---------------------------------------------------- U.S. D2a 199 288 0 1273 0 0 0 Sweden DELANS 182 74 0 865 0 24 0 Norway SP313 286 152 0 2074 0 20 0 Canada Q81AX 244 284 15 2033 0 1 0 Finland V114 175 44 0 777 0 2 0 NOTE: Sweden, Norway and Finland The Swedish, Norwegian and Finnish surveys did not provide code 6 (not an issue) as a possible response. Norway The Norwegian variable, SP313, was constructed using SP064A REF 608. (continued on next page) 118 (Variable 114 continued) Canada The Canadian variable, Q81AX, excludes all self-employed respondents. Q81AX was constructed using Q81A REF 882. Finland The Finnish variable, V114, was constructed using question D2a in Finnish Questionnaire I. I-D2a text: "For each of the following questions, tell me if you by virtue of your position, are to decide about it or otherwise provide initiatives or proposals. How do you participate in decisions to increase or decrease the total number of people employed in the place where you work?" 119 V115 Reference: 115 DECISION #EMPLOYED2 File I.D.: 02 Location: 284 Width: 2 Country: 1,2,3,4,5 Implicit Decimal Places: 0 Universe: FOR COUNTRY EQ 1,2,4,5 - IF REF 114 EQ 1 FOR COUNTRY EQ 3 - IF REF 114 EQ 1,-3 How do you usually participate in this decision? Do you make the decision on your own authority; do you participate as a voting member of a group which makes the decision; do you make the decision subject to approval; or do you provide advice to the person who actually makes the decision? 1 Make decision yourself 2 Make decision as a voting member of a group 3 Make decision subject to approval 4 Provide advice -1 Skipped -2 Don't know -3 Skipped - should have been answered -5 Refused 1 2 3 4 -1 -2 -3 -5 ---------------------------------------------------- U.S. D3a 20 36 39 104 1561 0 0 0 Sweden DELAN 4 30 20 96 963 0 32 0 Norway SP314 20 99 31 136 2226 0 20 0 Canada X81A 24 53 75 92 2333 0 0 0 Finland V115 9 43 52 71 823 0 0 0 NOTE: Norway The Norwegian variable, SP314, was constructed using SP064A REF 608. Canada The Canadian variable, X81A, excludes all self-employed respondents. X81A was constructed using Q81A REF 882. Finland The Finnish variable, V115, was constructed using question D2a in Finnish Questionnaire I. I-D2a text: "For each of the following questions, tell me if you by virtue of your position, are to decide about it or otherwise provide initiatives or proposals. How do you participate in decisions to increase or decrease the total number of people employed in the place where you work?" 120 V116 Reference: 116 DECISION PRODUCTS1 File I.D.: 02 Location: 286 Width: 2 Country: 1,2,3,4,5 Implicit Decimal Places: 0 Universe: FOR COUNTRY EQ 1,2,4,5 - IF REF 113 EQ 1 FOR COUNTRY EQ 3 - IF REF 113 EQ 1,-3 How about policy decision to significantly change the products, programs, or services delivered by the organizations for which you work? 1 Yes 5 No 6 Not an issue -1 Skipped -2 Don't know -3 Skipped - should have been answered -5 Refused 1 5 6 -1 -2 -3 -5 ---------------------------------------------------- U.S. D2b 302 180 4 1273 0 1 0 Sweden DELPRO 186 66 0 865 0 28 0 Norway SP315 307 128 0 2074 0 23 0 Canada Q81BX 320 205 18 2033 0 1 0 Finland V116 171 48 0 777 0 2 0 NOTE: Sweden, Norway and Finland The Swedish, Norwegian and Finnish surveys did not provide code 6 (not an issue) as a possible response. Norway The Norwegian variable, SP315, was constructed using SP064B REF 609. Canada The Canadian variable, Q81BX, excludes all self-employed respondents. Q81BX was constructed using Q81B REF 883. Finland The Finnish variable, V116, was constructed using question D2b in Finnish Questionnaire I. I-D2b text: "How about decisions that significantly change the product or services delivered by the work place?" 121 V117 Reference: 117 DECISION PRODUCTS2 File I.D.: 02 Location: 288 Width: 2 Country: 1,2,3,4,5 Implicit Decimal Places: 0 Universe: FOR COUNTRY EQ 1,2,4,5 - IF REF 116 EQ 1 FOR COUNTRY EQ 3 - IF REF 116 EQ 1,-3 How do you usually participate in this decision? Do you make the decision on your own authority; do you participate as a voting member of a group which makes the decision; do you make the decision subject to approval; or do you provide advice to the person who actually makes the decision? 1 Make decision yourself 2 Make decision as voting member of a group 3 Make decision subject to approval 4 Provide advice -1 Skipped -2 Don't know -3 Skipped - should have been answered -5 Refused 1 2 3 4 -1 -2 -3 -5 ---------------------------------------------------- U.S. D3b 38 71 56 137 1458 0 0 0 Sweden DELPR 13 63 27 83 959 0 0 0 Norway SP316 32 115 38 122 2202 0 23 0 Canada X81B 24 76 103 117 2257 0 0 0 Finland V117 11 54 43 63 827 0 0 0 NOTE: Norway The Norwegian variable, SP316, was constructed using SP064B REF 609. Canada The Canadian variable, X81B, excludes all self-employed respondents. X81B was constructed using Q81B REF 883. Finland The Finnish variable, V117, was constructed using question D2b in Finnish Questionnaire I. I-D2b text: "How about decisions that significantly change the product or services delivered by the work place?" 122 V118 Reference: 118 DECISION PACE1 File I.D.: 02 Location: 290 Width: 2 Country: 1,2,3,4,5 Implicit Decimal Places: 0 Universe: FOR COUNTRY EQ 1,2,4,5 - IF REF 113 EQ 1 FOR COUNTRY EQ 3 - IF REF 113 EQ 1,-3 How about decisions to change the policy concerning the routine pace of work or the amount of work performed in your workplace as a whole? 1 Yes 5 No 6 Not an issue -1 Skipped -2 Don't know -3 Skipped - should have been answered -5 Refused 1 5 6 -1 -2 -3 -5 ---------------------------------------------------- U.S. D2c 306 166 13 1273 0 2 0 Sweden DELTAK 183 64 0 865 0 33 0 Norway SP317 301 133 0 2074 0 24 0 Canada Q81CX 336 183 23 2033 0 2 0 Finland V118 152 65 0 777 0 4 0 NOTE: Sweden, Norway and Finland The Swedish, Norwegian and Finnish survey did not provide code 6 (not an issue) as a possible response. Norway The Norwegian variable, SP317, was constructed using SP064C REF 610. Canada The Canadian variable, Q81CX, excludes all self-employed respondents. Q81CX was constructed using Q81C REF 884. Finland The Finnish variable, V118, was constructed using question D2c in Finnish Questionnaire I. I-D2c text: "How about the decisions to change the policy concerning routine pace of work or the amount of work performed in your work place (as a whole or in a major part of it)?" 123 V119 Reference: 119 DECISION PACE2 File I.D.: 02 Location: 292 Width: 2 Country: 1,2,3,4,5 Implicit Decimal Places: 0 Universe: FOR COUNTRY EQ 1,2,4,5 - IF REF 118 EQ 1 FOR COUNTRY EQ 3 - IF REF 118 EQ 1,-3 How do you usually participate in this decision? Do you make the decision on your own authority; do you participate as a voting member of a group which makes the decision; do you make the decision subject to approval; or do you provide advice to the person who actually makes the decision? 1 Make decision yourself 2 Make decision as a voting member of group 3 Make decision subject to approval 4 Provide advice -1 Skipped -2 Don't know -3 Skipped - should have been answered -5 Refused 1 2 3 4 -1 -2 -3 -5 ---------------------------------------------------- U.S. D3c 83 57 45 121 1454 0 0 0 Sweden DELTA 23 47 28 83 962 0 2 0 Norway SP318 33 111 37 120 2207 0 24 0 Canada X81C 60 74 90 112 2241 0 0 0 Finland V119 36 49 34 33 846 0 0 0 NOTE: Norway The Norwegian variable, SP318, was constructed using SP064C REF 610. Canada The Canadian variable, X81C, excludes all self-employed respondents. X81C was constructed using Q81C REF 884. Finland The Finnish variable, V119, was constructed using question D2c in Finnish Questionnaire I. I-D2c text: "How about the decisions to change the policy concerning routine pace of work or the amount of work performed in your work place (as a whole or in a major part of it)?" 124 V120 Reference: 120 DECISION PROCEDURES1 File I.D.: 02 Location: 294 Width: 2 Country: 1,2,3,4,5 Implicit Decimal Places: 0 Universe: FOR COUNTRY EQ 1,2,4,5 - IF REF 113 EQ 1 FOR COUNTRY EQ 3 - IF REF 113 EQ 1,-3 How about policy decisions to significantly change the basic methods or procedures of work used in a major part of your workplace? 1 Yes 5 No 6 Not an issue -1 Skipped -2 Don't know -3 Skipped - should have been answered -5 Refused 1 5 6 -1 -2 -3 -5 ---------------------------------------------------- U.S. D2d 298 178 8 1273 1 2 0 Sweden DELF 186 67 0 865 0 27 0 Norway SP319 331 109 0 2074 0 18 0 Canada Q81DX 334 189 20 2033 0 1 0 Finland V120 184 33 0 777 0 4 0 NOTE: Sweden, Norway and Finland The Swedish, Norwegian and Finnish surveys did not provide code 6 (not an issue) as a possible response. Norway The Norwegian variable, SP319, was constructed using SP064D REF 611. Canada The Canadian variable, Q81DX, excludes all self-employed respondents. Q81DX was constructed using Q81D REF 885. Finland The Finnish variable, V120, was constructed using question D2d in Finnish Questionnaire I. I-D2d text: "How about policy decisions which significantly change the basic methods or procedures of work (used in a major part or the whole of your work place)?" 125 V121 Reference: 121 DECISION PROCEDURES2 File I.D.: 02 Location: 296 Width: 2 Country: 1,2,3,4,5 Implicit Decimal Places: 0 Universe: FOR COUNTRY EQ 1,2,4,5 - IF REF 120 EQ 1 FOR COUNTRY EQ 3 - IF REF 120 EQ 1,-3 How do you usually participate in this decision? Do you make the decision on your own authority; do you participate as a voting member of a group which makes the decision; do you make the decision subject to approval; or do you provide advice to the person who actually makes the decision? 1 Make decision yourself 2 Make decision as a voting member of group 3 Make decision subject to approval 4 Provide advice -1 Skipped -2 Don't know -3 Skipped - should have been answered -5 Refused 1 2 3 4 -1 -2 -3 -5 ---------------------------------------------------- U.S. D3d 49 72 51 126 1462 0 0 0 Sweden DELFO 5 76 13 92 959 0 0 0 Norway SP320 32 125 37 137 2183 0 18 0 Canada X81D 50 76 96 112 2243 0 0 0 Finland V121 22 56 45 61 814 0 0 0 NOTE: Norway The Norwegian variable, SP320, was constructed using SP064D REF 611. Canada The Canadian variable, X81D, excludes all self-employed respondents. X81D was constructed using Q81D REF 885. Finland The Finnish variable, V121, was constructed using question D2d in Finnish Questionnaire I. I-D2d text: "How about policy decisions which significantly change the basic methods or procedures of work (used in a major part or the whole of your work place)?" 126 V122 Reference: 122 DECISION BUDGET File I.D.: 02 Location: 298 Width: 2 Country: 1,2,4 Implicit Decimal Places: 0 Universe: FOR COUNTRY EQ 1,2,4 - IF REF 113 EQ 1 How about decisions concerning the budget at the place where you work? 1 Yes 5 No 6 Not an issue -1 Skipped -2 Don't know -3 Skipped - should have been answered -5 Refused 1 5 6 -1 -2 -3 -5 ---------------------------------------------------- U.S. D2e 194 285 7 1273 0 1 0 Sweden DELBUD 132 117 0 865 0 31 0 Canada Q81EX 219 13 312 2033 0 0 0 NOTE: Sweden The Swedish survey did not provide code 6 (not an issue) as a possible response. Canada The Canadian variable, Q81EX, excludes all self-employed respondents. Q81EX was constructed using Q81E REF 886. 127 V123 Reference: 123 DECISION SIZE BUDGET1 File I.D.: 02 Location: 300 Width: 2 Country: 1,2,3,4,5 Implicit Decimal Places: 0 Universe: FOR COUNTRY EQ 1,2,4 - IF REF 122 EQ 1 FOR COUNTRY EQ 3 - IF REF 113 EQ 1,-3 FOR COUNTRY EQ 5 - IF REF 113 EQ 1 Do you participate in deciding the overall size of the budget? 