1 THE 1988 NATIONAL ELECTION STUDY TECHNICAL DOCUMENTATION A SURVEY RESEARCH PROJECT CONDUCTED FOR: Richard Johnston University of British Columbia Andr Blais Universit de Montral Henry E. Brady University of Chicago Jean Crte Universit Laval TECHNICAL DOCUMENTATION BY: David Northrup Anne Oram Institute for Social Research York University January 1989 CONDITIONS OF RELEASE All research based upon these data must include an acknowledgement such as the following: "Data from the 1988 Canadian National Election Study, which was funded by the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada (Grant #411-88-0030). The data were collected by the Institute for Social Research, York University for Richard Johnston, Andr Blais, Henry E. Brady and Jean Crte. The investigators, SSHRCC and the Institute for Social Research bear no responsibility for the analyses and interpretations presented here." In order to provide the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada with information regarding use of these data, researchers are requested to forward a copy of any publications or scholarly papers to the Director, Institute for Social Research, York University, 4700 Keele Street, North York, Ontario M3J 1P3. Data acquired from the Institute for Social Research may not be redisseminated outside the recipient institution. Further information about the implementation of the 1988 Canadian National Election Study at the Institute for Social Research, York University can be obtained by contacting David Bates (Sampling), John Tibert (CATI), Tammy Chi (data collection), Anne Oram (data dissemination) and David Northrup (project management). 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS Condition of Release. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . i Table of Contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ii List of Tables. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .iii 1 STUDY DESCRIPTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1.1 Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1.2 The Campaign Period Survey. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1.3 The Post Election Survey. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 1.4 The Mailback Survey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 2 SAMPLE DESIGN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 2.1 Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 2.2 Selection of Households . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 2.3 Selection of Respondent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 2.4 Provincial Sample Distribution and Language Over Sample . . 4 2.5 Daily Sample Distribution: The "Rolling Cross Section" . . 5 2.6 Weighting Description for Campaign Period Survey. . . . . . 6 2.7 Post Election and Mail Survey Samples . . . . . . . . . . . 7 2.8 Linking Respondents to the Three Surveys. . . . . . . . . . 8 3 DATA COLLECTION PROCEDURES AND RESPONSE RATES . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 3.1 Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 3.2 Data Collection Procedures: Campaign Period Survey . . . . 9 3.3 Response Rates: Campaign Period Survey . . . . . . . . . . 10 3.4 Data Collection Procedures: Post Election Survey . . . . . 13 3.5 Reinterview Rates: Post Election Survey . . . . . . . . . 13 3.6 Data Collection Procedures: Mailback Survey . . . . . . . 16 3.7 Mailback Reinterview Rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 3.8 Cumulative Response Rate for all Survey Waves . . . . . . . 18 4 DATA PROCESSING NOTES 4.1 Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 4.2 CATI Experiments: The Use of Random Numbers. . . . . . . . 19 4.3 Variable Description List . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 4.31 Sampling and Study Procedures and Information Describing the Respondent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 4.32 Items Collected in the Telephone Surveys . . . . . . 24 4.33 Items Included: Mailback Survey . . . . . . . . . . 31 4.4 Map of Variables. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 4.5 Occupation Codebook Item (N6) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 References LIST OF TABLES 2.1 PROVINCIAL SAMPLE DISTRIBUTION OF COMPLETED INTERVIEWS IN ORIGINAL SAMPLE DESIGN. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 3.1 NUMBER OF CALL ATTEMPTS FOR COMPLETED INTERVIEWS: CAMPAIGN AND POST ELECTION SURVEYS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 3.2 FINAL SAMPLE DISPOSITION: CAMPAIGN PERIOD SURVEY. . . . . . . . 11 3.3 NATIONAL AND PROVINCIAL RESPONSE RATES: CAMPAIGN PERIOD SURVEY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 3.4 NUMBER OF COMPLETIONS AND RESPONSE RATE BY REPLICATE: CAMPAIGN PERIOD SURVEY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 3.5 FINAL SAMPLE DISPOSITION: POST ELECTION SURVEY . . . . . . . . . 15 3.6 NATIONAL AND PROVINCIAL INTERVIEW RATES: POST ELECTION SURVEY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 3.7 NUMBER OF COMPLETIONS BY REPLICATE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 3.8 PROVINCIAL DISTRIBUTIONS OF COMPLETED INTERVIEWS AS PRESENTED IN SAMPLE DESIGN AND BY SURVEY WAVE . . . . . . . . 18 1 STUDY DESCRIPTION 1.1 Introduction The 1988 Canadian National Election Survey was completed at the Institute for Social Research at York University. The survey included three waves: 1, a Campaign Period Survey with a representative sample of 3,609 Canadians; 2, a Post Election Survey with 2,922 of the Campaign Period Survey respondents; and 3, a Mailback Survey with 2,115 of the Post Election Survey respondents. All interviewing was completed in English or French from ISR's centralized telephone facilities using Computer Assisted Telephone Interviewing (CATI) techniques. The Institute uses software from the Computer-Assisted Survey Methods Program at the University of California, Berkeley. 1.2 The Campaign Period Survey Random digit dialing procedures were utilized to select the telephone numbers included in the Campaign Period Survey (CPS) sample. The sample was released as a rolling cross section. Each day of the campaign a sample of telephone numbers, representative of the Canadian population, was released. On average 77 interviews were completed per day in the 47 days prior to the November 21st election for a total of 3,609 interviews. The questionnaire averaged 38 minutes and included items on election interest and media, voting intentions and party identification, personal, provincial and national economic conditions, ratings of leaders, parties and candidates, government performance, policy and campaign issues, candidate and constituency identification, and a battery of socio-demographic items. Experiments in question wording were incorporated into the CPS. The survey instrument included different versions of questions about Free Trade, Meech Lake, abortion, the government's intention to purchase nuclear powered submarines, etc. The extent of CATI manipulations included in the questionnaire are documented in section 4.2 below. CATI was also used to incorporate a number of question order experiments in the CPS. For example, respondents were asked the "vote intention" items either very early on in the interview, before items on "party identification" or near the end of the interview prior to the sociodemographic items. Randomization of order was also used in the rating of leaders, parties, and candidates and for other questions. 1.3 The Post Election Survey All respondents to the CPS were called again after the election and 2,922 of them completed the Post Election Survey (PES). Two thirds of the PES interviews were completed within 30 days of the election. The Christmas season made it necessary to complete the final third of the interviews in January, 1989. The PES questionnaire averaged 27 minutes in length. Some of the items asked in the CPS were asked again in the PES. Most of the items on election interest and media, party identification, ratings of leaders, parties and candidates, constituency identification, and some of the items on policy and campaign issues were asked a second time on the PES. The PES also included items on voting behaviour, campaign activities, groups in Canadian society and a special battery on free trade. 1.4 The Mailback Survey At the end of the PES respondents were asked to participate in a mail survey. Approximately 80 percent of the respondents to the PES provided an address and almost 75 percent of these respondents returned a completed questionnaires for a final sample of 2,115. As a general rule, questionnaires were sent to respondents within a week of their completion of the PES. The mail survey included 97 items. Issues explored included: fiscal priorities, the economy, policy issues, changes to Canadian society, political efficacy, societal goals, capitalist values, rights and liberties, and conceptions of community. A small proportion of the mail questionnaires returned were deemed to have been completed by someone other than the respondent to the CPS on the basis of respondent variation in reporting gender and age. A variable has been added to the data set to identify these returns (see section 2.8 below). 1 2. SAMPLE DESIGN 2.1 Introduction The sample for the study was designed to represent the adult population (18 years of age or older) who reside in one of the ten Canadian provinces and who are Canadian citizens, speak one of the official languages (English or French), and reside in private homes (residents of old age homes, group homes, educational and penal institutions were excluded). Because the mode of data collection for the survey was telephone, the 1.8 percent of Canadian households without a telephone are eliminated from the sample population (Statistics Canada: Catalogue 56-203, Ottawa, 1985). 2.2 Selection of Households A two stage probability selection process was utilized to select respondents for the survey. The first stage is the random selection of households by randomly selecting residential telephone numbers. A complete listing of all residential telephone numbers in Canada is the appropriate sampling frame for the survey. Unfortunately such a listing does not exist. Telephone books are not an acceptable surrogate. Unlisted numbers (not published in the telephone book by the owner's choice) and numbers for people who have recently moved are not included. People who do not have their name in the telephone book are not a random subset of the population (Tremblay, 1982). Sampling from telephone books would systematically exclude these people from the sample. Use of random digit dialing (RDD) for selecting telephone numbers gives all households, not just those listed in telephone directories, an equal and known probability of selection. All telephone numbers in Canada consist of a three digit area code, a three digit central office code (the first three digits of the seven digit telephone number), and a suffix (the last four digits of a telephone number). It is possible to determine area codes, central office codes and suffixes that are in use by referring to telephone and city directories. With this knowledge, it is possible to construct a listing of all possible numbers in Canada. A computer is then used to generate a random sample of telephone numbers from this listing. Because this sample will include numbers that are nonresidential or not in service and because an interview will not be completed in every household that is selected for the study (some households will refuse to be interviewed and some households will not contain an eligible respondent) the sample selected must be in excess of the desired number of completions. Based on information from Statistics Canada and previous work completed at ISR a projection of the required sample size can be calculated. Given the target number of 3,600 completed interviews it was necessary to draw a sample of approximately 12,300 telephone numbers. This number was calculated as follows: 12,300 x .50 [proportion of numbers predicted to be eligible households] x .59 [proportion of households willing to participate] = 3,628. 