1 Yes 5 No 6 Not an issue -1 Skipped -2 Don't know -3 Skipped - should have been answered -5 Refused 1 5 6 -1 -2 -3 -5 ---------------------------------------------------- U.S. D2f 100 93 1 1566 0 0 0 Sweden DELSTO 80 24 0 1013 0 28 0 Norway SP321 230 207 0 2074 0 21 0 Canada Q81FX 128 83 4 2358 0 4 0 Finland V123 125 96 0 777 0 0 0 NOTE: Sweden, Norway and Finland The Swedish, Norwegian and Finnish surveys did not provide code 6 (not an issue) as a possible response. Norway The Norwegian variable, SP321, was constructed using SP064E REF 612. Canada The Canadian variable, Q81FX, excludes all self-employed respondents. Q81FX was constructed using Q81F REF 887. Finland The Finnish variable, V123, was constructed using D2e in Finnish Questionnaire I. I-D2e text: "How about the decisions concerning the budget at the place where you work (the overall size of the budget or its single items)?" 128 V124 Reference: 124 DECISION SIZE BUDGET2 File I.D.: 02 Location: 302 Width: 2 Country: 1,2,3,4,5 Implicit Decimal Places: 0 Universe: FOR COUNTRY EQ 1,2,4,5 - IF REF 123 EQ 1 FOR COUNTRY EQ 3 - IF REF 123 EQ 1,-3 How do you usually participate in this decision (size of budget)? Do you make the decision on your own authority; do you participate as a voting member of a group which makes the decision; do you make the decision subject to approval; or do you provide advice to the person who actually makes the decision? 1 Make decision yourself 2 Make decision as a voting member of a group 3 Make decision subject to approval 4 Provide advice -1 Skipped -2 Don't know -3 Skipped - should have been answered -5 Refused 1 2 3 4 -1 -2 -3 -5 ---------------------------------------------------- U.S. D3f 16 21 29 34 1660 0 0 0 Sweden DELST 7 24 14 35 1065 0 0 0 Norway SP322 9 83 35 103 2281 0 21 0 Canada X81F 16 36 42 34 2449 0 0 0 Finland V124 5 34 51 35 873 0 0 0 NOTE: Norway The Norwegian variable, SP322, was constructed using SP064E REF 612. Canada The Canadian variable, X81F, excludes all self-employed respondents. X81F was constructed using Q81F REF 887. Finland The Finnish variable, V124, was constructed using question D2e in Finnish Questionnaire I. See REF 123 for question text. 129 V125 Reference: 125 DECISION DISTRIB FUNDS1 File I.D.: 02 Location: 304 Width: 2 Country: 1,2,3,4,5 Implicit Decimal Places: 0 Universe: FOR COUNTRY EQ 1,2,4 - IF REF 122 EQ 1 FOR COUNTRY EQ 3 - IF REF 113 EQ 1,-3 FOR COUNTRY EQ 5 - IF REF 113 EQ 1 Do you participate in general policy decisions about the distribution of funds within the overall budget of the place where you work? 1 Yes 5 No 6 Not an issue -1 Skipped -2 Don't know -3 Skipped - should have been answered -5 Refused 1 5 6 -1 -2 -3 -5 ---------------------------------------------------- U.S. D2g 109 83 2 1566 0 0 0 Sweden DELBUF 117 12 0 1013 0 3 0 Norway SP323 253 183 0 2074 0 22 0 Canada Q81GX 155 59 2 2358 0 3 0 Finland V125 148 72 0 777 0 1 0 NOTE: Sweden, Norway and Finland The Swedish, Norwegian and Finnish surveys did not provide code 6 (not an issue) as a possible response. Norway The Norwegian variable, SP323, was constructed using SP064F REF 613. Canada The Canadian variable, Q81GX, excludes all self-employed respondents. Q81GX was constructed using Q81G REF 888. Finland The Finnish variable, V125, was constructed using question D2f in Finnish Questionnaire I. I-D2F text: "Do you participate in decisions about the investments or the distribution of funds within the overall budget of the place where you work?" 130 V126 Reference: 126 DECISION DISTRIB FUNDS2 File I.D.: 02 Location: 306 Width: 2 Country: 1,2,3,4,5 Implicit Decimal Places: 0 Universe: FOR COUNTRY EQ 1,2,4,5 - IF REF 125 EQ 1 FOR COUNTRY EQ 3 - IF REF 125 EQ 1,-3 How do you usually participate in this decision (distribution of funds)? Do you make the decision on your own authority; do you participate as a voting member of a group which makes the decision; do you make the decision subject to approval; or do you provide advice to the person who actually makes the decision? 1 Make decision yourself 2 Make decision as a voting member of group 3 Make decision subject to approval 4 Provide advice -1 Skipped -2 Don't know -3 Skipped - should have been answered -5 Refused 1 2 3 4 -1 -2 -3 -5 ---------------------------------------------------- U.S. D3g 14 20 24 51 1651 0 0 0 Sweden DELBF 11 42 22 42 1028 0 0 0 Norway SP324 23 90 35 105 2257 0 22 0 Canada X81G 18 40 45 52 2422 0 0 0 Finland V126 21 41 39 47 850 0 0 0 NOTE: Norway The Norwegian variable, SP324, was constructed using SP064F REF 613. Canada The Canadian variable, X81G, excludes all self-employed respondents. X81G was constructed using Q81G REF 888. Finland The Finnish variable, V126, was constructed using question D2f in Finnish Questionnaire I. See REF 124 for question text. 131 V127 Reference: 127 OTHER DECISION File I.D.: 02 Location: 308 Width: 2 Country: 1,2,3,5 Implicit Decimal Places: 0 Universe: FOR COUNTRY EQ 1,2,5 - IF REF 113 EQ 1 FOR COUNTRY EQ 3 - IF REF 113 EQ 1,-3 Is there any other kind of decision which you feel is important for the workplace as a whole in which you participate? 1 Yes 5 No -1 Skipped -2 Don't know -3 Skipped - should have been answered -5 Refused 1 5 -1 -2 -3 -5 ---------------------------------------------------- U.S. D2h 102 375 1273 0 10 0 Sweden DELATN 132 68 865 0 80 0 Norway SP325 202 202 2074 0 54 0 Finland V127 64 142 777 0 15 0 NOTE: Norway The Norwegian variable, SP325, was constructed using SP064H REF 615. Finland The Finnish variable, V127, was constructed using question D2h in Finnish Questionnaire I. I-D2h text: "Is there any other kind of decision concerning important functions at the work place as a whole in which you participate?" 132 V128 Reference: 128 TYPE OTHER DECISION File I.D.: 02 Location: 310 Width: 2 Country: 1,2 Implicit Decimal Places: 0 Universe: FOR COUNTRY EQ 1,2 - IF REF 127 EQ 1 What kind of decision is that? 1 Day-to-day operations/minor production decisions 2 Employee relations 3 Individual hiring 4 Improvement of service/public relations 5 Working conditions 6 Financial decisions 7 Marketing strategy 8 All decisions (Sweden only) 9 Future planning (Sweden only) 95 Redundant 96 Inappropriate or uncodable -1 Skipped -2 Don't know -3 Skipped - should have been answered -5 Refused 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 ---------------------------------------------------- U.S. D2j 9 7 5 2 10 2 5 Sweden DELVAD 15 8 0 27 14 0 3 8 9 95 96 -1 -2 -3 -5 ---------------------------------------------------- U.S. D2j 0 0 32 29 1658 0 1 0 Sweden DELVAD 15 8 0 0 1013 0 42 0 NOTE: Sweden Only the Swedish survey provided code 8 (all decisions) and code 9 (future planning) as possible response options. 133 V129 Reference: 129 HOW MAKE OTHER DECISION File I.D.: 02 Location: 312 Width: 2 Country: 1,2,3,5 Implicit Decimal Places: 0 Universe: FOR COUNTRY EQ 1,2,5 - IF REF 127 EQ 1 FOR COUNTRY EQ 3 - IF REF 127 EQ 1,-3 How do you usually participate in this decision (other decision?) Do you make the decision on your own authority; do you participate as a voting member of a group which makes the decision; do you make the decision subject to approval; or do you provide advice to the person who actually makes the decision? 1 Make decision yourself 2 Make decision as a voting member of group 3 Make decision subject to approval 4 Provide advice -1 Skipped -2 Don't know -3 Skipped - should have been answered -5 Refused 1 2 3 4 -1 -2 -3 -5 ---------------------------------------------------- U.S. D3h 25 10 20 30 1658 0 17 0 Sweden DELAT 10 40 11 67 1013 0 4 0 Norway SP326 18 95 19 70 2276 0 54 0 Finland V129 10 18 14 11 934 0 11 0 Note: Norway The Norwegian variable, SP326, was constructed using SP064H REF 615. Finland The Finnish variable, V129, was constructed using question D2hb in Finnish Questionnaire I. I-D2hb text: "How do you participate in decision?- making?" 134 V130 Reference: 130 POSITION File I.D.: 02 Location: 314 Width: 2 Country: 1,2,3,4,5 Implicit Decimal Places: 0 Universe: FOR COUNTRY EQ 1 - IF REF 85 EQ 2 FOR COUNTRY EQ 2,4,5 - IF REF 14 EQ 1 FOR COUNTRY EQ 3 - IF REF 616 NE -1 Which of the following best describes the position which you hold within your business or organization? Would it be a managerial position, a supervisory position, or a nonmanagement position? If it is a managerial position, would that be a top, upper, middle, or lower managerial position? 1 Top manager 2 Upper manager 3 Middle manager 4 Lower manager 5 Supervisory 6 Nonmanagement -1 Skipped -2 Don't know -3 Skipped - should have been answered -5 Refused 1 2 3 4 5 6 ---------------------------------------------------- U.S. D4a 50 50 79 45 256 991 Sweden POSARB 17 14 42 37 150 721 Norway SP066 47 54 48 5 249 1088 Canada XD4A 42 54 67 39 296 1527 Finland V130 0 40 53 4 60 630 -1 -2 -3 -5 ---------------------------------------------------- U.S. D4a 266 5 18 0 Sweden POSARB 110 2 52 0 Norway SP066 1014 0 27 0 Canada XD4A 552 0 0 0 Finland V130 208 0 3 0 (continued on next page) 135 (Variable 130 continued) NOTE: Norway The Norwegian variable, SP066, was recoded using SP066 REF 130 and SP065 REF 616. Canada The Canadian variable, XD4A, was constructed using Q83A REF 1035 and Q83B REF 1036. Finland The Finnish variable, V130, was constructed using question D6 and D6a in Finnish Questionnaire I. I-D6,D6a text: "Which of the following best describes the position which you hold within your work place? 1 manager 2 expert 3 supervisor 4 worker 5 other, what? If you are a manager or an expert, are you: 1 top manager 2 upper manager 3 manager of a working unit 4 lower manager or supervisor 5 expert outside line organization 6 other manager, what?" 136 V131 Reference: 131 CORP BENEFIT OWNERS File I.D.: 02 Location: 316 Width: 2 Country: 1,2,3,4 Implicit Decimal Places: 0 Universe: FOR COUNTRY EQ 1,2,3,4 - ALL We would now like to ask you a few questions about possible changes in the way the economy and businesses are run. For each of the following statements, please tell me if you strongly agree, somewhat agree, somewhat disagree, or strongly disagree with it. Here is the first statement: Corporations benefit owners at the expense of workers and consumers. 1 Strongly agree 2 Somewhat agree 4 Somewhat disagree 5 Strongly disagree -1 Skipped -2 Don't know -3 Skipped - should have been answered -5 Refused 1 2 4 5 -1 -2 -3 -5 ---------------------------------------------------- U.S. E1a 315 649 417 270 0 40 69 0 Sweden PROFIT 287 420 156 182 0 8 92 0 Norway SP098H 423 862 566 543 0 0 138 0 Canada Q137A 630 1060 509 310 0 57 6 5 137 V132 Reference: 132 EXPERTS NECESSARY File I.D.: 02 Location: 318 Width: 2 Country: 1,2,3,4 Implicit Decimal Places: 0 Universe: FOR COUNTRY EQ 1,2,3,4 - ALL In any industrial society it will always be necessary to have a division between those experts who make decisions and people who carry out these decisions. 1 Strongly agree 2 Somewhat agree 4 Somewhat disagree 5 Strongly disagree -1 Skipped -2 Don't know -3 Skipped - should have been answered -5 Refused 1 2 4 5 -1 -2 -3 -5 ---------------------------------------------------- U.S. E1b 660 669 211 143 0 24 53 0 Sweden EXPERT 364 439 121 148 0 5 68 0 Norway SP098A 1364 791 194 104 0 0 79 0 Canada Q137B 818 1131 398 187 0 37 2 4 138 V133 Reference: 133 PROHIBIT HIRING SCABS File I.D.: 02 Location: 320 Width: 2 Country: 1,2,3,4 Implicit Decimal Places: 0 Universe: FOR COUNTRY EQ 1,2,3,4 - ALL During a strike, management should be prohibited by law from hiring workers to take the place of strikers. 1 Strongly agree 2 Somewhat agree 4 Somewhat disagree 5 Strongly disagree -1 Skipped -2 Don't know -3 Skipped - should have been answered -5 Refused 1 2 4 5 -1 -2 -3 -5 ---------------------------------------------------- U.S. E1c 537 262 354 503 0 29 75 0 Sweden STREJK 705 175 100 98 0 3 64 0 Norway SP098B 780 503 413 723 0 0 113 0 Canada Q137C 993 499 479 544 0 48 7 7 139 V134 Reference: 134 PROFIT MOTIVE UNNECESS File I.D.: 02 Location: 322 Width: 2 Country: 1,2,3,4 Implicit Decimal Places: 0 Universe: FOR COUNTRY EQ 1,2,3,4 - ALL It is possible for a modern society to run effectively without the profit motive. 1 Strongly agree 2 Somewhat agree 4 Somewhat disagree 5 Strongly disagree -1 Skipped -2 Don't know -3 Skipped - should have been answered -5 Refused 1 2 4 5 -1 -2 -3 -5 ---------------------------------------------------- U.S. E1d 168 286 463 743 0 30 70 0 Sweden EFFEKT 200 294 196 370 0 11 74 0 Norway SP098C 798 891 438 305 0 0 100 0 Canada Q137D 263 596 762 895 0 51 5 5 140 V135 Reference: 135 NONMGRS CAN RUN EFFECT File I.D.: 02 Location: 324 Width: 2 Country: 1,2,3,4 Implicit Decimal Places: 0 Universe: FOR COUNTRY EQ 1 - IF REF 9 NE 5 FOR COUNTRY EQ 2,3,4 - ALL If given the chance, the nonmanagement employees at the place where you work could run things effectively without bosses. 1 Strongly agree 2 Somewhat agree 4 Somewhat disagree 5 Strongly disagree -1 Skipped -2 Don't know -3 Skipped - should have been answered -5 Refused 1 2 4 5 -1 -2 -3 -5 ---------------------------------------------------- U.S. E1e 332 403 320 605 32 4 64 0 Sweden EJCHEF 207 326 164 369 0 6 73 0 Norway SP098D 577 436 349 909 0 0 261 0 Canada Q137E 365 616 673 834 0 35 49 5 141 V136 Reference: 136 PREVENT STRIKEBREAKERS File I.D.: 02 Location: 326 Width: 2 Country: 1,3,4 Implicit Decimal Places: 0 Universe: FOR COUNTRY EQ 1,3,4 - ALL Striking workers are generally justified in physically preventing strikebreakers from entering the place of work. 1 Strongly agree 2 Somewhat agree 4 Somewhat disagree 5 Strongly disagree -1 Skipped -2 Don't know -3 Skipped - should have been answered -5 Refused 1 2 4 5 -1 -2 -3 -5 ---------------------------------------------------- U.S. E1f 212 274 360 794 0 41 79 0 Norway SP098E 1260 648 275 250 0 0 99 0 Canada Q137F 228 432 601 1271 0 32 8 5 142 V137 Reference: 137 BIG CORP TOO MUCH POWER File I.D.: 02 Location: 328 Width: 2 Country: 1,2,3,4 Implicit Decimal Places: 0 Universe: FOR COUNTRY EQ 1,2,3,4 - ALL Big corporations have far too much power in American (Swedish, Norwegian, Canadian) society today. 1 Strongly agree 2 Somewhat agree 4 Somewhat disagree 5 Strongly disagree -1 Skipped -2 Don't know -3 Skipped - should have been answered -5 Refused 1 2 4 5 -1 -2 -3 -5 ---------------------------------------------------- U.S. E1g 909 457 204 118 0 15 57 0 Sweden STORFO 504 342 111 113 0 4 71 0 Norway SP098F 860 812 416 347 0 0 97 0 Canada Q137G 1166 914 324 116 0 46 6 5 143 REF. NOS. 138-173. See Appendix I for more information about these variables. V138 Reference: 138 POVERTY REASON1-1 File I.D.: 02 Location: 330 Width: 2 Country: 1 Implicit Decimal Places: 0 Universe: FOR COUNTRY EQ 1 - ALL These next questions are about various social problems in America. For each of these problems we would like to know what you think are some major reasons for the problem and what you think is the most important thing that should be done about it. The first problem is poverty. What would you say are some major reasons for poverty in the United States? (first mention) 1-97 2-digit Causes of Poverty Code -1 Skipped -2 Don't know -3 Skipped - should have been answered -5 Refused 1-97 -1 -2 -3 -5 ---------------------------------------------------- U.S. E4a1 1574 0 103 83 0 Note: U.S. See Supplementary Code 4 for Causes of Poverty Code. 144 V139 Reference: 139 POVERTY REASON1-2 File I.D.: 02 Location: 332 Width: 2 Country: 1 Implicit Decimal Places: 0 Universe: FOR COUNTRY EQ 1 - ALL What would you say are some major reasons for poverty in the U.S.? (second mention, if any) 1-97 2-digit Causes of Poverty Code -1 Skipped -2 Don't know -3 Skipped - should have been answered -5 Refused 1-97 -1 -2 -3 -5 ---------------------------------------------------- U.S. E4a2 1022 738 0 0 0 Note: U.S. See Supplementary Code 4 for Causes of Poverty Code. 145 V140 Reference: 140 POVERTY REASON1-3 File I.D.: 02 Location: 334 Width: 2 Country: 1 Implicit Decimal Places: 0 Universe: FOR COUNTRY EQ 1 - ALL What would you say are some major reasons for poverty in the U.S.? (third mention, if any) 1-97 2-digit Causes of Poverty Code -1 Skipped -2 Don't know -3 Skipped - should have been answered -5 Refused 1-97 -1 -2 -3 -5 ---------------------------------------------------- U.S. E4a3 377 1383 0 0 0 Note: U.S. See Supplementary Code 4 for Causes of Poverty Code. 146 V141 Reference: 141 POVERTY REASON1-4 File I.D.: 02 Location: 336 Width: 2 Country: 1 Implicit Decimal Places: 0 Universe: FOR COUNTRY EQ 1 - ALL What would you say are some major reasons for poverty in the U.S.? (fourth mention, if any) 1-97 2-digit Causes of Poverty Code -1 Skipped -2 Don't know -3 Skipped - should have been answered -5 Refused 1-97 -1 -2 -3 -5 ---------------------------------------------------- U.S. E4a4 91 1669 0 0 0 Note: U.S. See Supplementary Code 4 for Causes of Poverty Code. ******************************************************************** V142 Reference: 142 POVERTY REASON1-5 File I.D.: 02 Location: 338 Width: 2 Country: 1 Implicit Decimal Places: 0 Universe: FOR COUNTRY EQ 1 - ALL What would you say are some major reasons for poverty in the U.S.? (fifth mention, if any) 1-97 2-digit Causes of Poverty Code -1 Skipped -2 Don't know -3 Skipped - should have been answered -5 Refused 1-97 -1 -2 -3 -5 ---------------------------------------------------- U.S. E4a5 21 1739 0 0 0 Note: U.S. See Supplementary Code 4 for Causes of Poverty Code. 147 V143 Reference: 143 POVERTY REASNS-SUM File I.D.: 02 Location: 340 Width: 2 Country: 1 Implicit Decimal Places: 0 Universe: FOR COUNTRY EQ 1 - ALL Summary Poverty--Causes. 1 Respondent's initial response was don't know (or refused), and interviewer probed for response 2 Responses (except 1) in which interviewer probed for additional mentions 0 Other (unprobed) responses. -1 Skipped -2 Don't know -3 Skipped - should have been answered -5 Refused 1 2 0 -1 -2 -3 -5 ---------------------------------------------------- U.S. SumE4a 170 711 879 0 0 0 0 ******************************************************************** V144 Reference: 144 POVERTY SOLUTION1 File I.D.: 02 Location: 342 Width: 2 Country: 1 Implicit Decimal Places: 0 Universe: FOR COUNTRY EQ 1 - ALL What do you think should be done about poverty? (first mention) 1-97 2-digit Solutions to Poverty Code -1 Skipped -2 Don't know -3 Skipped - should have been answered -5 Refused 1-97 -1 -2 -3 -5 ---------------------------------------------------- U.S. E5a1 1467 0 159 134 0 Note: U.S. See Supplementary Code 5 for Solutions to Poverty Code. 148 V145 Reference: 145 POVERTY SOLUTION2 File I.D.: 02 Location: 344 Width: 2 Country: 1 Implicit Decimal Places: 0 Universe: FOR COUNTRY EQ 1 - ALL (Poverty) What do you think should be done about it? (second mention, if any) 1-97 2-digit Solutions to Poverty Code -1 Skipped -2 Don't know -3 Skipped - should have been answered -5 Refused 1-97 -1 -2 -3 -5 ---------------------------------------------------- U.S. E5a2 598 1162 0 0 0 Note: U.S. See Supplementary Code 5 for Solutions to Poverty Code. ******************************************************************** V146 Reference: 146 POVERTY SOLUTION3 File I.D.: 02 Location: 346 Width: 2 Country: 1 Implicit Decimal Places: 0 Universe: FOR COUNTRY EQ 1 - ALL (Poverty) What do you think should be done about it? (third mention, if any) 1-97 2-digit Solutions to Poverty Code -1 Skipped -2 Don't know -3 Skipped - should have been answered -5 Refused 1-97 -1 -2 -3 -5 ---------------------------------------------------- U.S. E5a3 145 1615 0 0 0 Note: U.S. See Supplementary Code 5 for Solutions to Poverty Code. 149 V147 Reference: 147 POVERTY SOLUTION4 File I.D.: 02 Location: 348 Width: 2 Country: 1 Implicit Decimal Places: 0 Universe: FOR COUNTRY EQ 1 - ALL (Poverty) What do you think should be done about it? (fourth mention, if any) 1-97 2-digit Solutions to Poverty Code -1 Skipped -2 Don't know -3 Skipped - should have been answered -5 Refused 1-97 -1 -2 -3 -5 ---------------------------------------------------- U.S. E5a4 27 1733 0 0 0 Note: U.S. See Supplementary Code 5 for Solutions to Poverty Code. ******************************************************************** V148 Reference: 148 POVERTY SOLUTION5 File I.D.: 02 Location: 350 Width: 2 Country: 1 Implicit Decimal Places: 0 Universe: FOR COUNTRY EQ 1 - ALL (Poverty) What do you think should be done about it? (fifth mention, if any) 1-97 2-digit Solutions to Poverty Code -1 Skipped -2 Don't know -3 Skipped - should have been answered -5 Refused 1-97 -1 -2 -3 -5 ---------------------------------------------------- U.S. E5a5 6 1754 0 0 0 Note: U.S. See Supplementary Code 5 for Solutions to Poverty Code. 150 V149 Reference: 149 POVERTY SOLUTIONS-SUMM File I.D.: 02 Location: 352 Width: 2 Country: 1 Implicit Decimal Places: 0 Universe: FOR COUNTRY EQ 1 - ALL Summary Poverty--Solutions. 1 Respondent's initial answer was don't know (or refused), and interviewer probed for response 2 Responses (except 1) in which Interviewer probed for additional mentions 0 Other (unprobed) responses -1 Skipped -2 Don't know -3 Skipped - should have been answered -5 Refused 1 2 0 -1 -2 -3 -5 ---------------------------------------------------- U.S. SumE5a 182 345 1233 0 0 0 0 ******************************************************************** V150 Reference: 150 ENERGY CRISIS REASON1 File I.D.: 02 Location: 354 Width: 2 Country: 1,2 Implicit Decimal Places: 0 Universe: FOR COUNTRY EQ 1,2 - ALL What would you say are some major reasons for energy crisis in the U.S. (Sweden)? (first mention) 1-97 2-digit Causes of Energy Crisis Code -1 Skipped -2 Don't know -3 Skipped - should have been answered -5 Refused 1-97 -1 -2 -3 -5 ---------------------------------------------------- U.S. E4b1 1586 0 82 92 0 Sweden ENERO 846 0 104 195 0 Note: U.S. and Sweden See Supplementary Code 6 for Causes of Energy Crisis Code. 151 V151 Reference: 151 ENERGY CRISIS REASON2 File I.D.: 02 Location: 356 Width: 2 Country: 1 Implicit Decimal Places: 0 Universe: FOR COUNTRY EQ 1 - ALL What would you say are some major reasons for energy crisis in the U.S.? (second mention, if any) 1-97 2-digit Causes of Energy Crisis Code -1 Skipped -2 Don't know -3 Skipped - should have been answered -5 Refused 1-97 -1 -2 -3 -5 ---------------------------------------------------- U.S. E4b2 993 767 0 0 0 Note: U.S. See Supplementary Code 6 for Causes of Energy Crisis Code. ******************************************************************** V152 Reference: 152 ENERGY CRISIS REASON3 File I.D.: 02 Location: 358 Width: 2 Country: 1 Implicit Decimal Places: 0 Universe: FOR COUNTRY EQ 1 - ALL What would you say are some major reasons for energy crisis in the U.S.? (third mention, if any) 1-97 2-digit Causes of Energy Crisis Code -1 Skipped -2 Don't know -3 Skipped - should have been answered -5 Refused 1-97 -1 -2 -3 -5 ---------------------------------------------------- U.S. E4b3 312 1448 0 0 0 Note: U.S. See Supplementary Code 6 for Causes of Energy Crisis Code. 152 V153 Reference: 153 ENERGY CRISIS REASON4 File I.D.: 02 Location: 360 Width: 2 Country: 1 Implicit Decimal Places: 0 Universe: FOR COUNTRY EQ 1 - ALL What would you say are some major reasons for energy crisis in the U.S.? (fourth mention, if any) 1-97 2-digit Causes of Energy Crisis Code -1 Skipped -2 Don't know -3 Skipped - should have been answered -5 Refused 1-97 -1 -2 -3 -5 ---------------------------------------------------- U.S. E4b4 67 1693 0 0 0 Note: U.S. See Supplementary Code 6 for Causes of Energy Crisis Code. ******************************************************************** V154 Reference: 154 ENERGY CRISIS REASON5 File I.D.: 02 Location: 362 Width: 2 Country: 1 Implicit Decimal Places: 0 Universe: FOR COUNTRY EQ 1 - ALL What would you say are some major reasons for energy crisis in the U.S.? (fifth mention, if any) 1-97 2-digit Causes of Energy Crisis Code -1 Skipped -2 Don't know -3 Skipped - should have