2.3 Selection of Respondent The second stage of sample selection was random selection of an adult household member as the respondent. This stage of sample selection was completed by selecting the household member, 18 years of age or older, who had the most recent birthday and was a Canadian citizen. (A discussion of the use of the most recent birthday method of selecting respondents can be found in O'Rourke and Blair, 1983.) 2.4 Provincial Sample Distribution and the Language Over Sample The initial sample design called for 3,500 completed interviews. Minimal sample sizes were established for each province (100 for the Atlantic Provinces, 200 for Manitoba and Saskatchewan, 400 for the other Western Provinces and 800 for Ontario and Quebec). To facilitate analysis of French speakers in New Brunswick and Ontario, and English speakers in Quebec, the sample design included a "language over sample" of 300 completions evenly divided among the three provinces. In New Brunswick and Ontario interviewers called the additional sample numbers, and requested in French, that the household participate in the study. Interviews were conducted only in households with French speakers. In Quebec the over sample interviews were conducted only with English speakers. Unlike the sample for the "main" study, the "over" sample telephone numbers were not randomly generated from all possible numbers. Exchanges in New Brunswick and Ontario that were known to have higher proportions of French speakers (north and eastern New Brunswick and north and eastern Ontario) and exchanges in Quebec known to have higher proportions of English speakers (mainly the west end of Montreal) were the only exchanges used to generate the over sample. The distribution of the sample among the Canadian provinces, taking into account the allocation of the additional 300 "over" sample interviews is presented in Table 2.1. 1 TABLE 2.1 PROVINCIAL DISTRIBUTION OF COMPLETED INTERVIEWS IN ORIGINAL SAMPLE DESIGN Province Number Percent Newfoundland 100 2.9 P.E.I. 100 2.9 Nova Scotia 100 2.9 New Brunswick 200 5.7 Quebec 900 25.7 Ontario 900 25.7 Manitoba 200 5.7 Saskatchewan 200 5.7 Alberta 400 11.7 British Columbia 400 11.7 TOTAL 3,500 100.0 2.5 Daily Sample Distribution: The "Rolling Cross Section" Interviewing a cross section of Canadians each day made it possible to determine how attitudes about leaders, parties and candidates changed during this time period and to determine the impact of campaign events on the election. The sample generated for the CPS was divided randomly into 47 equal "replicates", representing the 47 days, during which the survey was conducted. At the beginning of each day the new replicate for that day was released. Each replicate remained active for 9 to 12 days except those released in the last nine days of the campaign (i.e., the replicate released three days before the last day of the campaign could only be called on those three days). Calling sample numbers over a 9 to 12 day period insured that some of the interviews completed each day were with "hard to reach" respondents. Research has shown that "hard to reach" respondents, those interviewed only after several telephone calls have been made, may be different than "easy to reach" respondents (Sebold, 1988; Wilcox, 1977; Hawkins, 1975; and Dunkelberg and Day, 1973). Decisions on the length of time each replicate remained active for data collection were made on an ongoing basis throughout the study. In general, replicates estimated to generate more than 77 completions (based on the results at the end of each day) remained active for less than 12 days and replicates estimated to generate fewer than 77 completions remained active for the entire 12 day period. Adjustments to the length of time that replicates remained active were determined in conjunction with the number of telephone numbers in each replicate. Within each replicate the sample was further subdivided into 30 "sample codes". Each sample code, like each replicate, was a random sample of all possible telephone numbers in Canada. Once the data collection was completed for the first few replicates, adjustments were made in the number of sample codes released within each replicate. The decision on the number of sample codes released in a replicate was always made before the replicate was released. The "replicate" and "sample code" for each completion is part of the data record. 2.6 Weighting Description for Campaign Period Survey Weights, designed to adjust for unequal probabilities of selection within households, the language over sample and the disproportionate sample allocation among the provinces, have been attached to the data set. The probability of an adult member of the household being selected for an interview varies inversely with the number of people living in that household (in a single adult household there is a 100 percent chance of selection and in a three adult household there is only a 33 percent chance of selection). As a result, it is possible that the data are biased as one person households are over represented in the sample. To compensate for the unequal probabilities of selection, one adult households are given a weight of one, two adult households are given a weight of two, three adult households a weight of three etc. There are seven weights attached to this data set (WT1, WT2, etc.). ALL of these weights include a correction factor for uneven probability of respondent selection. Of course, the option of using weights is left to the discretion of the user. A brief summary of each weight follows. WT1: National Weight Including Over Sample, adjusts for unequal probability of selection at the household level, includes over sample completions and corrects for disproportionate distribution among the Provinces WT2: Province Weight Including Over Sample, adjusts for unequal probability of selection at the household level, includes over sample completions WT3: Atlantic Weight Including Over Sample, adjusts for unequal probability of selection at the household level, includes only completions from the Atlantic Provinces WT4: Prairie Weight, adjusts for unequal probability of selection at the household level, includes only completions from the Prairie Provinces, WT5: National Weight, adjusts for unequal probability of selection at the household level and corrects for disproportionate distribution among the Provinces WT6: Province Weight adjusts for unequal probability of selection at the household level WT7: Atlantic Weight, adjusts for unequal probability of selection at the household level, includes only completions from the Atlantic Provinces All of the weights include an adjustment and, as a result, the number of cases in the dataset remains constant (3,609) even when different weights are utilized. The disproportionate allocation of the sample among the provinces is adjusted for in WT1 and WT5. When WT1 or WT5 are invoked the user will produce a data set where the distribution of cases among the provinces approximates the national population distribution. Either WT1 or WT5 should be used when national estimates are desired. The data set created with WT1 includes the over sample completions and that created with WT5 excludes these completions. Using WT2 and WT6 produces a dataset with a sample distribution among the provinces that does not correct for the disproportionate number of completion in the smaller provinces. Either WT2 or WT6 should be used when provincial comparisons are required. WT2 includes the language oversample, WT6 does not. WT4 should be used when the user is investigating response from the Prairie Provinces and WT7 when the Atlantic Provinces are the area of investigation. 2.7 Post Election and Mail Survey Samples At the end of the CPS the interviewer thanked the respondent for their time and said they hoped to have the chance to talk again after the election. After the interviewer hung up the telephone CATI presented them with a screen showing the respondent's name (or sometimes an initial or other identifier), gender and date of birth. The interviewer transcribed this information to the "cover sheet" (side one listed a record of all call attempts on the CPS and side two listed the same for the PES). This information was used by interviewers to insure they reached the correct person when they called to complete the PES. The cover sheets for the 3,609 completions were randomized so there was no relationship between the completion date of the CPS and the first call attempt to complete the PES. Over 80 percent (2,922) of the respondents to the CPS completed the PES. At the end of the post election interview respondents were asked to participate in a mail survey. Ninety percent of the respondents who completed the PES provided a mailing address. These 2,635 people (.90 x 2,922) were the sample for the mail survey. 2.8 Linking Respondents to the Three Surveys Although efforts were made to insure that the same person completed all three survey waves, an inspection of the data suggests this was not always the case. The possibility of getting data from the wrong person was highest in the mail survey. Although the mail questionnaire was addressed to the respondent, there was of course no guarantee that he or she would be the person who completed the questionnaire. More surprisingly, but less frequently, there is evidence to suggest that a different person was interviewed in the second telephone survey. This possibility results from interviewer error (the interviewer did not insist on interviewing the correct person, the father and son had the same name and the interviewer forgot to check the year of birth, etc.) or from respondent error (the respondent insisted that it was their spouse who completed the CPS, the person who answers the telephone wants to "have their turn" and insist that they are the correct respondent, etc.). Items common to all survey waves were used to create a variable that identifies situations where the data from all three surveys seems to have been obtained from two different respondents. Gender and year of birth were included in all three waves of the study. If the gender variable was not the same for all three surveys, or if age varied by more than two years the case was identified as being a "not a good link" case. The variable "LINK" has five values: 1, campaign completion only, 2, only campaign and post election completed: GOOD link, 3, only campaign and post election completed: NOT a good link, 4, campaign, post election and mail completed: GOOD link, 5, campaign, post election and mail completed: NOT a good link. Values "3" and "5" accounted for 2.7 percent of the 3,609 cases. More conservative or liberal interpretations of the linkage can be completed by the user. The responses to the two items used in each wave of the survey to create the link variable are included in the data set (N1, RSEX, XN1, XRSEX, YRBIRTH and ZRSEX). Users who plan to conduct analysis that includes information from more than one survey should consider deleting the "not a good link" cases (values 3 and 5 of the variable "LINK") before they conduct their analysis. 