been answered -5 Refused 1-97 -1 -2 -3 -5 ---------------------------------------------------- U.S. E4b5 13 1747 0 0 0 Note: U.S. See Supplementary Code 6 for Causes of Energy Crisis Code. 153 V155 Reference: 155 ENERGY CRISIS REAS-SUM File I.D.: 02 Location: 364 Width: 2 Country: 1 Implicit Decimal Places: 0 Universe: FOR COUNTRY EQ 1 - ALL Summary Energy Crisis--Causes 1 Respondent's initial answer was don't know (or refused), and interviewer probed for response 2 Responses (except 1) in which interviewer probed for additional mentions 0 Other (unprobed) responses -1 Skipped -2 Don't know -3 Skipped - should have been answered -5 Refused 1 2 0 -1 -2 -3 -5 ---------------------------------------------------- U.S. SumE4b 94 493 1173 0 0 0 0 ******************************************************************** V156 Reference: 156 ENERGY CRISIS SOLUTION1 File I.D.: 02 Location: 366 Width: 2 Country: 1,2 Implicit Decimal Places: 0 Universe: FOR COUNTRY EQ 1,2 - ALL (Energy Crisis) What do you think should be done about the energy crisis? (first mention) 1-97 2-digit Solutions to Energy Crisis Code -1 Skipped -2 Don't know -3 Skipped - should have been answered -5 Refused 1-97 -1 -2 -3 -5 ---------------------------------------------------- U.S. E5b1 1458 0 172 130 0 Sweden ENERL 818 0 120 207 0 Note: U.S. and Sweden See Supplementary Code 7 for Solutions to Energy Crisis Code. 154 V157 Reference: 157 ENERGY CRISIS SOLUTION2 File I.D.: 02 Location: 368 Width: 2 Country: 1 Implicit Decimal Places: 0 Universe: FOR COUNTRY EQ 1 - ALL (Energy Crisis) What do you think should be done about it? (second mention, if any) 1-97 2-digit Solutions to Energy Crisis Code -1 Skipped -2 Don't know -3 Skipped - should have been answered -5 Refused 1-97 -1 -2 -3 -5 ---------------------------------------------------- U.S. E5b2 679 1081 0 0 0 Note: U.S. See Supplementary Code 7 for Solutions to Energy Crisis Code. ******************************************************************** V158 Reference: 158 ENERGY CRISIS SOLUTION3 File I.D.: 02 Location: 370 Width: 2 Country: 1 Implicit Decimal Places: 0 Universe: FOR COUNTRY EQ 1 - ALL (Energy Crisis) What do you think should be done about it? (third mention, if any) 1-97 2-digit Solutions to Energy Crisis Code -1 Skipped -2 Don't know -3 Skipped - should have been answered -5 Refused 1-97 -1 -2 -3 -5 ---------------------------------------------------- U.S. E5b3 213 1547 0 0 0 Note: U.S. See Supplementary Code 7 for Solutions to Energy Crisis Code. 155 V159 Reference: 159 ENERGY CRISIS SOLUTION4 File I.D.: 02 Location: 372 Width: 2 Country: 1 Implicit Decimal Places: 0 Universe: FOR COUNTRY EQ 1 - ALL (Energy Crisis) What do you think should be done about it? (fourth mention, if any) 1-97 2-digit Solutions to Energy Crisis Code -1 Skipped -2 Don't know -3 Skipped - should have been answered -5 Refused 1-97 -1 -2 -3 -5 ---------------------------------------------------- U.S. E5b4 54 1706 0 0 0 Note: U.S. See Supplementary Code 7 for Solutions to Energy Crisis Code. ******************************************************************** V160 Reference: 160 ENERGY CRISIS SOLUTION5 File I.D.: 02 Location: 374 Width: 2 Country: 1 Implicit Decimal Places: 0 Universe: FOR COUNTRY EQ 1 - ALL (Energy Crisis) What do you think should be done about it? (fifth mention, if any) 1-97 2-digit Solutions to Energy Crisis Code -1 Skipped -2 Don't know -3 Skipped - should have been answered -5 Refused 1-97 -1 -2 -3 -5 ---------------------------------------------------- U.S. E5b5 8 1752 0 0 0 Note: U.S. See Supplementary Code 7 for Solutions to Energy Crisis Code. 156 V161 Reference: 161 ENERGY CRISIS SOLUT-SUM File I.D.: 02 Location: 376 Width: 2 Country: 1 Implicit Decimal Places: 0 Universe: FOR COUNTRY EQ 1 - ALL Summary Energy Crisis--Solutions. 1 Respondent's initial response was don't know (or refused), and interviewer probed for response 2 Responses (except 1) in which interviewer probed for additional mentions) 0 Other (unprobed) responses -1 Skipped -2 Don't know -3 Skipped - should have been answered -5 Refused 1 2 0 -1 -2 -3 -5 ---------------------------------------------------- U.S. SumE5b 140 315 1305 0 0 0 0 ******************************************************************** V162 Reference: 162 CRIME REASON1 File I.D.: 02 Location: 378 Width: 2 Country: 1,2 Implicit Decimal Places: 0 Universe: FOR COUNTRY EQ 1,2 - ALL What would you say are some major reasons for crime in the U.S. (Sweden)? (first mention) 1-97 2-digit Causes of Crime Code -1 Skipped -2 Don't know -3 Skipped - should have been answered -5 Refused 1-97 -1 -2 -3 -5 ---------------------------------------------------- U.S. E4c1 1654 0 37 69 0 Sweden BROTTO 966 0 58 121 0 Note: U.S. and Sweden See Supplementary Code 8 for Causes of Crime Code. 157 V163 Reference: 163 CRIME REASON2 File I.D.: 02 Location: 380 Width: 2 Country: 1 Implicit Decimal Places: 0 Universe: FOR COUNTRY EQ 1 - ALL What would you say are some major reasons for crime in the U.S.? (second mention, if any) 1-97 2-digit Causes of Crime Code -1 Skipped -2 Don't know -3 Skipped - should have been answered -5 Refused 1-97 -1 -2 -3 -5 ---------------------------------------------------- U.S. E4c2 1141 619 0 0 0 Note: U.S. See Supplementary Code 8 for Causes of Crime Code. ******************************************************************** V164 Reference: 164 CRIME REASON3 File I.D.: 02 Location: 382 Width: 2 Country: 1 Implicit Decimal Places: 0 Universe: FOR COUNTRY EQ 1 - ALL What would you say are some major reasons for crime in the U.S.? (third mention, if any) 1-97 2-digit Causes of Crime Code -1 Skipped -2 Don't know -3 Skipped - should have been answered -5 Refused 1-97 -1 -2 -3 -5 ---------------------------------------------------- U.S. E4c3 501 1259 0 0 0 Note: U.S. See Supplementary Code 8 for Causes of Crime Code. 158 V165 Reference: 165 CRIME REASON4 File I.D.: 02 Location: 384 Width: 2 Country: 1 Implicit Decimal Places: 0 Universe: FOR COUNTRY EQ 1 - ALL What would you say are some major reasons for crime in the U.S.? (fourth mention, if any) 1-97 2-digit Causes of Crime Code -1 Skipped -2 Don't know -3 Skipped - should have been answered -5 Refused 1-97 -1 -2 -3 -5 ---------------------------------------------------- U.S. E4c4 173 1587 0 0 0 Note: U.S. See Supplementary Code 8 for Causes of Crime Code. ******************************************************************** V166 Reference: 166 CRIME REASON5 File I.D.: 02 Location: 386 Width: 2 Country: 1 Implicit Decimal Places: 0 Universe: FOR COUNTRY EQ 1 - ALL What would you say are some major reasons for crime in the U.S.? (fifth mention, if any) 1-97 2-digit Causes of Crime Code -1 Skipped -2 Don't know -3 Skipped - should have been answered -5 Refused 1-97 -1 -2 -3 -5 ---------------------------------------------------- U.S. E4c5 41 1719 0 0 0 Note: U.S. See Supplementary Code 8 for Causes of Crime Code. 159 V167 Reference: 167 CRIME REASONS-SUMMARY File I.D.: 02 Location: 388 Width: 2 Country: 1 Implicit Decimal Places: 0 Universe: FOR COUNTRY EQ 1 - ALL Summary Crime--Causes 1 Respondent's initial answer was don't know (or refused), and interviewer probed for response 2 Responses (except 1) in which interviewer probed for additional mentions 0 Other (unprobed) responses -1 Skipped -2 Don't know -3 Skipped - should have been answered -5 Refused 1 2 0 -1 -2 -3 -5 ---------------------------------------------------- U.S. SumE4c 61 608 1091 0 0 0 0 ******************************************************************** V168 Reference: 168 CRIME SOLUTION1 File I.D.: 02 Location: 390 Width: 2 Country: 1,2 Implicit Decimal Places: 0 Universe: FOR COUNTRY EQ 1,2 - ALL What do you think should be done about crime? (first mention) 1-97 2-digit Solutions to Crime Code -1 Skipped -2 Don't know -3 Skipped - should have been answered -5 Refused 1-97 -1 -2 -3 -5 ---------------------------------------------------- U.S. E5c1 1571 0 88 101 0 Sweden BROT 880 0 120 145 0 Note: U.S. and Sweden See Supplementary Code 9 for Solutions to Crime Code. 160 V169 Reference: 169 CRIME SOLUTION2 File I.D.: 02 Location: 392 Width: 2 Country: 1 Implicit Decimal Places: 0 Universe: FOR COUNTRY EQ 1 - ALL (Crime) What do you think should be done about it? (second mention, if any) 1-97 2-digit Solutions to Crime Code -1 Skipped -2 Don't know -3 Skipped - should have been answered -5 Refused 1-97 -1 -2 -3 -5 ---------------------------------------------------- U.S. E5c2 684 1076 0 0 0 Note: U.S. See Supplementary Code 9 for Solutions to Crime Code. ******************************************************************** V170 Reference: 170 CRIME SOLUTION3 File I.D.: 02 Location: 394 Width: 2 Country: 1 Implicit Decimal Places: 0 Universe: FOR COUNTRY EQ 1 - ALL (Crime) What do you think should be done about it? (third mention if any) 1-97 2-digit Solutions to Crime Code -1 Skipped -2 Don't know -3 Skipped - should have been answered -5 Refused 1-97 -1 -2 -3 -5 ---------------------------------------------------- U.S. E5c3 185 1575 0 0 0 Note: U.S. See Supplementary Code 9 for Solutions to Crime Code. 161 V171 Reference: 171 CRIME SOLUTION4 File I.D.: 02 Location: 396 Width: 2 Country: 1 Implicit Decimal Places: 0 Universe: FOR COUNTRY EQ 1 - ALL (Crime) What do you think should be done about it? (fourth mention, if any) 1-97 2-digit Solutions to Crime Code -1 Skipped -2 Don't know -3 Skipped - should have been answered -5 Refused 1-97 -1 -2 -3 -5 ---------------------------------------------------- U.S. E5c4 33 1727 0 0 0 Note: U.S. See Supplementary Code 9 for Solutions to Crime Code. ******************************************************************** V172 Reference: 172 CRIME SOLUTION5 File I.D.: 02 Location: 398 Width: 2 Country: 1 Implicit Decimal Places: 0 Universe: FOR COUNTRY EQ 1 - ALL (Crime) What do you think should be done about it? (fifth mention, if any) 1-97 2-digit Solutions to Crime Code -1 Skipped -2 Don't know -3 Skipped - should have been answered -5 Refused 1-97 -1 -2 -3 -5 ---------------------------------------------------- U.S. E5c5 7 1753 0 0 0 Note: U.S. See Supplementary Code 9 for Solutions to Crime Code. 162 V173 Reference: 173 CRIME SOLUTIONS-SUMMARY File I.D.: 02 Location: 400 Width: 2 Country: 1 Implicit Decimal Places: 0 Universe: FOR COUNTRY EQ 1 - ALL Summary Crime--Solutions 1 Respondent's initial answer was don't know (or refused), and interviewer probed for response 2 Response (except 1), in which interviewer probed for additional mentions 0 Other (unprobed) responses -1 Skipped -2 Don't know -3 Skipped - should have been answered -5 Refused 1 2 0 -1 -2 -3 -5 ---------------------------------------------------- U.S. SumE5c 106 405 1249 0 0 0 0 163 V174 Reference: 174 POVERTY-LACK INTELLGNCE File I.D.: 02 Location: 402 Width: 2 Country: 1,4 Implicit Decimal Places: 0 Universe: FOR COUNTRY EQ 1,4 - ALL Now here are some opinions that other people have given about these social issues. For each statement please tell me whether you strongly agree, somewhat agree, somewhat disagree or strongly disagree with this statement. One of the main reasons for poverty is that some people are not intelligent enough to compete in this modern world. 1 Strongly agree 2 Somewhat agree 4 Somewhat disagree 5 Strongly disagree -1 Skipped -2 Don't know -3 Skipped - should have been answered -5 Refused 1 2 4 5 -1 -2 -3 -5 ---------------------------------------------------- U.S. E6a 282 516 345 460 0 3 154 0 Canada Q139A 251 740 734 838 0 9 1 4 164 V175 Reference: 175 POVERTY-LACK ED AND JOBS File I.D.: 02 Location: 404 Width: 2 Country: 1,4 Implicit Decimal Places: 0 Universe: FOR COUNTRY EQ 1,4 - ALL One of the main reasons for poverty is lack of education and job opportunities for the poor. 1 Strongly agree 2 Somewhat agree 4 Somewhat disagree 5 Strongly disagree -1 Skipped -2 Don't know -3 Skipped - should have been answered -5 Refused 1 2 4 5 -1 -2 -3 -5 ---------------------------------------------------- U.S. E6b 791 465 169 171 0 2 162 0 Canada Q139B 867 1063 411 222 0 9 2 3 165 V176 Reference: 176 POVERTY-NOT WANT WORK File I.D.: 02 Location: 406 Width: 2 Country: 1,4 Implicit Decimal Places: 0 Universe: FOR COUNTRY EQ 1,4 - ALL One of the main reasons for poverty is that many poor people simply do not want to work. 1 Strongly agree 2 Somewhat agree 4 Somewhat disagree 5 Strongly disagree -1 Skipped -2 Don't know -3 Skipped - should have been answered -5 Refused 1 2 4 5 -1 -2 -3 -5 ---------------------------------------------------- U.S. E6c 568 492 267 276 0 5 152 0 Canada Q139C 562 923 638 434 0 14 3 3 166 V177 Reference: 177 POVERTY-PROFIT MOTIVE File I.D.: 02 Location: 408 Width: 2 Country: 1,4 Implicit Decimal Places: 0 Universe: FOR COUNTRY EQ 1,4 - ALL One of the main reasons for poverty is that the economy is based on private ownership and profits. 1 Strongly agree 2 Somewhat agree 4 Somewhat disagree 5 Strongly disagree -1 Skipped -2 Don't know -3 Skipped - should have been answered -5 Refused 1 2 4 5 -1 -2 -3 -5 ---------------------------------------------------- U.S. E6d 258 476 369 470 0 22 165 0 Canada Q139D 404 858 695 540 0 72 5 3 167 V178 Reference: 178 POVERTY-INEVITABLE File I.D.: 02 Location: 410 Width: 2 Country: 1,4 Implicit Decimal Places: 0 Universe: FOR COUNTRY EQ 1,4 - ALL One of the main reasons for poverty is that in every society some people have to be on the bottom and some on the top. 1 Strongly agree 2 Somewhat agree 4 Somewhat disagree 5 Strongly disagree -1 Skipped -2 Don't know -3 Skipped - should have been answered -5 Refused 1 2 4 5 -1 -2 -3 -5 ---------------------------------------------------- U.S. E6e 323 540 341 386 0 7 163 0 Canada Q139E 444 1014 625 468 0 19 3 4 168 V179 Reference: 179 CRIME-STIFF PUNISHMENT File I.D.: 02 Location: 412 Width: 2 Country: 1,2,3,4 Implicit Decimal Places: 0 Universe: FOR COUNTRY EQ 1,2,3,4 - ALL In order to reduce crime, the courts should give criminals stiffer punishments. 1 Strongly agree 2 Somewhat agree 4 Somewhat disagree 5 Strongly disagree -1 Skipped -2 Don't know -3 Skipped - should have been answered -5 Refused 1 2 4 5 -1 -2 -3 -5 ---------------------------------------------------- U.S. E6f 955 377 147 113 0 5 163 0 Sweden STRAFF 461 295 163 155 0 2 69 0 Norway SP098J 1291 659 290 257 0 0 35 0 Canada Q139F 1463 643 291 144 0 22 9 5 169 V180 Reference: 180 CRIME-ED AND JOBS File I.D.: 02 Location: 414 Width: 2 Country: 1,2,3,4 Implicit Decimal Places: 0 Universe: FOR COUNTRY EQ 1,2,3,4 - ALL In order to reduce crime, education and job opportunities for the poor need to be increased. 1 Strongly agree 2 Somewhat agree 4 Somewhat disagree 5 Strongly disagree -1 Skipped -2 Don't know -3 Skipped - should have been answered -5 Refused 1 2 4 5 -1 -2 -3 -5 ---------------------------------------------------- U.S. E6g 955 452 109 72 0 5 167 0 Sweden MERJO 675 319 58 31 0 3 59 0 Norway SP098K 1614 678 124 86 0 0 30 0 Canada Q139G 1236 948 258 110 0 14 8 3 Note: Norway The Norwegian question was phrased differently: "In order to reduce crime, education and job opportunities need to be increased, for those who had a difficult childhood." 170 V181 Reference: 181 CRIME-FAMILY DISCIPLINE File I.D.: 02 Location: 416 Width: 2 Country: 1,2,3,4 Implicit Decimal Places: 0 Universe: FOR COUNTRY EQ 1,2,3,4 - ALL If parents disciplined their children more firmly, there would be less crime. 1 Strongly agree 2 Somewhat agree 4 Somewhat disagree 5 Strongly disagree -1 Skipped -2 Don't know -3 Skipped - should have been answered -5 Refused 1 2 4 5 -1 -2 -3 -5 ---------------------------------------------------- U.S. E6h 850 430 212 105 0 4 159 0 Sweden UPPFO 586 379 77 51 0 3 49 0 Norway SP098L 694 775 477 549 0 0 37 0 Canada Q139H 875 812 543 319 0 22 3 3 171 V182 Reference: 182 ENERGY-CONTROL OIL COMP File I.D.: 02 Location: 418 Width: 2 Country: 1,2,3,4 Implicit Decimal Places: 0 Universe: FOR COUNTRY EQ 1,2,3,4 - ALL The energy crisis will not be fully solved until the government controls the major energy companies. 1 Strongly agree 2 Somewhat agree 4 Somewhat disagree 5 Strongly disagree -1 Skipped -2 Don't know -3 Skipped - should have been answered -5 Refused 1 2 4 5 -1 -2 -3 -5 ---------------------------------------------------- U.S. E6j 339 375 310 543 0 24 169 0 Sweden ENERG1 279 341 193 214 0 23 95 0 Norway SP098M 569 809 523 436 0 0 195 0 Canada Q139I 384 552 684 876 0 69 6 6 172 V183 Reference: 183 CHECKPOINT4 File I.D.: 02 Location: 420 Width: 2 Country: 1 Implicit Decimal Places: 0 Universe: FOR COUNTRY EQ 1 - IF REF 7 EQ 2 Interview checkpoint 1 Respondent is unemployed or housewife who worked in past 2 All others (i.e., housewife, never worked) -1 Skipped -2 Don't know -3 Skipped - should have been answered -5 Refused 1 2 -1 -2 -3 -5 ---------------------------------------------------- U.S. F1 231 31 1498 0 0 0 ******************************************************************* V184 Reference: 184 EVER LOOK FOR JOB-HOUSWF File I.D.: 02 Location: 422 Width: 2 Country: 1,4 Implicit Decimal Places: 0 Universe: FOR COUNTRY EQ 1 - IF REF 183 EQ 2 FOR COUNTRY EQ 4 - IF REF 865 EQ 5,-3 Have you ever tried to find a job but were unable to get one? 1 Yes 5 No -1 Skipped -2 Don't know -3 Skipped - should have been answered -5 Refused 1 5 -1 -2 -3 -5 ---------------------------------------------------- U.S. F1a 4 24 1729 0 3 0 Canada Q1C 98 111 2368 0 0 0 173 V185 Reference: 185 WHEN LOOK FOR JOB-HOUSWF File I.D.: 02 Location: 424 Width: 2 Country: 1,4 Implicit Decimal Places: 0 Universe: FOR COUNTRY EQ 1,4 - IF REF 184 EQ 1 When was that? (Date) 1-83 Last 2 digits of year -1 Skipped -2 Don't know -3 Skipped - should have been answered -5 Refused 1-83 -1 -2 -3 -5 ---------------------------------------------------- U.S. F1b 4 1756 0 0 0 Canada Q1DY 98 2479 0 0 0 174 V186 Reference: 186 WHEN FIRST WORK File I.D.: 02 Location: 426 Width: 2 Country: 1,3,4 Implicit Decimal Places: 0 Universe: FOR COUNTRY EQ 1 - IF REF 183 NE 2 FOR COUNTRY EQ 3 - IF REF 237 EQ 1,-3 OR REF 660 EQ 1,-3 FOR COUNTRY EQ 4 - IF REF 7 EQ 1 OR REF 8 EQ 2 OR REF 9 EQ 1 We are interested in jobs you have held in the past. In what year did you first begin working at a job on a regular basis for most of the year? This includes full-time military service. (If respondent asks what is meant by "regular basis": this means that you were working at least 8 hours a week at a paying job for more than six months during the year.) 1-82 Last 2 digits of year 96 Never had a regular job most of the year -1 Skipped -2 Don't know -3 Skipped - should have been answered -5 Refused 1-82 96 -1 -2 -3 -5 ---------------------------------------------------- U.S. F2 1640 8 31 9 72 0 Norway SP102 1924 0 538 0 70 0 Canada Q91 2353 2 209 10 3 0 175 V187 Reference: 187 CHECKPOINT5 File I.D.: 02 Location: 428 Width: 2 Country: 1 Implicit Decimal Places: 0 Universe: FOR COUNTRY EQ 1 - IF REF 186 NE 96 AND NE -1 Interview checkpoint. 1 Respondent is self-employed or an owner-employee, or working without pay on main job 2 All others -1 Skipped -2 Don't know -3 Skipped - should have been answered -5 Refused 1 2 -1 -2 -3 -5 ---------------------------------------------------- U.S. F3 239 1482 39 0 0 0 176 V188 Reference: 188 EVER SELF-EMPLOYED File I.D.: 02 Location: 430 Width: 2 Country: 1,2,3,4,5 Implicit Decimal Places: 0 Universe: FOR COUNTRY EQ 1 - IF REF 187 EQ 2 FOR COUNTRY EQ 2,4,5 - IF REF 14 EQ 1 FOR COUNTRY EQ 3 - IF REF 14 EQ 1,3 AND REF 237 NE 5 At any time since you first began working in (year) have you been self-employed, that is, worked for yourself or owned your own business? 1 Yes 5 No -1 Skipped -2 Don't know -3 Skipped - should have been answered -5 Refused 1 5 -1 -2 -3 -5 ---------------------------------------------------- U.S. F4 222 1201 278 0 59 0 Sweden VAREG 80 921 110 0 34 0 Norway SP105 110 1076 1308 0 38 0 Canada Q92A 264 1763 550 0 0 0 Finland V188 52 737 208 0 1 0 Note: Norway The Norwegian variable, SP105, applies to employees and family members without a fixed salary. Finland The Finnish variable, V188, is question E2 in Finnish questionnaire I. E2 was recoded to match the U.S. coding. The Finnish question was phrased differently: "At any time since (you first began working at a job on a regular basis for most of the year) have you been self-employed that is as owner of your own business/professional practice/farm?" 177 V189 Reference: 189 WHEN SELF-EMPLOYED-FROM1 File I.D.: 02 Location: 432 Width: 2 Country: 1,2,3,4 Implicit Decimal Places: 0 Universe: FOR COUNTRY EQ 1,2,4 - IF REF 188 EQ 1 FOR COUNTRY EQ 3 - IF REF 188 EQ 1,-3 In which years were you self-employed? (Beginning year of most recent self-employment) 1-82 Last 2 digits of beginning year -1 Skipped -2 Don't know -3 Skipped - should have been answered -5 Refused 1-82 -1 -2 -3 -5 ---------------------------------------------------- U.S. F4afr1 219 1538 1 2 0 Sweden NAREG 64 1068 1 12 0 Norway SP106A 104 2384 0 44 0 Canada Q92BFR1 263 2313 1 0 0 Note: Norway The Norwegian variable, SP106A, applies to employees and family members without a fixed salary. 178 V190 Reference: 190 WHEN SELF-EMPLOYED-TO1 File I.D.: 02 Location: 434 Width: 2 Country: 1,2,3,4,5 Implicit Decimal Places: 0 Universe: FOR COUNTRY EQ 1,2,4,5 - IF REF 188 EQ 1 FOR COUNTRY EQ 3 - IF REF 188 EQ 1,-3 In which years were you self-employed? (Ending year of most recent self-employment) 0-83 Last 2 digits of ending year -1 Skipped -2 Don't know -3 Skipped - should have been answered -5 Refused 0-83 -1 -2 -3 -5 ---------------------------------------------------- U.S. F4ato1 216 1538 1 5 0 Sweden NAREG 63 1068 1 13 0 Norway SP106B 99 2384 0 49 0 Canada Q92BTO1 263 2313 1 0 0 Finland V190 44 946 0 8 0 Note: Norway The Norwegian variable, SP106B, applies to employees and family members without a fixed salary. Finland The Finnish variable, V190, is question E2a in Finnish Questionnaire I. 179 V191 Reference: 191 WHEN SELF-EMPLOYED-FROM2 File I.D.: 02 Location: 436 Width: 2 Country: 1,4 Implicit Decimal Places: 0 Universe: FOR COUNTRY EQ 1,4 - IF REF 188 EQ 1 In which years were you self-employed? (Beginning year of second most recent self-employment) 0-80 Last 2 digits of beginning year -1 Skipped -2 Don't know -3 Skipped - should have been answered -5 Refused 0-80 -1 -2 -3 -5 ---------------------------------------------------- U.S. F4afr2 24 1732 1 3 0 Canada Q92BFR2 264 2313 0 0 0 ******************************************************************** V192 Reference: 192 WHEN SELF-EMPLOYED-TO2 File I.D.: 02 Location: 438 Width: 2 Country: 1,4 Implicit Decimal Places: 0 Universe: FOR COUNTRY EQ 1,4 - IF REF 188 EQ 1 In which years were you self-employed? (Ending year of second most recent self-employment) 0-80 Last 2 digits of ending year -1 Skipped -2 Don't know -3 Skipped - should have been answered -5 Refused 0-80 -1 -2 -3 -5 ---------------------------------------------------- U.S. F4ato2 22 1732 1 5 0 Canada Q92BTO2 264 2313 0 0 0 180 V193 Reference: 193 OTHER TIMES SELF-EMPLOYE File I.D.: 02 Location: 440 Width: 2 Country: 1,4 Implicit Decimal Places: 0 Universe: FOR COUNTRY EQ 1,4 - IF REF 188 EQ 1 Were there any other periods when you were self-employed? 