1 3 DATA COLLECTION PROCEDURES AND RESPONSE RATES 3.1 Introduction A brief description of the data collection procedures is outlined in this section of the technical documentation. Response rates for each of the three survey components and the prescreening of the sample are also reviewed. 3.2 Data Collection Procedures: Campaign Period Survey To reduce the amount of unproductive calling required once data collection started, the sample was prescreened. As the start of the campaign could not be predicted, prescreening was completed in July, 1988, approximately two months before the election was called. Over 3,710 nonresidential numbers and not in service numbers were eliminated during the prescreening (from a total sample of 16,002 telephone numbers). Typically, in surveys conducted at ISR, telephone numbers remain active for at least a three week (21 day) period. However, the logistics of maintaining the rolling cross section made it difficult to have numbers active for more than 12 days. In order to maximize the number of completions from each replicate the call schedule was designed to allow for 15 calls when a replicate was available for the maximum 12 day period. The call schedule for numbers that were never answered was as follows: for the first three days a minimum of two calls were made per day and at least half of the calls were made during evening hours; for days four to twelve at least one call was made per day and the time of the call was rotated to include morning, afternoon and evening time slots. Of course, once contact was made with a household subsequent calls were adjusted on the basis of information obtained in the contact. The mean number of calls required to obtain a completion was 3.4. About three quarters of the completions required fewer than five call attempts and 28 percent of the completions required only one call (Table 3.1). In the most extreme case 24 calls were made to complete the interview. The number of call attempts, the number of times the telephone was answered and other variables that describe the data collection process are included as part of the data set (see section 4.2 below). In Quebec, and for the French language over sample in Ontario and New Brunswick, the initial call was always made by a French speaking interviewer. English speaking interviewers made the first call attempt for the rest of the country. Whenever a household or respondent indicated they wished to be interviewed in the other language an interviewer with the appropriate language skills called back. Typically, the second interviewer would call back during the same interviewing shift. 1 TABLE 3.1 NUMBER OF CALL ATTEMPTS FOR COMPLETED INTERVIEWS: CAMPAIGN AND POST ELECTION SURVEYS Number of Call Campaign Period Post Election Attempts Survey1 Survey (Percent Distribution) One 28 27 Two 24 21 Three 16 14 Four 10 9 Five or six 11 12 Seven to nine 6 10 Ten to nineteen 4 6 Twenty to twenty-five 1 1 1 The prescreening call is not included in the number of call attempts. 3.3 Response Rates: Campaign Period Survey There are numerous ways to calculate response rates in survey research (Groves, 1989; Groves and Lynberg, 1988; Wiseman and Billington, 1984; Frey, 1983; and Dillman, 1978). The method used in this project was conservative: most other ways of calculating response rate would produce higher rates. The final response rate for the CPS was 57 percent. Table 3.2 shows sample disposition at the end of the campaign period survey and Table 3.3 shows national and provincial response rates. The proportion of "callbacks" and "never answered" are both one to two percent higher than is typical in studies conducted at ISR. This results from the limitations imposed by using the rolling cross section sampling strategy, a strategy that curtailed the length of time a number was in the field. A longer field period would reduce the number of these results and increased the response rate by a percent or two. The response rate was defined as the number of completed interviews divided by the estimated number of eligible households times 100 percent. Of the 12,352 telephone numbers included in the sample 6,027 were eligible households (Table 3.2). Not eligible households (respondent was unable to speak either English or French, was not healthy enough to complete the interview, nonresidential and not in service numbers, etc.) accounted for 5,730 of the telephone numbers. It was not possible to determine the eligibility status for 595 of the sample telephone numbers. For response rate calculations, it was assumed that the proportion of these 595 numbers which were household numbers was the same as it was in the rest of sample. TABLE 3.2 FINAL SAMPLE DISPOSITION: CAMPAIGN PERIOD SURVEY Result Number Percent Eligible Completions 3609 29.2 Refusals* 1876 15.2 Callbacks 542 4.4 Subtotal Eligible 6,027 48.8 Not Eligible Ill/Aged 162 1.3 Language Problem 127 1.0 Absent for Duration of Study 70 .6 Not a Canadian Citizen 161 1.3 No One Over 18 in Household 162 1.3 Non Residential Number 1,604 13.0 Not In Service Number 3,444 27.9 Subtotal Not Eligible 5,730 46.4 Eligibility Not Determined Telephone Never Answered or 595 4.8 Always Busy TOTAL 12,352 100.0 * Respondent was not available and interviewer was instructed or arranged to call back at a better time. Often more than one callback was arranged. No interview was completed before the 12 day data collection period was over. The household eligibility rate was .51 (eligibles [6,027]/eligibles [6,027] + not eligibles [5,730] = .51). The estimated total number of eligibles was then computed as 6,332 (6,027 + [.51 x 595] = 6.332). Dividing the number of completions (3,609) by the estimated number of eligibles (6,332) gives a final response rate of 57 percent. Variation in response rates between provinces was pronounced but not unexpected (Table 3.3). Geographical variation in response rates is typical of studies conducted at ISR. Considerable variation in response rates has been found for provincial telephone surveys (Bates, 1984), national telephone surveys (Tibert, et al, 1986; and Bryant, Gold, Northrup and Stevenson, 1989), and national mail surveys (Northrup, 1985). Geographical variation in response rates has also been noted by American survey researchers (Dunkleberg and Day, 1973; Fitzgerald and Fuller, 1982; and Steeh, 1979). Most authors have noted that response rates are lower in larger urban areas. Not surprisingly, the response rate for the CPS was highest in the Atlantic Provinces and Saskatchewan, the provinces with the smallest proportions of their population residing in major urban centres; and lowest in Ontario and Quebec, the provinces with the largest proportion of their population residing in major urban centres. TABLE 3.3 NATIONAL AND PROVINCIAL RESPONSE RATES: CAMPAIGN PERIOD SURVEY Response Province Completions Refusals Rate Newfoundland 113 20 70 Prince Edward Island 127 44 66 Nova Scotia 109 31 71 New Brunswick 213 66 66 Quebec 835 612 49 Ontario 968 522 55 Manitoba 179 95 59 Saskatchewan 193 69 64 Alberta 446 194 63 British Columbia 426 233 58 CANADA 3,609 1,876 57 The number of completed interviews and the response rate for each of the 47 replicates is presented in Table 3.4. The mean number of completions for each replicate was 76.8 and the standard deviation was 11.4. There was considerably less variation in the response rate (mean = 57 and standard deviation = 6.1). The amount of variation in the response rate among the 47 replicates indicates that about half the variation in the number of completions resulted from the characteristics of the replicate (number of days in data collection, number of sample codes released and proportion of numbers that were eligible households). Of course variation in the number of completions and response rates among the replicates is exaggerated by the shorter data collection time period for the replicates released in the last days of the campaign. Six of the thirteen replicates having more than a five percent difference from the final response rate were in the last seven replicates released. It is reasonable to conclude that variations in response among the replicates will have minimal impact on analysis of events over the course of the campaign. More than half the interviews were completed on one of the first three call attempts and only a small number of completions required ten or more attempts (Table 3.1). The most calls made to complete a PES was 25. A minimum of 12 attempts, at various times of the day, evening and weekend, were made to each "ring no answer" in order to reduce the nonresponse from not at homes. Refusals were called a second time. A small number of first time refusers (44 or 1.5 percent) completed the survey on the second call. 3.4 Data Collection Procedures: Post Election Survey Cover sheets for the 3,609 completions were randomly ordered at the conclusion of the CPS so attempts to obtain PES interviews were not related to the completion date of the CPS. Calling for the PES started on November 23rd, 1988, two days after the election and continued until December 22nd, 1988. Sixty eight percent of the 2,922 respondents who completed the PES were interviewed in the 30 days after the election. Calling resumed after the Christmas break on January 3, 1989 and was completed on January 26th, 1989. 3.5 Reinterview Rates: Post Election Survey The final disposition of sample at the conclusion of the PES is presented in Table 3.5. Brief explanation of some of the result codes is in order. The "wrong number" result most likely represents incorrect interviewer dialings in the CPS. When called in the PES the "person" who answered the telephone (usually an operator, recorded messages indicating the number was not in service, or some other type of operator intercept) verified the interviewer reached the number they dialed, but clearly indicated that no one at that number was interviewed before the election. The "not traceable" cases resulted from an interviewer reaching the correct number and finding the respondent (or the household) had moved, getting an operator intercept noting that the number had been changed to unlisted, or other results that made it impossible to contact the respondent. The result "ill" indicated that the respondent was contacted but they, or more often another household member, reported that the respondent was either physically or mentally not capable of completing the interview. "Away" indicates that another household member indicated the respondent had moved to a second home for the winter months. Very few refusals were obtained in the PES and, as a result, the reinterview rate for the PES was high (81 percent). Reinterview rate was defined as the number of completed interviews divided by the number of respondents in the CPS times 100 percent. 