1 Yes 5 No -1 Skipped -2 Don't know -3 Skipped - should have been answered -5 Refused 1 5 -1 -2 -3 -5 ---------------------------------------------------- U.S. F4b 16 200 1538 1 5 0 Canada Q92C 6 258 2313 0 0 0 ******************************************************************** V194 Reference: 194 WHEN SELF-EMPLOYED-FROM3 File I.D.: 02 Location: 442 Width: 2 Country: 1,4 Implicit Decimal Places: 0 Universe: FOR COUNTRY EQ 1,4 - IF REF 193 EQ 1 When was that? (Beginning year of other self-employment) 1-80 Last 2 digits of beginning year -1 Skipped -2 Don't know -3 Skipped - should have been answered -5 Refused 1-80 -1 -2 -3 -5 ---------------------------------------------------- U.S. F4cfr1 14 1744 0 2 0 Canada Q92DFR1 5 2571 1 0 0 181 V195 Reference: 195 WHEN SELF-EMPLOYED-TO3 File I.D.: 02 Location: 444 Width: 2 Country: 1,4 Implicit Decimal Places: 0 Universe: FOR COUNTRY EQ 1,4 - IF REF 193 EQ 1 When was that? (Ending year of other self-employment) 1-80 Last 2 digits of ending year -1 Skipped -2 Don't know -3 Skipped - should have been answered -5 Refused 1-80 -1 -2 -3 -5 ---------------------------------------------------- U.S. F4cto1 13 1744 0 3 0 Canada Q92DTO1 5 2571 1 0 0 ******************************************************************** V196 Reference: 196 WHEN SELF-EMPLOYED-FROM4 File I.D.: 02 Location: 446 Width: 2 Country: 1,4 Implicit Decimal Places: 0 Universe: FOR COUNTRY EQ 1,4 - IF REF 193 EQ 1 When was that? (Beginning year of other self-employment - second mention) 0-80 Last 2 digits of beginning year -1 Skipped -2 Don't know -3 Skipped - should have been answered -5 Refused 0-80 -1 -2 -3 -5 ---------------------------------------------------- U.S. F4cfr2 2 1756 0 2 0 Canada Q92DFR2 5 2571 1 0 0 182 V197 Reference: 197 WHEN SELF-EMPLOYED-TO4 File I.D.: 02 Location: 448 Width: 2 Country: 1,4 Implicit Decimal Places: 0 Universe: FOR COUNTRY EQ 1,4 - IF REF 193 EQ 1 When was that? (Ending year of other self-employment - second mention) 1-80 Last 2 digits of ending year -1 Skipped -2 Don't know -3 Skipped - should have been answered -5 Refused 1-80 -1 -2 -3 -5 ---------------------------------------------------- U.S. F4cto2 2 1756 0 2 0 Canada Q92DTO2 0 2576 1 0 0 183 V198 Reference: 198 WANT TO BE SELF-EMPLOYED File I.D.: 02 Location: 450 Width: 2 Country: 1,2,3,4,5 Implicit Decimal Places: 0 Universe: FOR COUNTRY EQ 1 - IF REF 187 EQ 2 FOR COUNTRY EQ 2 - IF REF 188 NE -1 FOR COUNTRY EQ 3 - IF REF 14 EQ 1,-3 AND REF 237 NE 5 FOR COUNTRY EQ 4 - IF REF 14 EQ 1 AND REF 889 NE 3 FOR COUNTRY EQ 5 - IF REF 14 EQ 1 Would you like to be self-employed (again) someday? 1 Yes 5 No -1 Skipped -2 Don't know -3 Skipped - should have been answered -5 Refused 1 5 -1 -2 -3 -5 ---------------------------------------------------- U.S. F5 837 560 278 9 76 0 Sweden IGEG 380 569 128 7 61 0 Norway SP107 288 892 1308 0 44 0 Canada Q93X 1012 991 558 15 0 1 Finland V198 212 526 208 0 52 0 Note: Norway The Norwegian variable, SP107, applies to employees and family members without a fixed salary. Canada The Canadian variable, Q93X, excludes respondents who are still self-employed. Q93X was constructed using Q93 REF 889. Finland The Finnish variable, V198, is question E3(1) in Finnish Questionnaire I. I-E3(1) text: "Would you like to be an entrepreneur (again) someday? 1 Yes 2 No 3 Respondent is entrepreneur" 184 V199 Reference: 199 EVER EMPLOYEE File I.D.: 02 Location: 452 Width: 2 Country: 1,2,3,4,5 Implicit Decimal Places: 0 Universe: FOR COUNTRY EQ 1 - IF REF 187 EQ 1 FOR COUNTRY EQ 2 - IF REF 14 EQ 2 FOR COUNTRY EQ 3 - IF REF 14 EQ 2 AND REF 237 NE 5 FOR COUNTRY EQ 4 - IF REF 14 EQ 2,3 FOR COUNTRY EQ 5 - IF A3 EQ 2,3,5 At any time since you first began working in (year) have you ever been an employee in a company in which you were not an owner? 1 Yes 5 No -1 Skipped -2 Don't know -3 Skipped - should have been answered -5 Refused 1 5 -1 -2 -3 -5 ---------------------------------------------------- U.S. F6 191 31 1521 0 17 0 Sweden VARANS 70 16 1045 0 14 0 Norway SP108 129 14 2379 0 10 0 Canada Q94 248 93 2236 0 0 0 Finland V199 68 19 910 0 1 0 Note: Norway The Norwegian variable, SP108, applies to self-employed respondents. Finland The Finnish variable, V199, is question D2.4 in Finnish Questionnaire III. In the Finnish survey, only self-employed professionals, owners of a profit-making firm and those who work without pay in a family business were asked this question. 185 V200 Reference: 200 SEASONAL UNEMPLOYMENT File I.D.: 02 Location: 454 Width: 2 Country: 1,2,3,4,5 Implicit Decimal Places: 0 Universe: FOR COUNTRY EQ 1 - IF REF 183 NE 2 FOR COUNTRY EQ 2 - ALL FOR COUNTRY EQ 3,4 - IF REF 14 EQ 1,2,3 FOR COUNTRY EQ 5 - IF REF 14 EQ 1 Do you work at your main job throughout the entire year or are there regular or seasonal periods each year when you are without work? 1 Year-round work 2 Periods without work -1 Skipped -2 Don't know -3 Skipped - should have been answered -5 Refused 1 2 -1 -2 -3 -5 ---------------------------------------------------- U.S. F7 1412 240 31 3 74 0 Sweden HELAR 1066 49 0 0 30 0 Norway SP145 1584 80 818 0 50 0 Canada Q95 2020 347 210 0 0 0 Finland V200 746 32 208 0 12 0 Note: Finland The Finnish variable, V200, is question E6a in Finnish Questionnaire I. 186 V201 Reference: 201 EVER UNEMPLOYED File I.D.: 02 Location: 456 Width: 2 Country: 1,2,3,4,5 Implicit Decimal Places: 0 Universe: FOR COUNTRY EQ 1,4 - IF REF 7 EQ 1 FOR COUNTRY EQ 2,5 - ALL FOR COUNTRY EQ 3 - IF REF 560 EQ 1 OR REF 561 EQ 1,-3 OR REF 660 EQ 1,-3 Aside from regular, seasonal unemployment, have you ever been unemployed for a week or longer, that is, out of work but wanting to find work? 1 Yes 5 No -1 Skipped -2 Don't know -3 Skipped - should have been answered -5 Refused 1 5 -1 -2 -3 -5 ---------------------------------------------------- U.S. F8 617 817 262 0 64 0 Sweden ARLOS 251 843 0 0 51 0 Norway SP327 307 1970 201 0 54 0 Canada Q96 722 1061 794 0 0 0 Finland V201 286 703 0 0 9 0 Note: Norway The Norwegian variable, SP327, was constructed using SP146 REF 690. Finland The Finnish variable, V201, is question E4 in Finnish Questionnaire I. E4 was recoded to match the U.S. coding. The Finnish question was phrased differently: Have you ever been unemployed for a week or longer?" 187 V202 Reference: 202 HOW MANY TIMES UNEMPLOYD File I.D.: 02 Location: 458 Width: 2 Country: 1,2,3,4,5 Implicit Decimal Places: 0 Universe: FOR COUNTRY EQ 1,2,4,5 - IF REF 201 EQ 1 FOR COUNTRY EQ 3 - IF REF 201 EQ 1,-3 About how many times have you been unemployed? (If necessary: a rough estimate will be good enough.) 1 Only once 2-99 Actual number of times -1 Skipped -2 Don't know -3 Skipped - should have been answered -5 Refused 1 2-99 -1 -2 -3 -5 ---------------------------------------------------- U.S. F9 266 344 1143 1 6 0 Sweden GRALOS 133 107 894 0 11 0 Norway SP328 174 133 2171 0 54 0 Canada Q97A 301 418 1857 1 0 0 Finland V202 137 133 712 0 16 0 Note: Norway The Norwegian variable, SP328, was constructed using SP146 REF 690. Sweden In the Swedish survey, the highest possible code for this variable is 5, which represents 5 times or more. Finland The Finnish variable, V202, is question E5 in Finnish Questionnaire I. 188 V203 Reference: 203 WHEN UNEMPLOYED-YEAR File I.D.: 02 Location: 460 Width: 2 Country: 1,2,3,5 Implicit Decimal Places: 0 Universe: FOR COUNTRY EQ 1,2,3,5 - IF REF 202 EQ 1 What year were you unemployed? 1-82 Last 2 digits of year -1 Skipped -2 Don't know -3 Skipped - should have been answered -5 Refused 1-82 -1 -2 -3 -5 ---------------------------------------------------- U.S. F9a 260 1494 4 2 0 Sweden NAR 127 1012 0 6 0 Norway SP147B 163 2358 0 11 0 Finland V203 136 861 0 1 0 Note: Norway The Norwegian variable, SP147B, was constructed using SP146 REF 690, SP147 REF 691, SP148 REF 692, and SP149 REF 693. Canada The Canadian equivalents for V203 are REF 784 through REF 787. Finland The Finnish variable, V203, is question E5a in Finnish Questionnaire I. 189 V204 Reference: 204 HOW LONG UNEMPLOYED-MOS File I.D.: 02 Location: 462 Width: 2 Country: 1,2,3,5 Implicit Decimal Places: 0 Universe: FOR COUNTRY EQ 1,2,3,5 - IF REF 202 EQ 1 For how long were you unemployed then? (months) 0 No months 1 One month or less 2-60 Number of months -1 Skipped -2 Don't know -3 Skipped - should have been answered -5 Refused 0 1 2-60 -1 -2 -3 -5 ---------------------------------------------------- U.S. F9bmos 27 110 127 1494 0 2 0 Sweden LAARLOS 2 38 84 1012 0 9 0 Norway SP147C 11 41 87 2358 0 35 0 Finland V204 0 44 90 861 0 3 0 Note: Norway The Norwegian variable, SP147C, was constructed using SP146 REF 690, SP147 REF 691, SP148 REF 692, and SP148 REF 693. SP147C was coded to match the U.S. coding. Canada The Canadian equivalents for V204 are REF 784 through REF 788. Finland The Finnish variable, V204, is question E5b in Finnish Questionnaire I. 190 V205 Reference: 205 HOW LONG UNEMPLOYED-YRS File I.D.: 02 Location: 464 Width: 2 Country: 1,2,3,5 Implicit Decimal Places: 0 Universe: FOR COUNTRY EQ 1,2,3,5 - IF REF 202 EQ 1 For how long were you unemployed then? (years) 0-60 Number of years -1 Skipped -2 Don't know -3 Skipped - should have been answered -5 Refused 0-60 -1 -2 -3 -5 ---------------------------------------------------- U.S. F9byrs 263 1494 0 3 0 Sweden LAARLOS 124 1012 0 9 0 Norway SP147C 139 2358 0 35 0 Finland V205 134 861 0 3 0 Note: Norway The Norwegian variable, SP147C, was constructed using SP146 REF 690, SP147 REF 691, SP148 REF 692, and SP149 REF 693. SP147C was coded to match the U.S. coding. Canada The Canadian equivalent for V205 is REF 789. Finland The Finnish variable, V205, was constructed using question E5b in Finnish Questionnaire I. 191 V206 Reference: 206 LAST TIME UNEMPLOYED-YR File I.D.: 02 Location: 466 Width: 2 Country: 1,2,3,5 Implicit Decimal Places: 0 Universe: FOR COUNTRY EQ 1,2 - IF REF 202 EQ 2-99,-2,-3 FOR COUNTRY EQ 3 - IF REF 202 EQ 2-95 FOR COUNTRY EQ 5 - IF REF 202 NE -1 What year was the last time you were unemployed? 1-82 Last 2 digits of year -1 Skipped -2 Don't know -3 Skipped - should have been answered -5 Refused 1-82 -1 -2 -3 -5 ---------------------------------------------------- U.S. F9c 343 1409 4 4 0 Sweden NAR 102 1027 1 15 0 Norway SP147D 122 2399 0 11 0 Finland V206 147 712 0 139 0 Note: Norway The Norwegian variable, SP147D, was constructed using SP146 REF 690, SP147 REF 691, SP148 REF 692, and SP149 REF 693. Canada The Canadian equivalent for V206 is REF 790 through REF 793. Finland The Finnish variable, V206, is question E5c in Finnish Questionnaire I. 192 V207 Reference: 207 LONGEST TIME UNEMPLY-MOS File I.D.: 02 Location: 468 Width: 2 Country: 1,2,3,5 Implicit Decimal Places: 0 Universe: FOR COUNTRY EQ 1,2 - IF REF 202 EQ 2-99,-2,-3 FOR COUNTRY EQ 3 - IF REF 202 EQ 2-95 FOR COUNTRY EQ 5 - IF REF 202 NE -1 What was the longest stretch in which you were ever unemployed? (months) 0 No months 1 One month or less 2-60 Number of months -1 Skipped -2 Don't know -3 Skipped - should have been answered -5 Refused 0 1 2-60 -1 -2 -3 -5 ---------------------------------------------------- U.S. F9dmos 44 94 211 1409 0 2 0 Sweden LAARLOS 6 17 73 1027 0 22 0 Norway SP147E 15 15 82 2399 0 21 0 Finland V207 0 23 123 712 0 140 0 Note: Norway The Norwegian variable, SP147E, was constructed using SP146 REF 690, SP147 REF 691, SP148 REF 692, and SP149 REF 693. SP147E was coded to match the U.S. coding. Canada The Canadian equivalents for V207 are REF 794 through REF 797. Finland The Finnish variable, V207, is question E5d in Finnish Questionnaire I. 193 V208 Reference: 208 LONGEST TIME UNEMPLY-YRS File I.D.: 02 Location: 470 Width: 2 Country: 1,2,3,5 Implicit Decimal Places: 0 Universe: FOR COUNTRY EQ 1,2 - IF REF 202 EQ 2-99,-2,-3 FOR COUNTRY EQ 3 - IF REF 202 EQ 2-95 FOR COUNTRY EQ 5 - IF REF 202 NE -1 What was the longest stretch in which you were ever unemployed? (years) 0-80 Number of years -1 Skipped -2 Don't know -3 Skipped - should have been answered -5 Refused 0-80 -1 -2 -3 -5 ---------------------------------------------------- U.S. F9dyrs 349 1409 0 2 0 Sweden LAARLOS 96 1027 1 21 0 Norway SP147E 112 2399 0 21 0 Finland V208 146 712 0 140 0 Note: Norway The Norwegian variable, SP147E, was constructed using SP146 REF 690, SP147 REF 691, SP148 REF 692, and SP149 REF 693. SP147E was coded to match the U.S. coding. Canada The Canadian equivalents for V208 are REF 794 through REF 797. Finland The Finnish variable, V208, was constructed using question E5d in Finnish Questionnaire I. 194 V209 Reference: 209 WHEN LONGEST TIM UNEM-YR File I.D.: 02 Location: 472 Width: 2 Country: 1,2,3,5 Implicit Decimal Places: 0 Universe: FOR COUNTRY EQ 1,2 - IF REF 202 EQ 2-99,-2,-3 FOR COUNTRY EQ 3 - IF REF 202 EQ 2-95 FOR COUNTRY EQ 5 - IF REF 202 NE -1 When did that happen? 1-82 Last 2 digits of year -1 Skipped -2 Don't know -3 Skipped - should have been answered -5 Refused 1-82 -1 -2 -3 -5 ---------------------------------------------------- U.S. F9e 340 1409 6 5 0 Sweden NAARLOS 96 1027 3 19 0 Norway SP147F 111 2399 0 22 0 Finland V209 142 712 0 144 0 Note: Norway The Norwegian variable, SP147F, was constructed using SP146 REF 690, SP147 REF 691, SP148 REF 692, and SP149 REF 693. Canada The Canadian equivalents for V209 are REF 794 through REF 797. Finland The Finnish variable, V209, is question E5e in Finnish Questionnaire I. 195 V210 Reference: 210 EVER NOT WANT JOB File I.D.: 02 Location: 474 Width: 2 Country: 1,3,4 Implicit Decimal Places: 0 Universe: FOR COUNTRY EQ 1,4 - IF REF 7 EQ 1 FOR COUNTRY EQ 3 - IF REF 237 EQ 1,-3 Since you began working, was there ever a time when you did not have a job, and did not want to find a job? 1 Yes 5 No -1 Skipped -2 Don't know -3 Skipped - should have been answered -5 Refused 1 5 -1 -2 -3 -5 ---------------------------------------------------- U.S. F10 333 1103 262 0 62 0 Norway SP143 310 1026 1155 0 41 0 Canada Q98AX 389 1396 792 0 0 0 Note: Canada The Canadian variable, Q98AX, excludes respondents who are unemployed. Q98AX was constructed using Q98A REF 890. 196 V211 Reference: 211 WHEN NOT WANT JOB-YR File I.D.: 02 Location: 476 Width: 2 Country: 1 Implicit Decimal Places: 0 Universe: FOR COUNTRY EQ 1 - IF REF 210 EQ 1 What year was that? 1-80 Last 2 digits of starting year -1 Skipped -2 Don't know -3 Skipped - should have been answered -5 Refused 1-80 -1 -2 -3 -5 ---------------------------------------------------- U.S. F10a 316 1427 7 10 0 Note: Canada The Canadian equivalents for V211 are REF 798 through REF 809. 197 V212 Reference: 212 HOW LONG NT WANT JOB-MOS File I.D.: 02 Location: 478 Width: 2 Country: 1,3 Implicit Decimal Places: 0 Universe: FOR COUNTRY EQ 1 - IF REF 210 EQ 1 FOR COUNTRY EQ 3 - IF REF 210 EQ 1,-3 For how long were you not working then? (months) 0 No months 1 One month or less 2-11 Number of months -1 Skipped -2 Don't know -3 Skipped - should have been answered -5 Refused 0 1 2-11 -1 -2 -3 -5 -------------------------------------------------------------- U.S. F10bmos 153 32 133 1427 0 15 0 Norway SP144 103 8 167 2181 0 73 0 Note: U.S. If only years given, code 0 for months. U.S. and Norway In the U.S. survey, this question refers to one period outside the labor force. The Norwegian data refers to the total time outside the labor force. Canada The Canadian equivalents for V212 are REF 798 through REF 809. 198 V213 Reference: 213 HOW LONG NT WANT JOB-YRS File I.D.: 02 Location: 480 Width: 2 Country: 1,3 Implicit Decimal Places: 0 Universe: FOR COUNTRY EQ 1 - IF REF 210 EQ 1 FOR COUNTRY EQ 3 - IF REF 210 EQ 1,-3 For how long were you not working then? (years) 0-60 Number of years -1 Skipped -2 Don't know -3 Skipped - should have been answeree -5 Refused 0-60 -1 -2 -3 -5 ---------------------------------------------------- U.S. F10byrs 319 1427 2 12 0 Norway SP144 278 2181 0 73 0 Note: U.S. If only months given, code 0 for years. U.S. and Norway In the U.S. survey, this question refers to one period outside the labor force. The Norwegian data refers to the total time outside the labor force. Norway The Norwegian variable, SP144, was recoded to match the U.S. coding. Canada The Canadian equivalents for V213 are REF 798 through REF 809 199 V214 Reference: 214 WHAT DO WHEN NO JOB1 File I.D.: 02 Location: 482 Width: 2 Country: 1 Implicit Decimal Places: 0 Universe: FOR COUNTRY EQ 1 - IF REF 210 EQ 1 What were you doing? (first mention) 01 In school (except 02); college 02 Job training program or job related classes 11 Looked for work 51 Working; had a part-time/temporary job; worked at previous second job; worked in family business/ farm 71 Illness; health related activities of respondent 72 Moved 73 Volunteer work 81 Home/family related activities (e.g. got married, had a baby, child care, care of other family member, was a housewife, did work around the house) 82 Vacation; travel; hobbies 83 Lived off savings 95 Nothing; loafed 96 Collected unemployment; unemployment insurance -1 Skipped -2 Don't know -3 Skipped - should have been answered -5 Refused 01 02 11 51 71 72 73 81 ---------------------------------------------------- U.S. F10c1 70 1 2 12 4 4 1 151 82 83 95 96 -1 -2 -3 -5 ---------------------------------------------------- U.S. F10c1 30 1 49 6 1427 0 2 0 Note: Canada The Canadian equivalents for V214 are REF 810 through REF 827. 200 V215 Reference: 215 WHAT DO WHEN NO JOB2 File I.D.: 02 Location: 484 Width: 2 Country: 1 Implicit Decimal Places: 0 Universe: FOR COUNTRY EQ 1 - IF REF 210 EQ 1 What were you doing? (second mention, if any) 01 In school (except 02); college 02 Job training program or job related classes 11 Looked for work 51 Working; had a part-time/temporary job; worked at previous second job; worked in family business/ farm 71 Illness; health related activities of respondent 72 Moved 73 Volunteer work 81 Home/family related activities (e.g. got married, had a baby, child care, care of other family member, was a housewife, did work around the house) 82 Vacation; travel; hobbies 83 Lived off savings 95 Nothing; loafed 96 Collected unemployment; unemployment insurance -1 Skipped -2 Don't know -3 Skipped - should have been answered -5 Refused 01 02 11 51 71 72 73 81 ---------------------------------------------------- U.S. F10c2 2 0 2 6 0 1 1 5 82 83 95 96 -1 -2 -3 -5 ---------------------------------------------------- U.S. F10c2 5 0 1 0 1737 0 0 0 Note: Canada The Canadian equivalents for V215 are REF 810 through REF 827. 201 V216 Reference: 216 CHECKPOINT6 File I.D.: 02 Location: 486 Width: 2 Country: 1 Implicit Decimal Places: 0 Universe: FOR COUNTRY EQ 1 - IF REF 183 EQ 1 Interview checkpoint. 1 Respondent is housewife 2 Respondent is unemployed -1 Skipped -2 Don't know -3 Skipped - should have been answered -5 Refused 1 2 -1 -2 -3 -5 ------------------------------------------------------ U.S. F11 138 93 1529 0 0 0 ******************************************************************** V217 Reference: 217 EVER UNEMPLOYED-HOUSEWF File I.D.: 02 Location: 488 Width: 2 Country: 1,4 Implicit Decimal Places: 0 Universe: FOR COUNTRY EQ 1 - IF REF 216 EQ 1 FOR COUNTRY EQ 4 - IF REF 8 EQ 1 AND REF 9 NE 5 Have you ever been unemployed for a week or longer, that is, out of work without a job but wanting to find a job? 1 Yes 5 No -1 Skipped -2 Don't know -3 Skipped - should have been answered -5 Refused 1 5 -1 -2 -3 -5 ----------------------------------------------------- U.S. F11a 40 90 1622 0 8 0 Canada Q99A 32 66 2479 0 0 0 202 V218 Reference: 218 WHEN UNEMPLOYED-HOUSEWF File I.D.: 02 Location: 490 Width: 2 Country: 1 Implicit Decimal Places: 0 Universe: FOR COUNTRY EQ 1 - IF REF 217 EQ 1 In what year were you unemployed? 1-80 Last 2 digits of year -1 Skipped -2 Don't know -3 Skipped - should have been answered -5 Refused 1-80 -1 -2 -3 -5 --------------------------------------------------------- U.S. F11b 39 1720 1 0 0 Note: Canada The Canadian equivalents for V218 are REF 828 through REF 831. 203 V219 Reference: 219 HOW LONG UNEMPLYD HW-WKS File I.D.: 02 Location: 492 Width: 2 Country: 1 Implicit Decimal Places: 0 Universe: FOR COUNTRY EQ 1 - IF REF 217 EQ 1 For how long were you unemployed then? 1-51 Amount of time in weeks -1 Skipped -2 Don't know -3 Skipped - should have been answered -5 Refused 1-51 -1 -2 -3 -5 --------------------------------------------------------- U.S. F11cwks 4 1755 1 0 0 Note: U.S. Code amount of time in weeks or months or years. If answer is given in any one time frame, then REF 220 and REF 221 should be coded -1. If answer is don't know or not applicable, then REF 219 EQ -2 or -3 and REF 220 and REF 221 EQ -1. 204 V220 Reference: 220 HOW LONG UNEMPLYD HW-MOS File I.D.: 02 Location: 494 Width: 2 Country: 1 Implicit Decimal Places: 0 Universe: FOR COUNTRY EQ 1 - IF REF 217 EQ 1 For how long were you unemployed then? 1-18 Amount of time in months -1 Skipped -2 Don't know -3 Skipped - should have been answered -5 Refused 1-18 -1 -2 -3 -5 --------------------------------------------------------- U.S. F11cmos 24 1736 0 0 0 Note: U.S. Code amount of time in weeks or months or years. If answer is given in any one time frame, then REF 219 and REF 221 should be coded -1. If answer is don't know or not applicable, then REF 219 EQ -2 or -3 and REF 220 and REF 221 EQ -1. Canada The Canadian equivalents for V220 are REF 828 through REF 831. 205 V221 Reference: 221 HOW LONG UNEMPLOYD HW-YRS File I.D.: 02 Location: 496 Width: 2 Country: 1 Implicit Decimal Places: 0 Universe: FOR COUNTRY EQ 1 - IF REF 217 EQ 1 For how long were you unemployed then? 1-50 Amount of time in years -1 Skipped -2 Don't know -3 Skipped - should have been answered -5 Refused 1-50 -1 -2 -3 -5 --------------------------------------------------------- U.S. F11cyrs 11 1749 0 0 0 Note: U.S. Code amount of time in weeks or months or years. If answer is given in any one time frame, then REF 219 and REF 220 should be coded -1. If answer is don't know or not applicable, then REF 219 EQ -2 or -3 and REF 220 and REF 221 EQ -1. Canada The Canadian equivalents for V221 are REF 828 through REF 831. 206 V222 Reference: 222 HOW LONG UNEMPLYED UE-WKS File I.D.: 02 Location: 498 Width: 2 Country: 1 Implicit Decimal Places: 0 Universe: FOR COUNTRY EQ 1 - IF REF 216 EQ 2 For how long have you been unemployed, that is, out of work, without a job but wanting to find a job? 1-51 Amount of time in weeks -1 Skipped -2 Don't know -3 Skipped - should have been answered -5 Refused 1-51 -1 -2 -3 -5 --------------------------------------------------------- U.S. F11dwks 22 1735 0 3 0 Note: U.S. Code amount of time in weeks or months or years. If answer is given in any one time frame, then REF 223 and REF 224 should be coded -1. If answer is don't know or not applicable, then REF 222 EQ -2 or -3 and REF 223 and REF 224, EQ -1. Canada The Canadian equivalent for V222 is REF 832. 207 V223 Reference: 223 HOW LONG UNEMPLYED UE-MOS File I.D.: 02 Location: 500 Width: 2 Country: 1 Implicit Decimal Places: 0 Universe: FOR COUNTRY EQ 1 - IF REF 216 EQ 2 For how long have you been unemployed, that is, out of work, without a job but wanting to find a job? 1-18 Amount of time in months -1 Skipped -2 Don't know -3 Skipped - should have been answered -5 Refused 1-18 -1 -2 -3 -5 --------------------------------------------------------- U.S. F11dmos 53 1707 0 0 0 Note: U.S. Code amount of time in weeks or months or years. If answer is given in any one time frame, then REF 222 and REF 224 should be coded -1. If answer is don't know or not applicable, then REF 222 EQ -2 or -3 and REF 223 and REF 224 EQ -1. 208 V224 Reference: 224 HOW LONG UNEMPLYED UE-YRS File I.D.: 02 Location: 502 Width: 2 Country: 1 Implicit Decimal Places: 0 Universe: FOR COUNTRY EQ 1 - IF REF 216 EQ 2 For how long have you been unemployed, that is, out of work, without a job but wanting to find a job? 1-51 Amount of time yrs. -1 Skipped -2 Don't know -3 Skipped - should have been answered -5 Refused 1-51 -1 -2 -3 -5 --------------------------------------------------------- U.S. F11dyrs 15 1745 0 0 0 Note: U.S. Code amount of time in weeks or months or years. If answer is given in any one time frame, then REF 222 and REF 223 should be coded -1. If answer is don't know or not applicable, then REF 222 EQ -2 or -3 and REF 223 and REF 224 EQ -1. 