1 TABLE 3.4 NUMBER OF COMPLETIONS AND RESPONSE RATE BY REPLICATE: CAMPAIGN PERIOD SURVEY Response Response Replicate Eligible Rate % Replicate Eligible Rate % 1 82 57 25 80 55 2 85 54 26 69 57 3 83 61 27 73 60 4 91 61 28 73 57 5 74 56 29 76 57 6 88 58 30 91 60 7 88 61 31 88 63 8 82 56 32 84 60 9 83 59 33 80 54 10 87 62 34 78 58 11 75 51 35 75 54 12 89 64 36 73 56 13 77 60 37 90 64 14 71 58 38 82 59 15 83 60 39 67 52 16 72 59 40 69 55 17 70 60 41 66 50 18 92 67 42 78 58 19 80 63 43 67 51 20 93 65 44 55 45 21 77 58 45 57 44 22 85 65 46 45 41 23 72 54 47 40 37 24 74 60 TOTAL 3609 57.0 1 TABLE 3.5 FINAL SAMPLE DISPOSITION: POST ELECTION SURVEY Result Number Percent Completion 2922 81.0 Refusals 321 8.9 Callback 167 4.6 Ill 16 .4 Away 14 .4 Deceased 5 .1 Not Traceable 60 1.7 Never Answered 39 1.1 Wrong Number 65 1.8 TOTAL 3609 100.0 There was less provincial variation in the response rate to the PES than there was in the CPS (Table 3.6). Also, the negative relationship between response rate and proportion of the population living in large urban centres is less well defined. Two of the least "urban" provinces have the lowest (Newfoundland) and highest response rates (PEI). Quebec continues to have the lowest rate but, it is much closer to the Ontario rate in the PES than in the CPS. The amount of variation among the number of completed interviews among the replicates is also less in the PES compared to the CPS (Table 3.7). This decrease in variation can be seen by comparing the means and standard deviations. The mean number of completions in the CPS is 76.8 and the standard deviation is 11.7 while the comparable figures for the PES are 62.2 and 9.2. (The decrease in the standard deviation between the PES and CPS exceeds the decrease in the mean number of completions.) Importantly, variation in the proportion of CPS respondents completing the PES (the response rate: 81 percent) is less than the variation in the number of completions among the replicates in both the CPS and PES. The standard deviation for this proportion is 5.4 (compared to 9.2 for PES and 13.7 for CPS). These figures indicate that variation in response rate over time is not likely to be a significant factor in explaining temporal variations in the data during the campaign. 1 TABLE 3.6 NATIONAL AND PROVINCIAL REINTERVIEW RATES: POST ELECTION SURVEY Province Completions Refusals Response Rate Newfoundland 90 9 80 Prince Edward Island 109 12 87 Nova Scotia 90 9 86 New Brunswick 172 22 83 Quebec 637 97 80 Ontario 783 84 83 Manitoba 145 14 82 Saskatchewan 162 15 84 Alberta 379 28 87 British Columbia 355 31 84 CANADA 2,922 321 83 3.6 Data Collection Procedures: Mailback Survey After the interviewer thanked the respondent for completing the post election survey they asked respondents to participate in a mail survey. Ninety percent of the 2,922 respondents to the PES provided a name and mailing address. (In a small number of cases the respondent provided only initials, or asked that the questionnaire be sent to their workplace.) These 2,635 people (.90 x 2,922) were the sample for the mail survey. In an effort to maximize response to the mail survey, questionnaires were sent out on a weekly basis during the conduct of the PES. Sending out the mailback survey once all of the post election interviews were completed (up to two months after the first respondents completed the PES) probably would have decreased the respondents' perceived salience of the mail survey and depressed the mailback reinterview rate. A reminder card was sent one week after the questionnaire. A second questionnaire was sent approximately three weeks after the reminder card and this questionnaire was followed by a telephone reminder. 1 TABLE 3.7 NUMBER OF COMPLETIONS BY REPLICATE Proportion of CPS Campaign Post Election Respondents Completing Replicate Period Survey Post Election Study 1 82 65 .79 2 85 75 .88 3 83 67 .81 4 91 65 .71 5 74 59 .80 6 88 70 .80 7 88 67 .76 8 82 67 .82 9 83 66 .80 10 87 73 .84 11 75 59 .79 12 89 65 .73 13 77 63 .82 14 71 56 .79 15 83 67 .81 16 72 52 .72 17 70 52 .74 18 92 68 .74 19 80 66 .82 20 93 76 .82 21 77 67 .87 22 85 71 .84 23 72 56 .78 24 74 60 .81 25 80 62 .77 26 69 55 .80 27 73 60 .82 28 73 57 .78 29 76 69 .91 30 91 75 .82 31 88 78 .89 32 84 65 .77 33 80 66 .82 34 78 62 .79 35 75 57 .76 36 73 62 .85 37 90 79 .88 38 82 66 .80 39 67 59 .88 40 69 50 .72 41 66 50 .76 42 78 67 .86 43 67 57 .85 44 55 49 .89 45 57 48 .84 46 45 44 .98 47 40 33 .82 TOTAL 3,609 2,922 .81 3.7 Mailback Reinterview Rate The mailback reinterview rate was 80 percent, 2,115 of the 2,635 respondents who provided an address returned a questionnaire. The provincial pattern of response noted for the CPS and the PES is also present for the mail survey. Table 3.8 depicts the percentage distribution of completions for each survey wave. 3.8 Cumulative Response Rate for All Survey Waves When conducting analysis that includes data from the PES survey and the mailback survey, it is important to note that overall response rate is the product of the response rate to the CPS (57) times the response rate to the PES (83) times the response rate to the mailback survey (80) or 39 percent. Researchers have noted that attrition from panel studies is not random (Waterton and Lievesley, 1986; Powers and Blytena, 1972; Parnes, 1972; and Streib, 1966). However, methods of compensation for missing observations are available (Kalton, 1986). TABLE 3.8 PROVINCIAL DISTRIBUTION OF COMPLETED INTERVIEWS AS PRESENTED IN SAMPLE DESIGN AND BY SURVEY WAVE Original Sample Design Campaign Period Post Election Mailback Province Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Nfld. 100 2.9 113 3.1 90 3.1 68 3.2 P.E.I. 100 2.9 127 3.5 109 3.7 85 4.0 N.S. 100 2.9 100 3.0 90 3.1 66 3.1 N.B. 200 5.7 213 5.9 172 5.9 134 6.3 Quebec 900 25.7 835 23.1 637 21.8 452 21.4 Ontario 900 25.7 968 26.8 783 26.8 565 26.7 Manitoba 200 5.7 179 5.0 145 5.0 98 4.6 Sask. 200 5.7 193 5.3 162 5.5 119 5.6 Alberta 400 11.4 446 12.4 379 13.0 272 12.9 B.C. 400 11.4 426 11.8 355 12.1 256 12.1 TOTAL 3,500 100.00 3,609 100.00 2,422 100.00 2,115 100.00 1 4 DATA PROCESSING NOTES 4.1 Introduction This section of the technical documentation provides a variable description list as well as a map of variables as they appear on the raw data and SPSSx system file. Comment on the CATI experiments and the occupation coding is also provided. Note that the variable names in the SPSSx program code are in upper case, though in the original CATI instrument, the item numbers/names are in lower case. The PES variable names are prefixed with an "X" and the mailback with a `2'. 4.2 CATI Experiments Utilizing Random Numbers CATI facilities were used to vary item wording and order in both the CPS and the PES. An example of a wording experiment is instructive. There were four versions of the Meech Lake Accord item (L4A - L4D) in the CPS. The first version of the item is presented below. Now I would like to ask you about the Meech Lake Accord, reached last year between the federal and provincial governments. Do you support or oppose it? The second version of the item, after the opening comment but before the question, included the following stimulus: "Under this accord, Quebec is recognized as a distinct society". The third included: "Under this accord, the government of Quebec has agreed to accept the new Constitution of Canada, as the other provinces did in 1981. The fourth included: "Under this accord the powers of the provincial government are strengthened in various ways". The responses for the item, which were the same in all four versions, were "support", "neither support or oppose", "oppose", "don't know", and "refused". Which version of the item the respondent was given depended on the value of random number 4 (identified in the data set as (RN4). In the example above RN4 had a value of "0", "1", "2", or "3". During the conduct of the interview CATI would, on the basis of the value of RN4, present the interviewer with the appropriate version of the Meech Lake Accord item (e.g., if RN4 was 1 then the interviewer read the "distinct society" version of the item to the respondent). The values for each random number, associated with each of the CATI experiments, were assigned to each telephone number in the sample before the interviewing commenced. (Because not all telephone numbers in the sample resulted in a completed interview the proportions of the sample receiving each version of the item may not be identical.) Examination of the frequency distribution for items containing experiments should be informed by the distribution for each version of the item. The variable label for each item containing wording experiments includes the random number. Tabulation of the item by the random number (a cross- tabulation) will detail the marginal distribution to each version of the experimental item. Items employing the use of random numbers include: L2 Free Trade Agreement With U.S.*RN1' L2A1 How Feel>Canada Lose Control Economy*RN2' L2A2 How Feel> Hard Maintain Social Pgms*RN2' L2A3 How Feel> Cdns Lose Jobs*RN2' L2B1 How Feel> Defend Against US Protection*RN3' L2B2 How Feel> Lower Cost of Goods Needed*RN3' L4A Support Meech Lake Accord or Oppose*RN4' L4B Meech Lake> Quebec Distinct Society*RN4' L4C Meech Lake> Quebec Accept Constitution*RN4' L4D Meech Lake> Prov Powers Strengthened*RN4' L6A Opinion>3 Positions on Abortion*RN14,RN5' L6B Opinion>3 Positions on Abortion*RN14,RN5' L8 Official Languages Act>Extend Serv.*RN12' L9 Nuclear Submarines for the Navy*RN6' XF4A Opinion> 3 Positions on Abortion*XRN14' XF4B Opinion> 3 Positions on Abortion*XRN14' Question order randomization was included in the CPS and the PES. For example, the questions on vote intention were asked either very early in the survey or near the end just before the sociodemographic items were asked. As with the wording experiments, a random number is associated with the experimentation. Order randomization in the CPS was repeated in the PES. Order randomization experiments include: Campaign Period Survey section b vote intentions RN7 D2A-D2J leader, party and candidate ratings RN8 D3A-D5B impression of party leaders RN9 D6A-D7C impressions of candidates RN11 section f strategic contingencies RN10 16A-16B abortion RN14 Post Election Survey E2A-E2I leader, party and candidate ratings XRN8 F4A-F4B abortion XRN14 G1A-G3D impression of party leaders XRN9 I1A-I3C impressions of candidates XRN11 L1A-L2E free trade XRN7 L8A-L10A party leaders promised to spend XRN9 4.3 Variable Description List The variable name is capitalized and to the left in the following list. The items used in the three surveys are listed in the following sequence. Items that describe the respondent, regardless of the survey wave they were collected in, are listed first. Information collected in the telephone surveys follows. These items are grouped in general catagories which are ordered alphabetically. Finally, items included in the mailback survey are listed in the order in which they appear in the questionnaire. 