209 V225 Reference: 225 HOW SUPPORT DURNG UNEMP1 File I.D.: 02 Location: 504 Width: 2 Country: 1 Implicit Decimal Places: 0 Universe: FOR COUNTRY EQ 1 - IF REF 216 EQ 2 How have you supported yourself during this period of unemployment? (first mention) 1-97 2-digit Source of Support Code -1 Skipped -2 Don't know -3 Skipped - should have been answered -5 Refused 1-97 -1 -2 -3 -5 --------------------------------------------------------- U.S. F11e1 88 1667 0 5 0 Note: U.S. See Supplementary Code 10 for Source of Support Code. Canada The Canadian equivalent for V225 is REF 833. 210 V226 Reference: 226 HOW SUPPORT DURNG UNEMP-2 File I.D.: 02 Location: 506 Width: 2 Country: 1 Implicit Decimal Places: 0 Universe: FOR COUNTRY EQ 1 - IF REF 216 EQ 2 How have you supported yourself during this period of unemployment? (second mention, if any) 1-97 2-digit Source of Support Code -1 Skipped -2 Don't know -3 Skipped - should have been answered -5 Refused 1-97 -1 -2 -3 -5 --------------------------------------------------------- U.S. F11e2 15 1745 0 0 0 Note: U.S. See Supplementary Code 10 for Source of Support Code. Canada The Canadian equivalent for V226 is REF 834. 211 V227 Reference: 227 WHAT DO TO FIND JOB1 File I.D.: 02 Location: 508 Width: 2 Country: 1,4 Implicit Decimal Places: 0 Universe: FOR COUNTRY EQ 1 - IF REF 216 EQ 2 FOR COUNTRY EQ 4 - IF REF 8 EQ 2 What have you done to try to find a new job? (first mention) 01 Vague, unspecified actions ("been looking around") 02 Read ads, notices, bulletin boards; radio and TV ads (no indication of follow-up) 03 Sent out resumes, letters 04 Contacted friends, relatives; talked to people about when there might be jobs 05 Visited, phoned employers; filled out applications; interviewed 06 Contacted employment agency 07 Contacted unemployment office 08 Contacted union (Canada only) 70 Going to school; job training program 80 Have a job which will begin in near future 81 Will be in service in near future 90 Nothing; haven't started looking yet 97 Other -1 Skipped -2 Don't know -3 Skipped - should have been answered -5 Refused 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 --------------------------------------------------------- U.S. F11f1 10 18 5 2 29 7 3 0 Canada Q99G1 16 59 8 7 83 4 57 12 70 80 81 90 97 --------------------------------------------------------- U.S. F11f1 1 0 1 12 2 Canada Q99G1 22 32 1 167 0 -1 -2 -3 -5 --------------------------------------------------------- U.S. F11f1 1667 0 3 0 Canada Q99G1 2092 0 17 0 212 V228 Reference: 228 WHAT TO DO TO FIND JOB2 File I.D.: 02 Location: 510 Width: 2 Country: 1,4 Implicit Decimal Places: 0 Universe: FOR COUNTRY EQ 1 - IF REF 216 EQ 2 FOR COUNTRY EQ 4 - IF REF 8 EQ 2 What have you done to try to find a new job? (second mention, if any) 01 Vague, unspecified actions ("been looking around") 02 Read ads, notices, bulletin boards; radio and TV ads (no indication of follow-up) 03 Sent out resumes, letters 04 Contacted friends, relatives; talked to people about when there might be jobs 05 Visited, phoned employers; filled out applications; interviewed 06 Contacted employment agency 07 Contacted unemployment office 08 Contacted union (Canada only) 70 Going to school; job training program 80 Have a job which will begin in near future 81 Will be in service in near future 90 Nothing; haven't started looking yet 97 Other -1 Skipped -2 Don't know -3 Skipped - should have been answered -5 Refused 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 --------------------------------------------------------- U.S. F11f2 1 7 2 5 8 2 5 0 Canada Q99G2 1 25 3 10 36 4 22 1 70 80 81 90 97 --------------------------------------------------------- U.S. F11f2 3 0 0 1 0 Canada Q99G2 2 0 0 0 0 -1 -2 -3 -5 --------------------------------------------------------- U.S. F11f2 1726 0 0 0 Canada Q99G2 2473 0 0 0 213 V229 Reference: 229 EVER UNEMPLOYED PRIOR-UE File I.D.: 02 Location: 512 Width: 2 Country: 1,4 Implicit Decimal Places: 0 Universe: FOR COUNTRY EQ 1 - IF REF 216 EQ 2 FOR COUNTRY EQ 4 - IF REF 8 EQ 2 Aside from this present period of unemployment, have you ever been unemployed in the past? 1 Yes 5 No -1 Skipped -2 Don't know -3 Skipped - should have been answered -5 Refused 1 5 -1 -2 -3 -5 --------------------------------------------------------- U.S. F11g 59 30 1667 0 4 0 Canada Q99H 216 262 2092 0 7 0 Note: Canada The Canadian question was phrased differently: "Aside from this present period of unemployment, have you ever been unemployed for a week or longer, that is, out of work but wanting to find work?" 214 V230 Reference: 230 HOW MANY TIMES PRIOR-UE File I.D.: 02 Location: 514 Width: 2 Country: 1,4 Implicit Decimal Places: 0 Universe: FOR COUNTRY EQ 1,4 - IF REF 229 EQ 1 About how many times have you been unemployed? 1-95 Actual number of times -1 Skipped -2 Don't know -3 Skipped - should have been answered -5 Refused 1-95 -1 -2 -3 -5 --------------------------------------------------------- U.S. F11h 53 1701 1 5 0 Canada Q99I 202 2361 8 6 0 Note: Canada The Canadian question was phrased differently: "About how many times including this time have you been unemployed?" 215 V231 Reference: 231 WHEN LONGEST UNEMP-YR-UE File I.D.: 02 Location: 516 Width: 2 Country: 1 Implicit Decimal Places: 0 Universe: FOR COUNTRY EQ 1 - IF REF 229 EQ 1 When was the longest stretch of unemployment you ever had? 1-80 Last 2 digits of year unemployment began -1 Skipped -2 Don't know -3 Skipped - should have been answered -5 Refused 1-80 -1 -2 -3 -5 --------------------------------------------------------- U.S. F11j 51 1701 2 6 0 ******************************************************************** V232 Reference: 232 HW LNG LNGST UNEMP-WK-UE File I.D.: 02 Location: 518 Width: 2 Country: 1 Implicit Decimal Places: 0 Universe: FOR COUNTRY EQ 1 - IF REF 229 EQ 1 For how long were you unemployed that time? 1-51 Amount of time in weeks -1 Skipped -2 Don't know -3 Skipped - should have been answered -5 Refused 1-51 -1 -2 -3 -5 --------------------------------------------------------- U.S. F11kwks 3 1754 1 2 0 Note: U.S. Code amount of time in weeks or months or years. If answer is given in any one time frame, then REF 233 and REF 234 should be coded -1. If answer is don't know or not applicable, then REF 232 EQ -2 or -3 and REF 233 and REF 234 EQ -1. 216 V233 Reference: 233 HW LNG LNGST UNEMP-MO-UE File I.D.: 02 Location: 520 Width: 2 Country: 1 Implicit Decimal Places: 0 Universe: FOR COUNTRY EQ 1 - IF REF 229 EQ 1 For how long were you unemployed that time? 1-18 Amount of time in months -1 Skipped -2 Don't know -3 Skipped - should have been answered -5 Refused 1-18 -1 -2 -3 -5 --------------------------------------------------------- U.S. F11kmos 35 1725 0 0 0 Note: U.S. Code amount of time in weeks or months or years. If answer is given in any one time frame, then REF 232 and REF 234 should be coded -1. If answer is don't know or not applicable, then REF 232 EQ -2 or -3 and REF 233 and REF 234 EQ -1. 217 V234 Reference: 234 HW LNG LNGST UNEMP-YR-UE File I.D.: 02 Location: 522 Width: 2 Country: 1 Implicit Decimal Places: 0 Universe: FOR COUNTRY EQ 1 - IF REF 229 EQ 1 For how long were you unemployed that time? 1-50 Amount of time in years -1 Skipped -2 Don't know -3 Skipped - should have been answered -5 Refused 1-50 -1 -2 -3 -5 --------------------------------------------------------- U.S. F11kyrs 17 1742 0 1 0 Note: U.S. Code amount of time in weeks or months or years. If answer is given in any one time frame, then REF 232 and REF 233 should be coded -1. If answer is don't know or not applicable, then REF 232 EQ -2 or -3 and REF 233 and REF 234 EQ -1. 218 V235 Reference: 235 BEGAN WORK PRESNT JOB-MO File I.D.: 02 Location: 524 Width: 2 Country: 1 Implicit Decimal Places: 0 Universe: FOR COUNTRY EQ 1 - IF REF 183 NE 2 These next questions are about job changes you may have made in the past. A change in jobs can either be a change in employers or a substantial change in the duties and job title of your job for the same employer. This does not include a promotion in which you do basically the same task. First of all could you tell me what month and year you first began working at your present main job? 1-12 Actual month -1 Skipped -2 Don't know -3 Skipped - should have been answered -5 Refused 1-12 -1 -2 -3 -5 --------------------------------------------------------- U.S. F12mo 1559 31 65 105 0 219 V236 Reference: 236 BEGAN WORK PRESNT JOB-YR File I.D.: 02 Location: 526 Width: 2 Country: 1,3 Implicit Decimal Places: 0 Universe: FOR COUNTRY EQ 1 - IF REF 183 NE 2 FOR COUNTRY EQ 3 - IF REF 560 EQ 1 OR REF 561 EQ 1 Could you tell me what month and year you first began working at your present main job? 1-82 Last 2 digits of year -1 Skipped -2 Don't know -3 Skipped - should have been answered -5 Refused 1-82 -1 -2 -3 -5 --------------------------------------------------------- U.S. F12yr 1645 31 3 81 0 Norway SP099 1652 818 0 62 0 Note: Norway The Norwegian variable, SP099, applies to respondents with permanent or temporary work. 220 V237 Reference: 237 HAVE PRIOR JOB1 File I.D.: 02 Location: 528 Width: 2 Country: 1,3,4 Implicit Decimal Places: 0 Universe: FOR COUNTRY EQ 1,4 - IF REF 183 NE 2 FOR COUNTRY EQ 3 - IF REF 560 EQ 1 OR REF 561 EQ 1 Did you have a job before your current job? (This could include a previous job with your present employer if it had a different job title and substantially different duties.) 1 Yes 5 No -1 Skipped -2 Don't know -3 Skipped - should have been answered -5 Refused 1 5 -1 -2 -3 -5 --------------------------------------------------------- U.S. F13 1445 205 31 0 79 0 Norway SP100 1344 337 818 0 33 0 Canada Q110PRI 744 394 1416 0 22 1 Note: Canada The Canadian question was phrased differently: "Did you have a full-time job before your last main job? By full-time job we mean at least 30 hours per week." 221 V238 Reference: 238 PRIOR JOB1 S-EMP/EMPLE File I.D.: 02 Location: 530 Width: 2 Country: 1,4 Implicit Decimal Places: 0 Universe: FOR COUNTRY EQ 1,4 - IF REF 237 EQ 1 On that previous job, were you self-employed or did you work for someone else? 1 Self-employed 2 Someone else -1 Skipped -2 Don't know -3 Skipped - should have been answered -5 Refused 1 2 -1 -2 -3 -5 --------------------------------------------------------- U.S. F14 75 1364 315 0 6 0 Canada Q111A 39 705 1833 0 0 0 ******************************************************************** V239 Reference: 239 PRIOR JOB1 PAID EMPLES File I.D.: 02 Location: 532 Width: 2 Country: 1,4 Implicit Decimal Places: 0 Universe: FOR COUNTRY EQ 1,4 - IF REF 238 EQ 1 Did you have any paid employees? 1 Yes 5 No -1 Skipped -2 Don't know -3 Skipped - should have been answered -5 Refused 1 5 -1 -2 -3 -5 --------------------------------------------------------- U.S. F14a 22 52 1685 0 1 0 Canada Q111B 19 20 2538 0 0 0 222 V240 Reference: 240 PRIOR JOB1 #EMPLES File I.D.: 02 Location: 534 Width: 3 Country: 1,4 Implicit Decimal Places: 0 Universe: FOR COUNTRY EQ 1,4 - IF REF 239 EQ 1 On the average, how many employees did you have? 1-995 Actual number -1 Skipped -2 Don't know -3 Skipped - should have been answered -5 Refused 1-995 -1 -2 -3 -5 --------------------------------------------------------- U.S. F14b 21 1738 0 1 0 Canada Q111C 19 2558 0 0 0 ******************************************************************** V241 Reference: 241 PRIOR JOB1 DIFRNT EMPLYR File I.D.: 02 Location: 537 Width: 2 Country: 1,4 Implicit Decimal Places: 0 Universe: FOR COUNTRY EQ 1,4 - IF REF 238 EQ 2 Was that the same employer as your present one or was it someone different? 1 Same 2 Different -1 Skipped -2 Don't know -3 Skipped - should have been answered -5 Refused 1 2 -1 -2 -3 -5 --------------------------------------------------------- U.S. F14c 178 1182 396 0 4 0 Canada Q111D 95 610 1872 0 0 0