4.31 Sampling and Study Procedures and Information Describing the Respondent Sampling and study procedures for CPS IDNUM Respondent Identification Number PROVINCE Province of Interview REPLICAT Sample Replicate Code SAMPLE Sample Code OVER Over Sample AREACODE Telephone Area Code INTDATE Date of Interview INTNUM Interviewer's Number ATTEMPTS Total Call Attempts REFUSALS Number of Refusals Before Completion CONTACTS Total Times Respondent Contacted ANSWERS Number of Times Telephone Answered INTIME Length of Interview RESULT Result Code INTLANG Language of Interview Sampling and study procedures for PES XPROV Province of Interview XREPLIC Sample Replicate Code XSAMPLE Sample Code XOVER Over Sample XAREACOD Telephone Area Code XINTDATE Date of Interview XINTNUM Interviewer's Number XATTEMPT Total Call Attempts XREFUSAL Number of Refusals Before Completion XCONTACT Total times Respondent Contacted XANSWER Number of Times Telephone Answered XINTIME Length of Interview XRESULT Result Code XINTLANG Language of Interview Sampling and study procedures for Mailback Survey MAILID Mail Identification Number ZINTLANG Language of Interview Sampling and study procedures: created variables to describe the data INTYPE Type of Interview LINK Telephone/Mailback Link Indicator FRANCO Francophone Respondent WT1 National Weight - Includes Over Sample WT2 Province Weight - Includes Over Sample WT3 Atlantic Weight - Includes Over Sample WT4 Prairie Weight - Includes Over Sample WT5 National Weight - Excludes Over Sample WT6 Province Weight - Excludes Over Sample WT7 Atlantic Weight - Excludes Over Sample Personal information concerning respondent in CPS RSEX Respondent's Gender N1 Year of Birth N2 Marital Status N11 Religious Affiliation N11A Church or Denomination N12 How Often Attend Place of Worship N13 Country of Birth N14 Year Come to Live in Canada N15 Ethnic or Cultural Group N16 Language First Learned & Still Understand N18 Also Carry on a Conversation in French Personal information concerning respondent in PES XRSEX Respondent's Gender XN1 Year of Birth XN2 Country of Birth Personal information concerning respondent in Mailback Survey ZRSEX Respondent's Gender YRBIRTH Respondent's Year of Birth Residence Information in CPS NADULTS Number of Adults in Hhld N17 Language Usually Speak at Home N20 # of Children Under 18 Live in Home Education/occupation/income for CPS N3 Highest Level of Education Completed N4 Any Schooling Obtain in Religious School N5 Employment Status N6 Occupation-Stats Canada Code N7 Self-Employed or Work for Someone Else N8 Work for Private Firm or Government N8A Work for Federal/Provincial/Local Gov't N9 Belong to Labour Union N10 Out of Work/Laid Off During Last Year N19 Total Family Income BLISH81 Occupation> Blishen 1981 SES PINPOR81 Occupation> Pineo-Porter 1981 Category 4.32 Items Collected in the Telephone Surveys Campaign activities in CPS K1 Contacted By Local Candidates/P.Workers K1A Which Party Candidate From-1st Mention K1B Which Party Candidate From-2nd Mention K1C Which Party Candidate From-3rd Mention K2 Contacted in Other Way By The Parties K2A Contacted in Other Way-1st Mention K2B Contacted in Other Way-2nd Mention K2C Contacted in Other Way-3rd Mention M1 Past Week>Discussed Politics With Others M2 Past Week> Helped a Party's Campaign Campaign activities in PES XC1 During Campaign> Discuss Politics>Others XC2 During Campaign> Help a Party XC2A During Campaign> Party Helped XC3 During Campaign> Contacted by Candidates XC3A During Campaign> Party Contacted By XC4 During Campaign> Pamphlet Left in Mail XC4A During Campaign> Party Left Pamphlet XC5 See Last TV Debate Among Party Leaders XC5A Leader Performed the Best in Debate XC5B Leader Performed the Worst in Debate XC6 Past Year> Asked to Give Money to Party XC6A Past Year> Which Party Asked for Money XC7 Did Give Money to a Candidate or Party XC7A Which Candidate or Party Give Money To Candidate traits in PES XI1A PC Candidate> Make Good Cabinet Minister XI1B PC Candidate> A Real Conservative XI1C PC Candidate>Look After Interests-Riding XI2A LIB Candidate>Make Good Cabinet Minister XI2B LIB Candidate> A Real Liberal XI2C LIB Candidate>Look After Interest-Riding XI3A NDP Candidate>Make Good Cabinet Minister XI3B NDP Candidate> A Real New Democrat XI3C NDP Candidate>Look After Interest-Riding Constituency verification in PES XM1 Name of Riding in Which Respondent Lives XM2 Remember Name> PC Candidate in Riding XM3 Remember Name> Lib Candidate in Riding XM4 Remember Name> NDP Candidate in Riding Federal party identification in CPS I1 Federal Party Identification I2 How Strongly Federal Party Identification I3 A Little Closer to One Federal Party I4 Which Federal Party Closer To Federal party identification in PES XL4 Federal Party Identification XL5 How Strongly Federal Party Identification XL6 A Little Closer to One Federal Party XL7 Which Federal Party Closer To Government performance in CPS J1 PC Gov't More Honest Than Prior Liberal J1AB Much/Somewhat More/Less Honest J2 PC Gov't Done Promote Que Than Liberal J2A Increase of Effort Promote Que Interests J2B Decrease of Effort Promote Que Interests J3 PC Gov't Done Promote West Than Liberal J3A Increase Effort Promote West Interests J3B Decrease Effort Promote West Interests J4 Rate PC Gov't Protection of Environment Group identification in PES XH1 Rating> How Feel About Farmers XH2 Rating> How Feel About the Poor XH3 Rating> How Feel About English Canadians XH4 Rating> How Feel About Small Business XH5 Rating> How Feel About Ethnic Minorities XH6 Rating> How Feel About Labour Unions XH7 Rating> How Feel About Native Peoples XH8 Rating> How Feel About the Elderly XH9 Rating> How Feel About Feminist Groups XH10 Rating> How Feel About French Canadians XH11 Rating> How Feel About Americans Group mobilization in PES XJ1A Ever Been Active in a Union XJ1B Contacted by Union re Supporting a Party XJ1C Contacted by Union> Support Which Party XJ2A Belong to an Ethnic or Cultural Organizn XJ2B Actively Involved in Ethnic/Cultural Org XJ2C Contacted by E/C re Supporting a Party XJ2D Contacted by E/C> Support Which Party XJ3A Belong to Service Club/Trade Association XJ3B Actively Involved in Service Club, etc. XJ3C Contacted by Club re Supporting a Party XJ3D Contacted by Club> Support Which Party XJ4A Belong to "Concerned" Org. XJ4B Actively Involved in "Concerned" Org. XJ4C Contacted by Org. re Supporting a Party XJ4D Contacted by Org.> Support Which Party XJ5A Hear Anyone From Church Talk of Issues XJ5B Was Talk at Church About Free Trade XJ5C Was Talk at Church About Abortion XJ6A Work For Company Held Info re F.Trade XJ6B People in Charge of Meeting For/Against XJ7A Member of a Federal Political Party XJ7B Which Federal Party Are You a Member Of Group responsibility in PES XK1 Government Should Do For> Farmers XK2 Government Should Do For> the Poor XK3 Government Should Do For> English Cdns XK4 Government Should Do For> Small Business XK5 Government Should Do For>Ethnic Minority XK6 Government Should Do For> Single-Parent XK7 Government Should Do For> Native Peoples XK8 Government Should Do For> the Elderly XK9 Government Should Do For> Women XK10 Government Should Do For> French Cdns Issues, interest and media in the CPS A1 Interested in Federal Election Campaign A2 # Days in Past Week Watch News on T.V. A2A Main Source of News> CBC A2B Attention Paid to Campaign News on T.V. A3 See TV Commercials for a Political Party A4 # Days in Past Week Read Daily Newspaper A4A Daily Newspaper Read Most>Natnl Politics A4B Attention Paid to Campaign News Articles A5A Issues Party Leaders Talking About-1st A5B Issues Party Leaders Talking About-2nd A5C Issues Party Leaders Talking About-3rd A5D Issues Party Leaders Talking About-4th A6 See Last TV Debate Among Party Leaders A6A Leader Performed the Best in Debate A6B Leader Performed the Worst in Debate A7 Pay Much Attention to Politics Generally Issues, interest and media in the PES XA1 Interested in Federal Election Campaign XA2 Attention Paid to Campaign News on T.V. XA3 Attention Paid to Campaign News Articles XA4A Issues Party Leaders Talked About - 1st XA4B Issues Party Leaders Talked About - 2nd XA4C Issues Party Leaders Talked About - 3rd XA4D Issues Party Leaders Talked About - 4th XA5A Candidates/Parties Discuss> Free Trade XA5B Which Party Discuss> Free Trade Agreemnt XA6A Candidates/Parties Discuss> Meech Lake XA6B Which Party Discuss> Meech Lake Accord XA7A Candidates/Parties Discuss> Abortion XA7B Which Party Discuss> Abortion XA8A Candidates/Parties Discuss> F18 Contract XA8B Which Party Discuss> F18 Canadair in Mtl XA9A Candidates/Parties Discuss>Official Lang XA9B Which Party Discuss> Official Lang Act Leader, party, candidate evaluation in CPS D1A Know How Much About> Brian Mulroney D1B Know How Much About> John Turner D1C Know How Much About> Ed Broadbent D1D PC's Nominated a Candidate in Riding D1DA Know How Much About> PC Candidate D1E Lib.'s Nominated a Candidate in Riding D1EA Know How Much About> Liberal Candidate D1F NDP Nominated a Candidate in Riding D1FA Know How Much About> NDP Candidate D2A Rating> Brian Mulroney D2B Rating> John Turner D2C Rating> Ed Broadbent D2D Rating> Conservative Party D2E Rating> Liberal Party D2F Rating> New Democratic Party D2G Rating> Conservative Candidate D2H Rating> Liberal Candidate D2I Rating> NDP Candidate D3A Impression> MULRONEY> Intelligent D3B Impression> MULRONEY> Trustworthy D3C Impression> MULRONEY> Man of Vision D3D Impression> MULRONEY> Compassionate D3E Impression> MULRONEY> Knowledgeable D3F Impression> MULRONEY> Moral D3G Impression> MULRONEY> Strong Leadership D3H Impression> MULRONEY> Really Cares D4A Impression> TURNER> Intelligent D4B Impression> TURNER> Trustworthy D4C Impression> TURNER> Man of Vision D4D Impression> TURNER> Compassionate D4E Impression> TURNER> Knowledgeable D4F Impression> TURNER> Moral D4G Impression> TURNER> Strong Leadership D4H Impression> TURNER> Really Cares D5A Impression> BROADBENT> Intelligent D5B Impression> BROADBENT> Trustworthy D5C Impression> BROADBENT> Man of Vision D5D Impression> BROADBENT> Compassionate D5E Impression> BROADBENT> Knowledgeable D5F Impression> BROADBENT> Moral D5G Impression> BROADBENT> Strong Leadership D5H Impression> BROADBENT> Really Cares D6A PC Candidate> Make Good Cabinet Minister D6B PC Candidate> A Real Conservative D6C PC Candidate>Look After Interests-Riding D7A LIB Candidate>Make Good Cabinet Minister D7B LIB Candidate> A Real Liberal D7C LIB Candidate>Look After Interest-Riding D8A NDP Candidate>Make Good Cabinet Minister D8B NDP Candidate> A Real New Democrat D8C NDP Candidate>Look After Interest-Riding D9 Candidate Already Your MP D9A Which Candidate Already Your MP D10A Ever Attended Meeting Where MP Spoke D10B Ever Received Something in Mail From MP D10C Ever Read About MP in Newspaper/Magazine D10D Ever Heard MP on the Radio D10E Ever Seen MP on TV D10F Ever Met MP Personally D10G Ever Talked to Member/Office of MP D11A Talked to M/O: to Express an Opinion D11B Talked to M/O: to Seek Information D11C Talked to M/O: Seek Help With Problem D11D Satisfaction With Response From M/O D12 Name of Riding in Which Respondent Lives D13 Remember Name> PC Candidate in Riding D14 Remember Name> Lib Candidate in Riding D15 Remember Name> NDP Candidate in Riding Leader, party, candidate evaluation in PES XE1A Know How Much About> Brian Mulroney XE1B Know How Much About> John Turner XE1C Know How Much About> Ed Broadbent XE1D Know How Much About> PC Candidate XE1E Know How Much About> Liberal Candidate XE1F Know How Much About> NDP Candidate XE2A Rating> Brian Mulroney XE2B Rating> John Turner XE2C Rating> Ed Broadbent XE2D Rating> Conservative Party XE2E Rating> Liberal Party XE2F Rating> New Democratic Party XE2G Rating> Conservative Candidate XE2H Rating> Liberal Candidate XE2I Rating> NDP Candidate XG1A Impression> MULRONEY> Intelligent XG1B Impression> MULRONEY> Trustworthy XG1C Impression> MULRONEY> Strong Leadership XG1D Impression> MULRONEY> Really Cares XG2A Impression> TURNER> Intelligent XG2B Impression> TURNER> Trustworthy XG2C Impression> TURNER> Strong Leadership XG2D Impression> TURNER> Really Cares XG3A Impression> BROADBENT> Intelligent XG3B Impression> BROADBENT> Trustworthy XG3C Impression> BROADBENT> Strong Leadership XG3D Impression> BROADBENT> Really Cares XL8A Mulroney> Promise Spend More Cdn Afford XL9A Turner> Promise Spend More Cdn Afford XL10A Broadbent>Promise Spend More Cdn Afford National economic conditions in CPS G1 Past Year> Economy of the Country G1AB Much/Somewhat Better/Worse Economy G2 Next 12 Months> Economy of the Country G3 Fed Policies Influence Country's Econ G3AB Much/Somewhat Better/Worse Influence Personal financial conditions in CPS C1 Better/Worse Off Financially Than Yr Ago C1AB Much/Somewhat Better/Worse Than Yr Ago C2 Better/Worse Off Financially Yr From Now C2AB Much/Somewhat Better/Worse Yr From Now C3 Economic Policies of Fed Govt Made You: C4 Tax System Changes Mean Income UP/DOWN Provincial economic conditions in CPS E1 Past Year>Economic Condition in Province E1A Economic Conditions> How Much Better E1B Economic Conditions> How Much Worse E2 Federal Economic Policies Influence Prov E2A Fed. Economic Policies> How Much Better E2B Fed. Economic Policies> How Much Worse Self/other placements in CPS H1A How Much Shld Be Done Promote French H1B Liberals> Think Be Done Promote French H1C PC> Think Should Be Done Promote French H1D NDP> Think Should Be Done Promote French H1E Mulroney> Think Be Done Promote French H1F Turner> Think Be Done to Promote French H1G Broadbent> Think Be Done Promote French H2A Think Canada Shld Have Closer Ties to US H2B Liberal Party> Canada Shld Be Closer- US H2C PC Party> Canada Should Be Closer to US H2D NDP> Canada Should Be Closer to the US H2E Mulroney> Canada Should Be Closer to US H2F Turner> Canada Should Be Closer to US H2G Broadbent> Canada Should Be Closer to US H3 How Much Power Should Trade Unions Have H4A Had to Choose> Level of Taxes & Services H4B Liberal Party> Level of Taxes & Services H4C PC Party> Level of Taxes & Services H4D NDP> Level of Taxes & Services H4E Mulroney> Level of Taxes & Services H4F Turner> Level of Taxes & Services H4G Broadbent> Level of Taxes & Services H5 Use Labels to Describe Politics H5A Where Place Self: Left/Centre/Right Strategic contingencies in CPS F1A PC Chances> Winning in Your Riding F1B Lib Chances> Winning in Your Riding F1C NDP Chances> Winning in Your Riding F2A PC Chances> Winning in Whole Country F2B Lib Chances> Winning in Whole Country F2C NDP Chances> Winning in Whole Country F3 Past Week> Heard/Read Polls re Parties Voting in CPS B1 Expect to Vote in the Upcoming Election B2 Party Think Will Vote For B3 Not Made Up Mind> Party Leaning Toward B4 Party Definitely Do Not Want To Vote For B5 Final Choice, or May Still Change Mind B6 Vote in Last Federal Election - 1984 B7 Party Voted For> Last Federal Election B8 Vote in Last Provincial Election B9 Party Voted For>Last Provincial Election B10 Support or Oppose Quebec Independence Voting in PES XB1 Did You Vote in This Election XB2 Party Voted For in This Election XB2A How Strong Preference for Party XB2B When Decide Going to Vote For Party XB3A If Had Voted, What Party Voted For XB3B How Strong Preference for Party XB4 Election Day> Party Think Win in Riding XB4A Election Day> Party Think 2nd in Riding XB5 Election Day> Party Think Win in Country XB5A Election Day> Party Think 2nd in Country 4.33 Items Included in Mailback Survey QA1 Price Canadians Pay For Energy Shld Be: QA2 Best Way to Prevent Energy Shortages Is: QA3 Big Energy Projects Are: QA4 Fact Some Regions in Canada Are Poorer: QA5 Farmers/Fishermen Not Make Living Shld: QA6 Native People Large Amt Self-Government: QA7 French-Canadians Outside Quebec: QA8 English-Canadians Who Move to Quebec: QA9 Business in Quebec Should : QA10 Adults Be Prevented Buying Pornographic: QA11 As General Rule, The Government Should: QA12 Only Hospital R.C.,Required Do Abortion: QA13 Owner of Ethnic Restaurant Hire: QB1 Cut Deficit> Reduce Spending on Univ. QB2 Cut Deficit> Harder Get Unemployment Ins QB3 Cut Deficit> Allow Doctors Bill Directly QB4 Cut Deficit> Allow Hospitals Bill Direct QB5 Cut Deficit>Family Allow Low Income Only QB6 Cut Deficit> Reduce Welfare Payments QB7 Cut Deficit> CBC Accept More Advertising QB8 Cut Deficit> Reduce Amt Granted to CBC QB9 Cut Deficit> Reduce Spending on the Arts QB10 Cut Deficit> Sell CNR to Private Invest QB11 Cut Deficit> Sell Petro-Can to Private QB12 Cut Deficit> Reduce the Defence Budget QB13 Cut Deficit> Reduce Farmers' Subsidies QB14 Cut Deficit> Reduce Regional Sub-Indust QB15 Cut Deficit> Increase Sales Tax QB16 Cut Deficit> Increase Rate Personal Tax QB17 Cut Deficit> Increase Rate Corporate Tax QC1 Comes to Making Decisions in Industry: QC2 The Profit System: QC3 System of Private Enterprise Abolished: QC4 Unskilled Worker Receive Wages That Are: QC5 Workers and Management: QC6 Getting Ahead in World Mostly Matter Of: QC7 A Person's Wage Should Depend On: QC8 People Fail At One Thing&Another Means: QC9 Most Business Executives: QC10 Strikes to Improve Wages/Working Cond: QC11 Businesses Allowed Make Much Money Can: QC12 Land&Natural Resources This Country Be: QC13 Government Regulation of Business: QC14 Working People In This Country Get: QC15 People Not Work Hard on Job Because: QC16 Taxes> Corporations and Wealthy People: QC17 Competition> School, Work or Business: QD1 Bible Actual Word of God, Take Literally QD2 All Created Equal But Some Better Others QD3 Independent Canada Even If Lower Living QD4 Public Money Not Used Religious Schools QD5 Duty of the Strong to Protect the Weak QD6 Canada Always Have Special With Britain QD7 Religious Schls Get Funds, Continue Get QD8 Socialism Be Better Than What Have Now QE1 Everyone Be Better Off If More Women: QE2 People Always Trying to Reform Things: QE3 Sweeping Reforms in Complicated Society: QE4 Society Today, Too Much Emphasis Placed: QE5 Before All Else,Our Institutions Should: QE6 Which is Closer to Your Opinion: QE7 When You Get Right Down To It Canada Is: QE8 Society Today, Too Little Emphasis On: QE9 Ordinances>Equal Rights to Homosexuals: QE10 Your Own View> Decide What Published QE11 Woman Makes Less Than Man, Same Work: QE12 Holds Position of Great Responsibility: QE13 Prov Law Conflicts Charter, Final Say QF1 Capital Punishment Never Justified QF2 New Immigrants Make Canada Better Place QF3 Not Want Join Union, Still Pay Dues QF4 Religion Is An Important Part of My Life QF5 Native People Be Completely Assimilated QF6 Canada Has Two Founding Peoples>BRIT/FR QF7 Public Money For Schl to Any Religious QF8 Canada Needs More US Investment QF9 Protect Env. More Imp Than Creating Jobs QF10 Canada Encourage Immigration> Like Us QF11 No Amt Money Get Me to Move to the USA QG1 Do You Think That People Running Gov't: QG2 Think That People in the Government: QG3 Trust Gov't In Ottawa Do What Is Right: QG4 Do You Feel That People Running Gov't: QH1 Goal> Maintain High Rate Economic Growth QH2 Goal> Country Has Strong Defence Forces QH3 Goal>People Have More Say-Work/Community QH4 Goal> Make Cities/Countryside Beautiful QH5 Goal> Maintaining Order in the Nation QH6 Goal> Give People More Say Gov Decisions QH7 Goal> Fighting Rising Prices QH8 Goal> Protecting Freedom of Speech QH9 Goal> Maintaining a Stable Economy QH10 Goal>Less Impersonal,More Humane Society QH11 Goal> The Fight Against Crime QH12 Goal>Society=Ideas Count More Than Money 1 4.4 Map of Variables Record 1 Record 2 Record 3 Record 4 Record 5 -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- IDNUM RN1 to RSEX D3A to D15 F2C PROVINCE RN14 NADULTS E1 to E2B F3 REPLICAT A1 to A7 F1A to F2B G1 to G3AB SAMPLE B1 to B10 H1A to H5A OVER C1 to C4 I1 to I4 AREACODE D1 to D2I J1 to J4 INTDATE K1A to K2C INTNUM L2 to L14 ATTEMPTS M1 CONTACTS ANSWERS INTIME RESULT Record 6 Record 7 Record 8 Record 9 Record 10 -------- -------- -------- -------- --------- M2 XPROV XRN1 to XRSEX XE2E to XE2I N1 to N20 XREPLICAT XRN14 XA1 to XA9B XF1 to XF8 INTLANG XSAMPLE XB1 to XB5A XG1 to XG3D INTEREST XOVER XC1 to XC7A XH1 to XH11 LENGTH XAREACOD XE1A to XE2D XI1A to XI2C A5A to A5D XINTDATE L1A to L1D XINTNUM XATTEMPT XREFUSAL XCONTACT XANSWER XINTIME XRESULT Record 11 Record 12 Record 13 Record 14 Record 15 --------- --------- --------- --------- --------- XI3A to XI3C XA4A to XA4D MAILID QF1 to QF11 INPRE XJ1A to XJ7B XF1A to XF1D ZINTLANG QG1 to QG4 INPOST XK1 to XK10 QA1 to QA13 QH1 to QH12 INMAIL XL1 to XL10A QB1 to QB17 ZRSEX INTYPE XM1 to XM4 QC1 to QC17 YRBIRTH LINK XN1 to XN2 QD1 to QD8 COMMENTS BLISH81 XINTERES QE1 to QE13 PINPOR81 XLENGTH FRANCO XINTLANG WT1 to WT7 4.5 Occupation Codebook "N6" Each respondent in the Campaign Period of the National Election Survey was asked his or her main occupation (N6). The open-ended text was then coded into a 4-digit occupation category using the text "Standard Occupational Classification, 1980", Statistics Canada, 1981. If the respondent refused an answer to item "N5", current labour force status, the occupation code was left blank. The codebook for the 1980 occupation classifications is contained in this section. Appended to each occupation is a socio-economic index score. These indices are commonly referred to as "Blishen Scores" and are based on the male labour force population who reported an occupation in the 1981 Canadian Census. The development of the scale is reported in Blishen, Carroll and Moore, (1987). Another well-known socio-economic index was developed by Pineo Porter and McRoberts (1977) based on the 1971 Canadian Census. This index was updated in 1985 to reflect the 1981 Census and is reported in McMaster University (1985). The data file contains two socio-economic indices. The Blishen Scores are contained in the variable "BLISH81" and are identical to those shown in the detailed codebook. The Pineo/Porter/McRoberts scores are contained in the variable "PINPOR81". The full set of SPSSx recode statements used to create these two indices is available from the Institute on request. Listing of Occupations by Occupational Classification Number, CCDO 1980 with accompanying Blishen Socio-Economic Index Score, 1981 Classification Occupational Classification Socio-Economic Number 1980 Score Blishen 1981 1111 Members of legislative bodies 55.08 1113 Government administrators 66.84 1115 Post office management 38.19 1116 Inspectors and regulatory officers,government 56.42 1119 Officials and administrators unique to government:n.e.c. 59.94 1130 General managers and other senior officials 71.62 1131 Management:natural sciences and engineering 79.23 1132 Management:social sciences and related fields 62.53 1133 Administrators in teaching and related fields 78.34 1134 Administrators in medicine and health 68.89 1135 Financial management 60.65 1136 Personnel and industrial relations management 62.87 1137 Sales and advertising management 50.07 1141 Purchasing management 50.83 1142 Services management 40.99 1143 Production management 57.57 1145 Management:construction operations 55.91 1146 Farm management 32.06 1147 Management:transport and communications operations 61.01 1151 Other management:mines and oil wells 66.39 1152 Other management:durable goods manufacture 56.56 1153 Other management:non-durable goods manufacture 54.91 1154 Other management:construction 49.40 1155 Other management:transportation and communication 56.38 1156 Other management:trade 47.79 1157 Other management:service 52.49 1158 Other management:other industries 56.83 1171 Accountants,auditors and other financial officers 59.44 1173 Organization and methods analysts 65.98 1174 Personnel and related officers 57.19 1175 Purchasing officers+buyers,except wholesale+retail trade 52.23 1176 Inspectors and regulatory officers:n.e.c. 52.51 1179 Related to management and administration:n.e.c. 57.55 2111 Chemists 63.47 2112 Geologists 71.01 2113 Physicists 73.00 2114 Meteorologists 70.66 2117 Physical sciences:technologists and technicians 54.05 2119 Physical sciences:n.e.c. 41.81 2131 Agriculturists and related scientists 62.19 2133 Biologists and related scientists 65.63 2135 Life sciences:technologists and technicians 52.86 2139 Life sciences:n.e.c. 51.01 2141 Architects 68.12 2142 Chemical engineers 72.47 2143 Civil engineers 71.70 2144 Electrical engineers 70.48 2145 Industrial engineers 64.07 2146 Agricultural engineers 64.22 2147 Mechanical engineers 68.37 2151 Metallurgical engineers 71.05 2153 Mining engineers 72.80 2154 Petroleum engineers 74.67 2155 Aerospace engineers 65.79 2156 Nuclear engineers 75.44 2157 Community planners 65.11 2159 Professional engineers:n.e.c. 70.27 2160 Supervisors:other occup. in architecture and engineering 62.97 2161 Surveyors 46.22 2163 Draughting 53.83 2164 Architectural technologists and technicians 55.82 2165 Engineering technologists and technicians 56.57 2169 Other occupations in architecture and engineering:n.e.c. 35.47 2181 Mathematicians,statisticians and actuaries 61.91 2183 Systems analysts,computer programmers and related 60.73 2189 Mathematics,statistics,systems analysis + related:n.e.c. 48.24 2311 Economists 69.18 2313 Sociologists,anthropologists + related social scientists 63.09 2315 Psychologists 65.36 2319 Social sciences:n.e.c. 49.87 2331 Social workers 60.11 2333 Welfare and community services 36.89 2339 Social work and related fields:n.e.c. 44.39 2341 Judges and magistrates 93.27 2343 Lawyers and notaries 75.60 2349 In law and jurisprudence:n.e.c. 48.72 2350 Supervisors:library,museum and archival sciences 57.97 2351 Librarians,archivists and conservators 55.40 2353 Technicians in library,museum and archival sciences 51.11 2359 Library,museum and archival sciences:n.e.c. 37.70 2391 Educational and vocational counsellors 67.61 2399 Other social sciences and related fields:n.e.c. 51.54 2511 Ministers of religion 52.84 2513 Nuns and brothers 42.17 2519 Religion:n.e.c. 43.27 2711 University teachers 75.87 2719 University teaching and related:n.e.c. 46.83 2731 Elementary and kindergarten teachers 63.64 2733 Secondary school teachers 70.19 2739 Elementary and secondary school teaching+related:n.e.c. 43.38 2791 Community college and vocational school teachers 66.03 2792 Fine arts school teachers:n.e.c. 40.93 2793 Post-secondary school teachers:n.e.c. 67.05 2795 Teachers of exceptional students:n.e.c. 58.09 2797 Instructors and training officers:n.e.c. 49.94 2799 Other teaching and related:n.e.c. 53.23 3111 Physicians and surgeons 101.32 3113 Dentists 101.74 3115 Veterinarians 72.24 3117 Osteopaths and chiropractors 70.24 3119 Health diagnosing and treating:n.e.c. 57.21 3130 Supervisors:nursing,therapy and related assisting 63.51 3131 Nurses,registered,graduate and nurses-in-training 55.26 3132 Orderlies 38.68 3134 Registered nursing assistants 46.51 3135 Nursing attendants 33.60 3136 Audio and speech therapists 62.36 3137 Physiotherapists 56.56 3138 Occupational therapists 55.23 3139 Nursing,therapy and related assisting:n.e.c. 40.44 3151 Pharmacists 64.39 3152 Dietitians and nutritionists 59.31 3153 Optometrists 79.63 3154 Dispensing opticians 48.55 3155 Radiological technologists and technicians 56.78 3156 Medical laboratory technologists and technicians 55.79 3157 Denturists 59.02 3158 Dental hygienists and dental assistants 45.02 3161 Dental laboratory technicians 45.15 3162 Respiratory technicians 59.05 3169 Other in medicine and health:n.e.c. 39.86 3311 Painters,sculptors and related artists 36.88 3313 Product and interior designers 43.47 3314 Advertising and illustrating artists 47.23 3315 Photographers and cameramen 44.66 3319 Fine + commercial art,photography+related fields:n.e.c. 40.57 3330 Producers and directors,performing and audio-visual arts 57.04 3331 Conductors,composers and arrangers 42.01 3332 Musicians and singers 36.58 3333 Music and musical entertainment related:n.e.c. 32.35 3334 Dancers and choreographers 32.94 3335 Actors/actresses 42.94 3337 Radio and television announcers 46.43 3339 Performing and audio-visual arts:n.e.c. 37.54 3351 Writers and editors 54.58 3355 Translators and interpreters 57.30 3359 Writing:n.e.c. 50.15 3360 Supervisors:sports and recreation 38.48 3370 Coaches,trainers,instructors + managers:sport+recreation 36.71 3371 Referees and related officials 23.77 3373 Athletes 40.36 3375 Attendants:sport and recreation 24.93 3379 Sport and recreation:n.e.c. 25.74 4110 Supervisors:stenographic and typing 46.00 4111 Secretaries and stenographers 41.82 4113 Typists and clerk-typists 38.47 4130 Supervisors:bookkeeping,account-recording and related 45.39 4131 Bookkeepers and accounting clerks 40.28 4133 Cashiers and tellers 28.31 4135 Insurance,bank and other finance clerks 40.51 4137 Statistical clerks 41.79 4139 Bookkeeping,account-recording and related:n.e.c. 40.23 4140 Supervisors:office machine and e.d.p.equipment operators 51.16 4141 Office machine operators 37.39 4143 Electronic data-processing equipment operators 41.93 4150 Supervisors:material recording,scheduling + distributing 44.50 4151 Production clerks 43.11 4153 Shipping and receiving clerks 34.11 4155 Stock clerks and related 35.46 4157 Weighers 32.07 4159 Material recording,scheduling and distributing:n.e.c. 31.89 4160 Supervisors:library,file + correspondence clerks+related 50.57 4161 Library and file clerks 34.85 4169 Library,file and correspondence clerks + related:n.e.c. 43.50 4170 Supervisors:reception,info.,mail + message distribution 46.46 4171 Receptionists and information clerks 35.04 4172 Mail carriers 42.29 4173 Mail and postal clerks 38.15 4175 Telephone operators 33.25 4177 Messengers 28.82 4179 Reception,information,mail+message distribution:n.e.c. 34.90 4190 Supervisors:other clerical and related:n.e.c. 47.88 4191 Collectors 43.10 4192 Claim adjusters 41.70 4193 Travel clerks,ticket,station,and freight agents 44.92 4194 Hotel clerks 31.63 4195 Personnel clerks 45.22 4197 General office clerks 37.93 4199 Other clerical and related:n.e.c. 39.01 5130 Supervisors:sales:commodities 41.01 5131 Technical sales and related advisers 57.89 5133 Commercial travellers 50.52 5135 Sales clerks and salespersons:commodities:n.e.c. 30.93 5141 Street vendors and door-to-door sales 29.95 5143 Newspaper carriers and vendors 17.81 5145 Service station attendants 21.47 5149 Sales:commodities:n.e.c. 29.16 5170 Supervisors:sales:services 56.44 5171 Insurance sales 50.18 5172 Real estate sales 49.99 5173 Sales agents and traders:securities 58.62 5174 Advertising sales 47.26 5177 Business services sales 52.09 5179 Sales:services:n.e.c. 44.56 5190 Supervisors:other sales 44.32 5191 Buyers,wholesale and retail trade 46.08 5193 Route drivers 35.73 5199 Other sales:n.e.c. 32.84 6111 Fire-fighting 51.17 6112 Police officers and detectives,government 58.78 6113 Police agents and investigators,private 46.60 6115 Guards and related security 31.95 6116 Commissioned officers,armed forces 62.19 6117 Other ranks,armed forces 41.69 6119 Protection service:n.e.c. 33.20 6120 Supervisors:food + beverage preparation+related service 34.64 6121 Chefs and cooks 25.56 6123 Bartenders 29.24 6125 Food and beverage serving 23.31 6129 Food and beverage preparation and related service:n.e.c. 26.52 6130 Supervisors:in lodging and other accommodation 31.36 6133 Lodging cleaners,except private households 21.37 6135 Sleeping-car and baggage porters 27.46 6139 Lodging and other accommodation:n.e.c. 26.13 6141 Funeral directors,embalmers,and related 47.32 6142 Housekeepers,servants and related 22.08 6143 Barbers,hairdressers and related 35.62 6144 Guides 32.87 6145 Travel and related attendants,except food and beverage 48.83 6147 Child-care occupations 23.70 6149 Personal service:n.e.c. 25.53 6160 Supervisors:apparel and furnishings service 34.28 6162 Laundering and dry cleaning 25.90 6165 Pressing 24.49 6169 Apparel and furnishings service:n.e.c. 24.49 6190 Supervisors:other service 37.46 6191 Janitors,charworkers and cleaners 26.36 6193 Elevator-operating 32.21 6198 Labouring and other elemental:other services 21.24 6199 Other service:n.e.c. 27.60 7113 Livestock farmers 29.59 7115 Crop farmers 31.32 7119 Farmers:n.e.c. 27.92 7180 Foremen/women:other farming,horticult.+ animal husbandry 38.95 7183 Livestock farm workers 25.36 7185 Crop farm workers 22.04 7195 Nursery and related workers 26.99 7196 I.t.g.+s.:other farming,horticultural + animal husbandry 25.71 7197 Farm machinery operators 23.76 7199 Other farming,horticultural and animal husbandry:n.e.c. 23.34 7311 Captains and other officers:fishing vessels 36.35 7313 Net,trap and line fishing 24.59 7315 Trapping and related 19.02 7319 Fishing,trapping and related:n.e.c. 22.73 7510 Foremen/women:forestry and logging 45.16 7511 Forestry conservations 34.14 7513 Timber cutting and related 25.23 7516 Log inspecting,grading,scaling and related 44.19 7517 Log hoisting,sorting,moving and related 34.57 7518 Labouring and other elemental:forestry and logging 25.34 7519 Forestry and logging:n.e.c. 32.30 7710 Foremen/women:mining + quarrying including oil+gas field 54.07 7711 Rotary well-drilling and related 42.43 7713 Rock and soil-drilling 40.23 7715 Blasting 40.43 7717 Mining and quarrying:cutting,handling and loading 39.56 7718 Labouring+other elemental:mining+quarrying incl.oil+gas 34.73 7719 Mining and quarrying including oil and gas field:n.e.c. 40.74 8110 Foremen/women:mineral ore treating 51.56 8111 Crushing and grinding:mineral ores 39.45 8113 Mixing,separating,filtering and related:mineral ores 42.59 8115 Melting and roasting:mineral ores 43.35 8116 I.t.g.+s.:mineral ore treating 45.92 8118 Labouring and other elemental:mineral ore treating 37.94 8119 Mineral ore treating:n.e.c. 40.81 8130 Foremen/women:metal processing and related 51.27 8131 Metal smelting,converting and refining 40.30 8133 Metal heat-treating 39.33 8135 Metal rolling 41.18 8137 Moulding,coremaking and metal casting 36.45 8141 Metal extruding and drawing 36.41 8143 Plating,metal spraying and related 33.89 8146 I.t.g.+s.:metal processing 44.50 8148 Labouring and other elemental:metal processing 36.06 8149 Metal processing and related:n.e.c. 38.29 8150 Foremen/women:clay,glass+stone processing,forming+relat. 44.48 8151 Furnacemen and kiln workers:clay,glass and stone 36.43 8153 Separating,grinding,crushing + mixing:clay,glass+stone 34.81 8155 Forming:clay,glass and stone 34.85 8156 I.t.g.+s.:clay,glass and stone processing and forming 37.98 8158 Labouring+oth. elem.:clay,glass+stone processing+forming 31.45 8159 Clay,glass and stone processing,forming + related:n.e.c. 36.07 8160 Foremen/w:chemicals,petrol,rubber,plastics+rel.mat.proc. 49.77 8161 Mixing and blending:chemicals and related materials 36.19 8163 Filtering,straining+separating:chemicals+rel.materials 40.14 8165 Distilling,subliming+carbonizing:chemicals+rel.materials 51.21 8167 Roasting,cooking+drying:chemicals and related materials 39.76 8171 Crushing and grinding:chemicals and related materials 34.69 8173 Coating and calendering:chemicals and related materials 32.40 8176 I.t.g.+s:chemicals,petrol.rubber,plast.+rel.mat.process. 43.64 8178 Labour.+oth.elem.:chemicals,petr.rub.plas.+rel.mat.proc. 32.50 8179 Chemical,petrol.,rubber,plast.+rel.mat.processing:n.e.c. 40.75 8210 Foremen/women:food,beverage and related processing 41.92 8211 Flour and grain milling 34.77 8213 Baking,confectionery making and related 30.55 8215 Slaughtering and meat cutting,canning,curing and packing 33.82 8217 Fish canning,curing and packing 20.38 8221 Fruit and vegetable canning,preserving and packing 23.18 8223 Milk processing and related occupations 37.03 8225 Sugar processing and related 36.76 8226 I.t.g.+s.:food,beverage and related processing 34.09 8227 Beverage processing and related 40.13 8228 Labouring+other elem.:food,beverage + related processing 24.92 8229 Food,beverage and related processing:n.e.c. 32.32 8230 Foremen/women:wood processing,except pulp + papermaking 44.20 8231 Sawmill sawyers and related 33.71 8233 Plywood making and related 34.66 8235 Wood treating 35.92 8236 I.t.g.+s.:wood processing,except pulp and papermaking 38.91 8238 Labouring+other elem.:wood processing,except pulp+paper 29.71 8239 Wood processing,except pulp and papermaking:n.e.c. 34.87 8250 Foremen/women:pulp and papermaking and related 52.46 8251 Cellulose pulp preparing 44.18 8253 Papermaking and finishing 43.92 8256 I.t.g.+s.:pulp and papermaking 46.10 8258 Labouring and other elemental work:pulp and papermaking 39.32 8259 Pulp and papermaking and related:n.e.c. 39.74 8260 Foremen/women:textile processing 40.71 8261 Textile fibre preparing 29.13 8263 Textile spinning and twisting 28.74 8265 Textile winding and reeling 27.90 8267 Textile weaving 30.36 8271 Knitting 27.82 8273 Textile bleaching and dyeing 32.29 8275 Textile finishing and calendering 29.16 8276 I.t.g.+s.:textile processing 30.21 8278 Labouring and other elemental:textile processing 27.40 8279 Textile processing:n.e.c. 29.65 8290 Foremen/women:other processing 43.35 8293 Tobacco processing 36.65 8295 Hide and pelt processing 28.42 8296 I.t.g.+s.:other processing 35.64 8298 Labouring and other elemental:other processing 28.78 8299 Other processing:n.e.c. 38.18 8310 Foremen/women:metal machining 50.89 8311 Tool and die making operations 48.15 8313 Machinist and machine tool setting-up 43.99 8315 Machine tool operating 38.43 8316 I.t.g.+s.:metal machining 42.47 8319 Metal machining:n.e.c. 36.62 8330 Foremen/women:metal shaping and forming,except machining 49.19 8331 Forging 37.68 8333 Sheet metal workers 40.36 8334 Metalworking-machine operators:n.e.c. 34.06 8335 Welding and flame cutting 41.42 8336 I.t.g.+s.:metal shaping and forming,except machining 43.19 8337 Boilermakers,platers and structural metal workers 43.58 8339 Metal shaping and forming,except machining:n.e.c. 34.61 8350 Foremen/women:wood machining 41.47 8351 Wood patternmaking 42.52 8353 Wood sawing and related:n.e.c. 30.68 8355 Planing,turning,shaping and related wood machining 31.62 8356 I.t.g.+s.:wood machining 34.03 8357 Wood sanding 27.51 8359 Wood machining:n.e.c. 31.82 8370 Foremen/w.:clay,glass,stone + related material machining 43.15 8371 Cutting and shaping:clay,glass,stone + related material 33.26 8373 Abrading+polishing:clay,glass,stone+related mat.:n.e.c. 32.88 8376 I.t.g.+s.:clay,glass,stone + related materials machining 36.21 8379 Clay,glass,stone and related material machining:n.e.c. 35.01 8390 Foremen/women:other machining and related:n.e.c. 46.88 8391 Engravers,etchers and related:n.e.c. 32.27 8393 Filing,grinding,buffing,cleaning and polishing:n.e.c. 35.40 8395 Patternmakers and mouldmakers:n.e.c. 42.82 8396 I.t.g.+s.:other machining and related 33.55 8399 Other machining and related:n.e.c. 32.48 8510 Foremen/women:fabricating+assembing:metal product:n.e.c. 49.97 8511 Engine + related equipment fabricating+assembling:n.e.c. 36.00 8513 Motor vehicle fabricating and assembling:n.e.c. 36.86 8515 Aircraft fabricating and assembling:n.e.c. 43.57 8523 Ind.,farm,const.+oth.mech.equi.+mach.:fabr.+assem:n.e.c. 36.35 8525 Business+commercial machines:fabricat.+assembling:n.e.c. 35.56 8526 I.t.g.+s.:fabricating + assembling metal products:n.e.c. 43.88 8527 Precision instrum.+rel.equip:fabricat.+assembling:n.e.c. 36.24 8528 Labouring+oth.elemental:fabric.+assem.metal prod.:n.e.c. 31.03 8529 Other fabricating and assembling:metal products:n.e.c. 33.83 8530 Foremen/w.:fabr.,assemb.,instal.+r.:el.electron.+rel.eq. 50.36 8531 Electrical + related equipment:fabricating + assembling 33.31 8533 Electrical + related equip.:installing+repairing:n.e.c. 48.14 8534 Electronic + related equipment:fabricating + assembling 32.33 8535 Electronic + related equip.:installing+repairing:n.e.c. 52.85 8536 I.t.g.+s.:fabric.,assem.,inst.+rep:el.,electron.+rel.eq. 42.52 8537 Radio and television repairers 43.76 8538 Labour.+oth.elem.:fab.,ass.,i.,+r.:el.,electron.+rel.eq. 29.59 8539 Fabr.,assemb.i.+r.:electric.,electron.+rel.equip.:n.e.c. 34.62 8540 Foremen/women:fabricat.,assembl.+repairing:wood products 39.87 8541 Cabinet and wood furniture makers 32.57 8546 I.t.g.+s.:fabricating,assembling+repairing:wood products 31.98 8548 Labouring+oth.elem.:fabric.,assem.,+repair:wood products 27.61 8549 Fabricating,assembling + repairing:wood products:n.e.c. 29.04 8550 Foremen/w.:fabr.,assem.+repair.:textile,fur+leather pr. 34.53 8551 Patternmaking,marking+cutting:textile,fur+leather prod. 30.32 8553 Tailors and dressmakers 28.52 8555 Furriers 28.91 8557 Milliners,hat and cap makers 22.71 8561 Shoemaking and repairing 25.37 8562 Upholsterers 31.22 8563 Sewing machine operators:textile and similar materials 25.00 8566 I.t.g.+s.:fabricating,assem.,+repair:textile,fur+leather 26.78 8568 Labouring+oth.elem.:fab.,assem,+repair:text.,fur+leather 24.81 8569 Fabricating,assemb.+repairing:textile,fur+leather:n.e.c. 26.36 8570 Foremen/women:fabr.,assem.,+repair.:rubber,plastics+rel. 42.59 8571 Bonding and cementing:rubber,plastics + related products 33.27 8573 Moulding:rubber,plastics and related products 30.45 8575 Cutting and finishing:rubber,plastics + related products 31.37 8576 I.t.g.+s.:fabric.,assembl.+repair.:rubber,plastics+rel. 36.98 8578 Labouring+oth.elem.:fab.assem.+rep.:rubber,plastics+rel. 30.37 8579 Fabricat.,assemb.+repair.:rubber,plastics+related:n.e.c. 31.23 8580 Foremen/women:mechanics and repairers:n.e.c. 48.51 8581 Motor vehicle:mechanics and repairers 39.19 8582 Aircraft:mechanics and repairers 49.42 8583 Rail transport equipment:mechanics and repairers 42.57 8584 Industrial,farm+construct. machinery:mechanics+repairers 46.70 8585 Business and commerce machine:mechanics and repairers 48.13 8586 I.t.g.+s.:equipment repair:n.e.c. 43.87 8587 Watch and clock:repairers 39.87 8588 Precision instrument:mechanics and repairers 53.83 8589 Other mechanics and repairers:n.e.c. 38.25 8590 Foremen/w.:other product:fabric.,assem.+repairing:n.e.c. 42.99 8591 Jewelry and silverware:fabricat.,assembling+repairing 33.35 8592 Marine craft:fabricating,assembling and repairing 37.66 8593 Paper product:fabricating + assembling 32.93 8595 Painting and decorating:n.e.c. 33.30 8596 I.t.g.+s.:other product:fabricat.,assembling + repairing 33.38 8598 Labour.+oth.elem.:other product:fabr.,assemb.+repairing 30.01 8599 Other product:fabricating,assembling + repairing:n.e.c. 30.36 8710 Foremen/women:excavating,grading,paving and related 42.54 8711 Excavating,grading and related 35.29 8713 Paving,surfacing and related 30.71 8715 Railway section and track workers 32.64 8718 Labouring+oth.elemental:excavat.,grading,paving+related 28.33 8719 Excavating,grading,paving and related:n.e.c. 37.36 8730 Foremen/w:el.power,light.+wire comm.eq.:erecting,i.+rep. 57.39 8731 Electrical power line workers and related 51.09 8733 Construction electrician and repairers 47.94 8735 Wire communication+related equipment:installing+repair. 50.71 8736 I.t.g.+s.:el.power,light.+wire comm.eq.:erecting,i.+rep. 53.53 8738 Labour.+oth.el.:el.power,light.+wire comm.eq.:er.i.+rep. 36.61 8739 El.power,light.+wire commun.eq.:erecting,ins.+rep:n.e.c. 47.31 8780 Foremen/women:other construction trades 44.75 8781 Carpenters and related 34.86 8782 Brick and stone masons and tile setters 36.21 8783 Concrete finishing and related 33.46 8784 Plasterers and related 34.15 8785 Painters,paperhangers and related 31.94 8786 Insulating:construction 34.34 8787 Roofing,waterproofing and related 29.83 8791 Pipefitting,plumbing and related 45.04 8793 Structural metal erectors 40.78 8795 Glaziers 35.07 8796 I.t.g.+s.:other construction trades 48.79 8798 Labouring and other elemental:other construction trades 28.13 8799 Other construction trades:n.e.c. 33.43 9110 Foremen/women:air transport operating 58.01 9111 Air pilots,navigators and flight engineers 64.07 9113 Air transport operating support 53.64 9119 Air transport operating:n.e.c. 45.16 9130 Foremen/women:railway transport operating 48.23 9131 Locomotive operating 49.25 9133 Conductors and brake workers:railway 44.28 9135 Railway transport operating support 42.87 9139 Railway transport operating:n.e.c. 37.35 9151 Deck officers:ship 56.36 9153 Engineering officers:ship 55.32 9155 Deck crew:ship 36.31 9157 Engine and boiler-room crew:ship 38.48 9159 Water transport operating:n.e.c. 37.15 9170 Foremen/women:motor transport operating 40.79 9171 Bus drivers 34.93 9173 Taxi drivers and chauffeurs 30.92 9175 Truck drivers 34.45 9179 Motor transport operating:n.e.c. 36.04 9190 Foremen/women:other transport equipment operating 47.31 9191 Subway and street railway operating 45.62 9193 Rail vehicle operators,except rail transport 40.79 9199 Other transport equipment operating:n.e.c. 31.93 9310 Foremen/women:materials handling and related:n.e.c. 42.33 9311 Hoisting:n.e.c. 40.73 9313 Longshore workers,stevedores and freight handlers 32.59 9314 Parcel carriers:n.e.c. 21.86 9315 Material handling equipment operators:n.e.c. 35.21 9317 Packaging:n.e.c. 25.79 9318 Labouring and other elemental:material handling+related 28.56 9319 Other material handling and related:n.e.c. 31.99 9510 Foremen/women:printing and related 46.36 9511 Typesetting and composing 42.35 9512 Printing press 40.66 9513 Stereotyping and electrotyping 36.43 9514 Printing,engraving,except photo-engraving 48.79 9515 Photo-engraving and related 44.92 9517 Bookbinding and related 30.30 9518 Labouring and other elemental:printing and related 26.37 9519 Printing and related:n.e.c. 31.69 9530 Foremen/w.:stationary engine+utilities eq. operat.+ rel. 56.59 9531 Power station operators 54.46 9539 Stationary engine+utilities eq.:operating+related:n.e.c. 47.63 9550 Foremen/w.:electronic+related comm. eq.:operating:n.e.c. 57.85 9551 Radio and television broadcasting equipment operators 50.27 9553 Telegraph operators 44.38 9555 Sound + video recording+reproduction equipment operators 49.49 9557 Motion picture projectionists 43.65 9559 Other electronic+related comm.equipment:operating:n.e.c. 45.78 9590 Foremen/women:other crafts + equipment:operating:n.e.c. 50.82 9591 Photographic processing 37.19 9599 Other crafts and equipment:operating:n.e.c. 44.12 9910 Supervisors and foremen/women:n.e.c. 48.27 9916 Inspecting,testing,grading and sampling:n.e.c. 42.68 9919 Other occupations:not elsewhere classified 34.90 9921 Labouring+other elemental:manufacturing 28.97 9922 Labouring+other elemental:transportation + communication 31.28 9923 Labouring+other elemental:trade 23.41 9924 Labouring+other elemental:service 21.26 9925 Labouring+other elemental:public administration+defence 26.16 9926 Labouring+other elemental:other industries 24.11 1 REFERENCES Bates, D. 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